42 research outputs found

    Níveis de proteína bruta e suplementação de aminoácidos em dietas para leitoas mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura dos 60 aos 100 kg

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    Este experimento foi conduzido para determinar o nível de proteína bruta (PB) com suplementação de aminoácidos em dietas para leitoas mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura na fase de terminação. Foram utilizadas 35 leitoas mestiças (Landrace ´ Large White) com peso médio inicial de 60,3 kg, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco dietas (17,3; 16,0; 14,7; 13,4 e 12,1% PB), sete repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais foram fornecidas à vontade até o final do experimento, quando os animais atingiram 100,3 kg de PV. A temperatura média no interior da sala foi mantida em 30,6ºC, com umidade relativa de 71% e índice de temperatura de globo e umidade de 81. Não houve efeito da redução do nível de PB da dieta sobre as características de desempenho estudadas (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar). As características da carcaça (comprimento da carcaça, área de olho-de-lombo, espessura de toucinho e rendimentos da carcaça, de carne magra, de gordura e de pernil) também não foram influenciadas pela redução dos níveis de PB da dieta. Os níveis de PB e a suplementação de aminoácidos na dieta influenciaram os pesos absoluto e relativo do intestino; os menores valores foram observados nos animais alimentados com a dieta com menor nível de PB (12,1%). A redução do nível de PB da dieta de 17,3 para 12,1% não prejudica o desempenho de leitoas mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura na fase dos 60 aos 100 kg, desde que as dietas sejam devidamente suplementadas com os aminoácidos essenciais limitantes.This experiment was conduced to determine the level of CP with amino acid supplementation in diets to gilts under high environmental temperature in finishing phase. Thirty-five crossbreed gilts (Landrace x Large White) with an average initial weight of 60.3 kg were allotted in a randomized experimental design with five diets (17.3, 16, 14.7, 13.4, and 12.1% CP) seven replications and one animal by experimental unity. The experimental diets were supplied ad libitum until the end of the experiment when the animals reached the average weight of 100.3 kg. The average temperature inside the room was kept in 30.6ºC and the relative humidity in 71%. The black globe humidity index calculated in the period was 81. Not effect was observed for the reduction of CP level of the diet on the studied performance characteristics (feed intake, weight gain and feed gain ratio). The carcass characteristics (carcass length; loin eye area; backfat thickness and yield of carcass, lean meat, fat and ham) also were not influenced by the CP reduction in the diets. The CP levels and supplementation of amino acids in the dieta influenced the relative and absolute weight of intestine. Smaller values were observed in animals fed diet with smaller level of CP (12.1%). The reduction of CP level in the diet from 17.3 to 12.1% did not harms the performance of gilts maintained in a high environmental temperature from 60 to 100 kg since the diets are properly supplemented with limiting essential amino acids

    PROGRAMAS DE LUZ PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO

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    Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de programas de luz sobre o desempenho e comportamento de suínos em fase de crescimento. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de suinocultura da UFLA, em Lavras, MG, utilizando-se 48 suínos machos castrados com peso médio inicial de 29,99±0,05kg e final de 76,66±0,84kg, alojados em grupos de dois em cada baia, compondo a unidade experimental. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, de acordo com o peso inicial em quatro programas de luz, sendo: luz natural (controle-LN); 15 horas de luz e nove de escuro por dia (15L: 9E); 19 horas de luz por dia (19L: 5E); 23 horas de luz por dia (23L: 1E). O experimento teve duração de 45 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram o comportamento dos animais (bebendo, fuçando, ócio e comendo), o desempenho (consumo de ração médio diário, ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e peso final). O uso de luz suplementar para suínos em crescimento não influenciou o desempenho dos animais

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    Evaluation of reduction crude protein level of ration with amino acid supplementation for swines from 15 to 60 kg maintained in a different thermic environment

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    Um total de 180 leitões foram utilizados em três experimentos para avaliar a influência da redução da proteína bruta (PB) com suplementação de aminoácidos em rações sobre o desempenho de suínos mantidos em diferentes temperaturas. No experimento I, foram utilizados 60 animais mantidos em conforto térmico (22 oC), dos 15,0 kg aos 30,2 kg, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (18, 17, 16, 15 e 14% PB), seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Não se observou efeito da redução do nível de PB sobre o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA). As taxas de deposição de gordura (TDG) e proteína (TDP) também não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. Os tratamentos influenciaram os pesos absoluto e relativo do estômago e o peso absoluto de intestino. No experimento II, 60 leitões foram mantidos em alta temperatura (32 oC), dos 15,2 kg aos 29,9 kg, utilizando-se os tratamentos e o delineamento experimental do experimento I. Não se observou efeito dos tratamentos sobre o CR, o GP e a CA nem sobre os consumos de lisina e de energia digestíveis. A redução da PB influenciou o consumo de nitrogênio; somente a TDG foi influenciada. Os maiores valores de peso de fígado, estômago e rins foram observados nos animais que receberam a ração com maior nível de PB. No experimento III, 60 leitões foram mantidos no calor (32o C), dos 29,8 aos 59,9 kg, distribuídos em cinco tratamentos (17, 16, 15, 14 e 13% PB), seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. A redução do nível de PB influenciou o GP e o CR dos animais, tendo apresentado os menores valores aqueles submetidos à ração com 14% de PB; a CA não variou. Observou-se efeito dos tratamentos sobre a TDP e a TDG, com os animais que receberam a ração com 14% de PB apresentando os menores valores de ambas as taxas. Os animais que receberam o nível mais elevado de PB apresentaram maiores pesos (absoluto e relativo) de rins. Concluiu-se que o nível de PBda ração para suínos machos dos 15 aos 60 kg mantidos em diferentes temperaturas pode ser reduzido em quatro unidades percentuais, sem influência negativa no desempenho dos animais, desde que as rações sejam devidamente suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais no padrão da proteína ideal.A total of 180 piglets in three experiments was used to evaluate the influence of reduction of the crude protein (CP) level and amino acid supplementation in diets on performance of swines under different temperatures. In the experiment one, sixty swines maintained in a termoneutral environment (22 oC), from 15.0 kg to 30.2 kg, were allotted to a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments (18, 17, 16, 15 and 14% CP), six replications and two animals per experimental unit. The reduction of CP level did not affect the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed:gain (FG) ratio, as well as the depositions rates of protein (PDR) and fat (FDR). The treatments affected the absolute and relative weights of the stomach and absolute weight of the intestine. In the experiment two, sixty swines, maintained in a high environmental temperature (32 oC) from 15.2 to 29.9 kg, were allotted to the treatments and experimental design similar those used in the first experimento. The reduction of the CP level did not affected FI, WG, FG and the intakes of digestible lysine and energy. The CP reduction affected nitrogen intake; just FDR were infuenced. The highest values of liver, stomach and kidneys weights were observed in the animals fed diet with higher level of CP. In the experiment three, sixty swines were maintained in a high environmental temperature (32 oC), from 29.8 to 59.9 kg, and fed five rations (17, 16, 15, 14 and 13% CP), with six replicates and two animal per experimental unit. The reduction of CP level affected WG and FI, and the animals fed the diet with 14% CP showed smaller values. FG did not change. The treatments affected the PDR and FDR, and the animals fed diet with 14% CP showing the smaller values for the both rates. The animals fed diet with the highest CP level showed higher absolute and relative weight of kidneys. It was concluded that the dietary crude protein level fed to males swines from 15 to 60 kg under different temperatures can be reduced in four percentual units, withno effect on performance since diets were supplemented with essencial amino acids based on the ideal protein concept.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic
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