Efecto de cultivos hospederos y no hospederos sobre propágulos micorrícicos arbusculares

Recent field studies have shown that fungal spores decrease when non host plants are used as a pre-culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate how host plant like oats (Avena sativa L.), and non host, as lupine (Lupinus albus L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can influence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules diversity and phosphatase activity when growing in an Andisol and an Inceptisol. The trial was conducted from September 2006 through March 2007 in greenhouse conditions using 5 kg pots with in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The number of AMF spores was higher in the Andisol than the Inceptisol and highest when using oats than lupine or raps as plant host. Oats also showed a large enrichment of morphotypes, whereas lupine and raps were poor. The phosphatase activity (P-ase) in Inceptisol was lower than in Andisol and between crops increased in the order oats < rapeseed < lupine; while significant differences between lupines with other crops were registred. Again, our results reinforce the hypothesis that the mycorrhizae and phosphatase activity are complementary mechanisms developed by plants for a better P acquisition.Estudios recientes en campo han demostrado que las esporas fúngicas disminuyen cuando se utilizan como pre-cultivo no hospederos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de un cultivo hospedero, avena (Avena sativa L.) y cultivos no hospederos, como lupino (Lupinus albus L.) y raps (Brassica napus L.) sobre los propágulos de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) y diversidad fúngica junto con la actividad fosfatásica en un Andisol serie Temuco e Inceptisol serie Lumaco. El ensayo se realizó en condiciones de invernadero, desde septiembre de 2006 hasta marzo de 2007, utilizándose macetas de 5 kg con un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El número de esporas HMA fue mayor en el Andisol que en el Inceptisol y mayor cuando se usó avena como planta hospedera que lupino y raps. La avena también mostró una gran riqueza de morfotipos mientras que, en lupino y raps fue baja. La actividad fosfatásica en el Inceptisol fue menor que en el Andisol y entre cultivos aumentó en orden avena < raps < lupino; mientras que, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre lupino con los otros cultivos. Nuevamente, nuestros resultados refuerzan la hipótesis que las micorrizas y actividad fosfatásica son mecanismos complementarios que utiliza la planta para una mejor captación de fósfor

Interacción Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii y hongos micorrícicos en un Andisol con diferentes niveles de saturación de aluminio

Aluminium phytotoxicity is a serious limitation of the productivity of prairies growing on volcanic soil by affecting nodulation and effectiveness of Rhizobium. The aim of this study was to select Rhizobium strains to determine the effect as inoculant on Trifolium repens cropped in an Andisol with different aluminium saturation levels. Acidity tolerance (pH 4.5 and 6.0) of twelve Rhizobium strains of collection at three Al levels (100, 200, 300 μM) was evaluated in mineral nutritive medium vitro. Simultaneously, in a greenhouse trial, strains effectivity were tested by inoculation of Trifolium pratense growing in an acidic Andisol and compared with dry matter accumulation produced by native strains. According to the results of this two trials, three Rhizobium strains (R-109, R-113 and R-115) were selected to study the effect of their inoculation on Trifolium repens growth cropped in an Andisol at four Al saturation levels (SAl1 to SAl4). In addition, the effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules was also studied. Plants showed different capacity for association with the inoculated strains giving the best response R-113 at SAl1 level with positive synergism expressed by microbiological parameters such as high nodulation (16 nodules pot-1), AMF spore number (384 spores 100 g-1), root colonization percentage (45%), together with agronomical variables with an increase of aerial phytomass (93,5%) in comparison with the control. Higher Al levels had an deleterious effect on the inoculation of collection strains; therefore, with R-109 strain inoculation the smallest root growth and nodulation were observed in comparison with soil with native strains whereas R-113 was the more effective one.La fitotoxicidad por Al es una seria limitante de la productividad de praderas crecidas sobre suelos volcánicos afectando la nodulación y efectividad de los Rhizobium. El objetivo del estudio consistió en seleccionar cepas de Rhizobium de colección para estudiar su efectividad en Trifolium repens crecido en un Andisol con cepas nativas y distinta saturación de Al. Para ello se evaluó previamente en caldo nutritivo la tolerancia a la acidez y toxicidad por Al de 12 cepas de colección mediante control de curvas de crecimiento. Paralelamente, se inocularon los Rhizobium en un Andisol para evaluar su efectividad mediante rendimiento de Trifolium pratense. Se seleccionaron las cepas R-109, R-113 y R-115 para inocularlas en el Andisol utilizando cuatro tratamientos: suelo adicionado de 2 Mg CaCO3 ha-1 (SAl1), un testigo (SAl2) y suelo adicionado de dos niveles de saturación Al (SAl1, SAl4) utilizando Trifolium repens como hospedero. Las plantas mostraron capacidad para asociarse con las especies inoculadas presentando mayor efectividad R-113-SAl1 sinergismo positivo expresado en variables microbiológicas como nodulación (16 nódulos maceta-1), esporas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares, HMA (384 esporas 100g-1), colonización HMA (45%) junto con variables agronómicas alcanzándose un incremento de biomasa foliar (93,5%) frente al testigo. Niveles más elevados de Al afectaron la inoculación con cepas de colección; así, con R-109 se obtuvo el menor crecimiento radical y nodulación respecto al suelo natural mientras que R-113 fue la cepa más efectiva

Person-centered practice in the Portuguese Healthcare Services: a scoping review protocol

Recognizing the importance of the international advancements on person-centered practice (PCP) with positive implementation outcomes at the varied levels of healthcare systems, this scoping review will examine the PCP in Portuguese healthcare services. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews will be followed. The Population (P) Concept (C) Context (C) mnemonic will scaffold research questions, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the searching strategy. Literature reporting on person-centeredness domains at the macro-, meso-, and micro levels applied to Portuguese healthcare services in Portuguese and English will be considered for inclusion. Accordingly, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS, SCIELO, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), and Open gray will be searched. The literature will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers, first by title and abstract and subsequently by full text. A data extraction matrix designed to answer the research questions will be used for the included literature. The charted data will be thematically analyzed and presented graphically, with a narrative description of the literature characteristics. The results are expected to inform healthcare stakeholders at varying levels about the PCP domains where further improvements might be required in order to raise the quality of care to the international gold standards.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efecto de los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en un cultivo ecológico de ají (Capsicum annuum L.) cacho de cabra

Mapuche farmers in southern Chile have been cultivating local ecotypes of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), called locally "Cacho de cabra", for many decades. It is used to make "merkén", a condiment that is consumed locally and exported. This vegetable requires a nursery stage and can obtain nutritional benefits from symbiotic associations such as mycorrhizal fungi, achieving a better adaptation to transplanting. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophes appearing in abundance in agroecosystems with conservation management. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of two AMF, a commercial mycorrhizal inoculant (IC, Glomus intraradices) and another native (IN, Glomus claroideum) with a control without inoculation (-I) on the production and quality of "Cacho de cabra". At 45 days after sowing (DAS) transplanting was carried out and at 90 and 216 DAS fruit quality, fungal and edaphic parameters were evaluated. The harvest was at four stages. With IN inoculation plants and with greater foliar area were obtained. Also, precocity of fruit production was observed. The harvest started 49 days earlier and fresh weight was 177% higher than that of the control. Root colonization was low, showing significant differences between IN and IC, while a large number of spores was produced in the substrate. It was concluded that inoculation with native fungi decreased transplanting stress thus accelerating the maturation stage of plants and resulting in higher and better yield quality

Respuesta de ají(Capsicum annuum L.) cv. "Cacho de Cabra" a la inoculación con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares

The aim of this work was to study, in glasshouse conditions, the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on plant growth and fruit quality of chili pepper cv. Cacho de Cabra when plants were transplanted to a sterile (SS) and unsterile substrate (NSS) composed by a mixture of soil-sand- vermiculite. Inocula were Glomus claroideum and a mixture of native HMA strains which were compared with a control. Twice a month, height and flower number and nutritional and chemical fruit characteristics were measured. In SS both HMA inocula increased shoot and root weight and diameter and weight of fruits. Maturation period was also reduced. Under the studied conditions the strains used showed compatibility with host plant which suggests that an effective inoculation of this vegetable could greatly improve its usefulness in industrial processes

Noninvasive and invasive evaluation of cardiac dysfunction in experimental diabetes in rodents

