Influences of cosmic radiation, artificial radioactivity and aerosol concentration upon the fair-weather atmospheric electric field in Lisbon (1955–1991)

The atmospheric electric field is influenced by cosmic radiation, radioactivity and aerosols. In this work we investigate the existence of: (i) correlations between relative anomalies of annual values of atmospheric electric field and cosmic radiation intensity, artificial radioactivity and aerosol concentration; (ii) seasonal correlations between relative anomalies of the atmospheric electric field and cosmic radiation intensity. We used data of the electric field strength recorded at the Portela meteorological station (Lisbon) in the period 1955–1991. We found statistically significant inverse correlations between atmospheric electric field and cosmic radiation in the period 1967–1991. We also found that the influence of cosmic radiation on the atmospheric electric field is strong in wintertime and very weak in summertime. The GCR–CN–CCN–Cloud Hypothesis and the wintertime reduced boundary layer convection are analyzed as possible explanations for this difference

De haruspicum responso : religion and politics in Cicero

Analysis of aspects of the roman religion, as put forwards in Cicero’s De haruspicum responso

De haruspicum responso : religião e política em Cícero

Análise de aspectos políticos da religião romana com base no discurso De haruspicum responso, de Marco Túlio Cícero.Analysis of aspects of the roman religion, as put forwards in Cicero's De haruspicum responso

Teaching to write the academic text: the multiple functions of the advisor

O presente estudo toma as observações de um orientador de mestrado em uma área das ciências humanas que foram encontradas em rascunhos produzidos por duas informantes ao longo de 36 meses de trabalho como objeto de análise. Seu objetivo principal é estudar como a ação de ensinar a escrever o texto acadêmico se configura. Para tal fim, partilhamos a hipótese de trabalho de Pommier (1993), segundo a qual os modos pelos quais alguém aprende a escrever atualizam, de forma metafórica, os caminhos por meio dos quais sua subjetivação se deu. Tendo a psicanálise de orientação lacaniana como campo em que trabalhamos, inserimo-nos na continuidade dos trabalhos que vêm defendendo a possibilidade do agenciamento da singularidade de quem escreve em direção a uma universidade produtiva. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível depreender cinco diferentes funções exercidas pelo orientador para ensinar suas alunas a escrever um texto acadêmico, a saber: 1) diretor de trabalhos, 2) leitor, 3) coautor, 4) revisor e 5) agente do real. Dessa forma, pudemos ratificar a alegada dificuldade para orientar um trabalho. Pudemos, também, ter uma visão mais detalhada da complexidade de escrever um texto acadêmico.This article focuses on the remarks of an academic advisor of humanity students that have been found in drafts produced by two young women along 36 months. Its main objective is to study how the action of teaching how to write the academic text takes along. To do so, we use Pommier's hypothesis (1993), to whom the manners adopted by someone as he/she learns how to write follow, metaphorically, the ways by which his/her subjectivation has happened. We work in the field of lacanian psychoanalysis, following those works that defend that it is necessary to administrate the singularity of the one who writes academic papers in order to construct a productive university. After data analysis, it was possible to verify that the academic advisor had to adopt five different functions to teach his students how to write academic texts: 1) advisor, 2) reader, 3) co-author, 4) reviser, and 5) agent of the real. Thus, we could confirm the so said difficulty of supervising writing works, and we also could have a more detailed understanding of the academic writing complexity

La organización de la enseñanza

La serie Temas de Educación Inicial retoma categorías centrales de la didáctica de la Educación Inicial, propiciando que los equipos docentes sigan construyendo propuestas apropiadas para generar enseñanzas y aprendizajes en nuestros alumnos. Creemos que La organización de la enseñanza aporta a la tarea de enseñar garantizando derechos, respetando a nuestros niños y a las fecundas tradiciones del Nivel Inicial. Es una contribución más al trabajo colectivo que se realiza en las instituciones escolares, verdaderas constructoras de mejores realidades educativas

Standardization of activated sludge for biodegradation tests

Activated sludges are an inoculum source commonly used in biodegradation studies, as wastewater treatment facilities constitute an entry point to the environment for many chemicals. In this paper, the main issues relating to the use of activated sludge in biodegradability tests are presented. Special attention is also devoted to discussing the factors affecting both the activity of the microbial communities and the test results. After a short survey of the state of the art of microbiology of activated sludge, the paper focuses on the methods used to reduce the variations in the diversity, quality and quantity of these communities. Finally, use of surrogates as reference materials in biodegradability tests is discussed

In vitro amplification of BVDV field strains isolated in Argentina: effect of cell line and culture conditions