BACKGROUND: Because cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients, the determination of myocardial function in diabetes mellitus is essential. In the present study, we provide an integrated approach, using noninvasive echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics to assess early changes in myocardial function of diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (STZ, 50 mg/kg). After 30 days, echocardiography (noninvasive) at rest and invasive left ventricular (LV) cannulation at rest, during and after volume overload, were performed in diabetic (D, N = 7) and control rats (C, N = 7). The Student t test was performed to compare metabolic and echocardiographic differences between groups at 30 days. ANOVA was used to compare LV invasive measurements, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05 for all tests. RESULTS: Diabetes impaired LV systolic function expressed by reduced fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening compared with that in the control group. The diabetic LV diastolic dysfunction was evidenced by diminished E-waves and increased A-waves and isovolumic relaxation time. The myocardial performance index was greater in diabetic compared with control rats, indicating impairment in diastolic and systolic function. The LV systolic pressure was reduced and the LV end-diastolic pressure was increased at rest in diabetic rats. The volume overload increased LVEDP in both groups, while LVEDP remained increased after volume overload only in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that STZ-diabetes induces systolic and diastolic dysfunction at rest, and reduces the capacity for cardiac adjustment to volume overload. In addition, it was also demonstrated that rodent echocardiography can be a useful, clinically relevant tool for the study of initial diabetic cardiomyopathy manifestations in asymptomatic patients

Supplementing alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin D3 in high fat diet decrease IL-6 production in murine epididymal adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes following LPS stimulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is well known that high fat diets (HFDs) induce obesity and an increase in proinflammatory adipokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered the major inflammatory mediator in obesity. Obesity is associated with a vitamin deficiency, especially of vitamins E and D3. We examined the effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin E supplementation on levels of IL-6 and IL-10 (as a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokines since, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is maintained) protein expression in adipose tissue of mice provided with an HFD. Additionally, we measured the effects of vitamin E and vitamin D3 treatment on LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes IL-6 and IL-10 secretion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>IL-6 protein levels and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio were decreased in epididymal white adipose tissue in groups receiving vitamins E and D3 supplementation compared to the HFD group. A 24-hour treatment of vitamin D3 and vitamin E significantly reduced the IL-6 levels in the adipocytes culture medium without affecting IL-10 levels.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Vitamin D3 and vitamin E supplementation in an HFD had an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing IL-6 production in epididymal adipose tissue in mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with LPS. Our results suggest that vitamin E and D3 supplementation can be used as an adjunctive therapy to reduce the proinflammatory cytokines present in obese patients.</p

Factors affecting the retention efficiency and physicochemical properties of spray dried lipid nanoparticles loaded with lippia sidoides essential oil

Essential oils (EOs) are widely used in various industrial sectors but can present several instability problems when exposed to environmental factors. Encapsulation technologies are effective solutions to improve EOs properties and stability. Currently, the encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles has received significant attention, due to the several recognized advantages over conventional systems. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the lipid matrix composition and spray-drying process on the physicochemical properties of the lipid-based nanoparticles loaded with Lippia sidoides EO and their retention efficiency for the oil. The obtained spray-dried products were characterized by determination of flow properties (Carr Index: from 25.0% to 47.93%, and Hausner ratio: from 1.25 to 1.38), moisture (from 3.78% to 5.20%), water activity (<0.5), and powder morphology. Zeta potential, mean particle size and polydispersity index, of the redispersed dried product, fell between 25.9 mV and 30.9 mV, 525.3 nm and 1143 nm, and 0.425 and 0.652, respectively; showing slight differences with the results obtained prior to spray-drying (from 16.4 mV to 31.6 mV; 147 nm to 1531 nm; and 0.459 to 0.729). Thymol retention in the dried products was significantly lower than the values determined for the liquid formulations and was affected by the drying of nanoparticles.I.B. acknowledges CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the financial support (88887.368385/2019-00). E.B.S. acknowledges the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for the funded projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund). WPO acknowledges the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for the financial support (Grant N. 2018/26069-0 and 2011/10333-1).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clinical utility of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of a large cohort of patients with high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of F-18-FDG PET/CT in patients with high-risk DTC. Subjects and methods: Single-center retrospective study with 74 patients with high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), classified in 4 groups. Group 1: patients with positive sTg or TgAb, subdivided in Group 1A: negative RxWBS and no foci of metastases identified at conventional image (n = 9)Group 1B: RxWBS not compatible with suspicious foci at conventional image or not proportional to sTg level (n = 13)Group 2: patients with histological findings of aggressive DTC variants (n = 21) and Group 3: patients with positive RxWBS (n = 31). Results: F-18-FDG PET/CT identified undifferentiated lesions and helped restage the disease in groups 1B and 2. The scan helped guide clinical judgment in 9/13 (69%) patients of group 1B, 10/21 (48%) patients of group 2 and 2/31 (6%) patients of group 3. There was no clinical benefit associated with group 1A. F-18-FDG PET/CT was associated with progressive disease. Conclusion: F-18-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool in the follow-up of patients with high-risk DTC, mainly in the group of RxWBS not compatible with suspicious foci at conventional image or not proportional to sTg level and in those with aggressive DTC variants. Additionally, this study showed that F-18-FDG PET/CT was associated with progression and helped display undifferentiated lesions guiding clinical assessments regarding surgeries or expectant treatments.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ministério da Saúde (MS)Univ Fed São Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Ctr Doencas Tireoide, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Endocrinol Mol & Translac, Dept Med,Div Endocrinol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilHIAE, Dept Imagem, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Ctr Doencas Tireoide, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Endocrinol Mol & Translac, Dept Med,Div Endocrinol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2006/60402-1MS: 25000.168513/2008-11Web of Scienc

La vivienda del movimiento moderno: una mirada desde la "otra" Argentina. Transculturación e interpretación del modelo

Ponencia presentada en las Jornadas Viviendas del Siglo XX. Un Patrimonio Vivo. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2015Desde la Cátedra Historia de la Arquitectura Latinoamericana III-A se intenta generar una actitud reflexiva y crítica frente a la producción arquitectónico-urbanística de Latinoamérica, en distintos periodos históricos y en contextos geográficos y culturales diversos.La producción arquitectónica latinoamericana y sus diversos procesos de diseño son abordados por el estudiante desde un análisis gráfico-conceptual integral y crítico de diferentes tipologías arquitectónicas a través de los distintos periodos históricos (desde el prehispánico hasta la actualidad). El enfoque teórico de la cátedra debe permitir arribar a una conclusión crítica, para verificar la aplicación de conceptos instrumentales y pares dialecticos: los procesos de transculturación, la relación centro-periferia, tradición y vanguardia ?entre otros-. Las concusiones y comparaciones a las que se arriban permiten identificar actitudes de diseño diferentes según el ?espíritu de la época? y el ?espíritu del lugar? ?al decir de Enrique Browne-, introduciendo innovaciones en el ?tipo? arquitectónico.En el marco de las presentes Jornadas sobre la vivienda del Movimiento Moderno en nuestra región, interesa indagar sobre los resultados del proceso de diseño centrados en la transculturación del Movimiento Moderno [MoMo], su anclaje e influencia en el desarrollo de la vivienda -que constituye uno de los tipos constantes a lo largo de historia-, por parte de arquitectos que desempeñaron su actividad profesional en diferentes realidades geográficas y sociales del país, como lo son Córdoba y Rosario de la región centro y Tucumán del NOA, realidades disimiles entre si y a su vez en la relación con el epicentro del quehacer arquitectónico, Buenos Aires.Este centro y estas periferias implican miradas diferentes al modelo moderno transculturado. Desde las ciudades que centralizan la producción arquitectónica provincial hay otra mirada sobre el modelo, que tendrá en cuanta muchas veces ?a pesar de lo internacional de las propuestas-, condiciones regionales que anticipan ese concepto de otra arquitectura de Enrique Browne: reelaborar el modelo, construir lugares, usar otros materiales, buscar innovaciones formales que identifican a cada autor.Como componente de la arquitectura en función de su análisis, el tipo es lo representativo de lo esencial de una institución, no es un modelo ni una forma, pudiendo existir diferentes tipos según el elemento componente de la arquitectura que se seleccione a los fines del análisis . Su estudio ?en el marco del enfoque pedagógico de la Cátedra?, implica reflexionar sobre los procesos de diseño de cada autor y sus circunstancias ?otras? en la diversidad del territorio argentino, con el objeto de vincularlos con la experiencia proyectual de un alumno de Nivel IV. Otros serán entonces los interrogantes de análisis: ¿los modelos del MoMo son interpretados desde otras miradas entre el centro y las periferias del país? ¿Los autores son influenciados desde la región o prevalece el modelo universal? ¿Cuál es el valor que hoy se le reconoce a la producción arquitectónica del MoMo? ¿Qué variantes e invariantes se reconocen en la obra construida de sus autores más destacadosFil: Medina, Rebeca. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Carmignani, Mara Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Costanzo, Silvia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Santiá, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Rasino, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Molero, Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaCiencias Sociales Interdisciplinaria