The aim of this work was to study the in vitro amplification of BVDV (Pestivirus, Flaviridae) field isolates from Argentina in MDBK, BoTur and BHK-21 continuous cell lines. Field isolates 99/134 (mucosal disease), 00/693 (mucosal disease), 04P7016 (respiratory disease) and 04/89 (mucosal disease), genotype 1b, were used and compared with the Singer and NADL reference strains, genotype 1a. Additionally, cell lines derived from explants of bovine testis (RD-420), bovine uterus (NCL-1) and porcine kidney (PKZ) were tested as alternative substrates for BVDV propagation in vitro. The effect of cell line, harvest time and infection protocol was evaluated. The viral titers observed depended on the virus and harvest time but not on the infection protocol. We found that MDBK and BoTur cell lines were susceptible to the infection whereas BHK-21 and PKZ were not. NADL viral titers, 00/693 and 04/89, increased from 24 to 48 h p.i. in BoTur cells and then reached a plateau, whereas those of 99/134 and 04P7016 remained constant between 24 and 72 h p.i. BVDV Singer, on the other hand, presented a maximum titer at 24 h p.i. and then decreased. BVDV-NADL titers increased in MDBK and NCL-1 but not in RD-420 between 24 and 48 h p.i., and then decreased at 72 h p.i. These facts lead us to conclude that neither the subgenotypes (1a, 1b) nor the clinical symptoms of the animal from the virus had been isolated seem to affect the virus cell line kinetics of viral replication in vitro. On the other hand, the most homogenous behavior, the most similar replication curves, and highest titers observed in MDBK and NCL-1 seem to indicate that these lines are generally more susceptible to BVDV replication.The aim of this work was to study the in vitro amplification of BVDV (Pestivirus, Flaviridae) field isolates from Argentina in MDBK, BoTur and BHK-21 continuous cell lines. Field isolates 99/134 (mucosal disease), 00/693 (mucosal disease), 04P7016 (respiratory disease) and 04/89 (mucosal disease), genotype 1b, were used and compared with the Singer and NADL reference strains, genotype 1a. Additionally, cell lines derived from explants of bovine testis (RD420), bovine uterus (NCL-1) and porcine kidney (PKZ) were tested as alternative substrates for BVDV propagation in vitro. The effect of cell line, harvest time and infection protocol was evaluated. The viral titers observed depended on the virus and harvest time but not on the infection protocol. We found that MDBK and BoTur cell lines were susceptible to the infection whereas BHK-21 and PKZ were not. NADL viral titers, 00/693 and 04/89, increased from 24 to 48 h p.i. in BoTur cells and then reached a plateau, whereas those of 99/134 and 04P7016 remained constant between 24 and 72 h p.i. BVDV Singer, on the other hand, presented a maximum titer at 24 h p.i. and then decreased. BVDV-NADL titers increased in MDBK and NCL-1 but not in RD-420 between 24 and 48 h p.i., and then decreased at 72 h p.i. These facts lead us to conclude that neither the subgenotypes (1a, 1b) nor the clinical symptoms of the animal from the virus had been isolated seem to affect the virus cell line kinetics of viral replication in vitro. On the other hand, the most homogenous behavior, the most similar replication curves, and highest titers observed in MDBK and NCL-1 seem to indicate that these lines are generally more susceptible to BVDV replication.Fil: Odeón, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Leunda, Maria Rosa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Faverin, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Boynak, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Vena, M. M.. Biogénesis-Bagó S. A.; ArgentinaFil: Zabal, O.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentin

Secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de la semejanza utilizando fractales

Una secuencia didáctica se entiende como un sistema de reflexión y actuación del profesor en donde se explicitan aquellos aspectos del quehacer didáctico fundamentales a toda acción de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y en el que participan estudiantes, docentes, saberes y el entorno. En la secuencia didáctica a la que se refiere esta ponencia, propuesta para la enseñanza de la semejanza, los fractales serán el recurso a través del cual se identificarán las características y propiedades de la semejanza. En la planeación se tuvieron en cuenta la relación intrafigural y las transformaciones geométricas propuestas por Lemonidis, como referente teórico para analizar el concepto de semejanza

Polar Diels-Alder Reactions using Heterocycles as Electrophiles. Influence of Microwave Irradiation

In this work we studied a series of polar Diels-Alder reactions using different heterocycles derivatives acting as electrophiles joint to dienes of different nucleophilicity, analyzing the effect of the microwave irradiation in these processes. We employ the technique in two conditions: benzene as solvent and solvent free reactions. The last one presents the better yield in shorter time of reaction. Using microwave heating the aromatic cycloadducts are clearly predominant. It is possible to demonstrate that the microwave irradiation has a better influence on these cycloaddition reactions respect to those developed in thermal classical conditions.Fil: Kneeteman, Maria Nelida. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: López Baena, Anna Francesca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Della Rosa, Claudia Daniela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Pedro Maximo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentin