Surrogate-based Analysis and Design Optimization of Power Delivery Networks

As microprocessor architectures continue to increase computing performance under low-energy consumption, the combination of signal integrity, electromagnetic interference, and power delivery is becoming crucial in the computer industry. In this context, power delivery engineers make use of complex and computationally expensive models that impose time-consuming industrial practices to reach an adequate power delivery design. In this paper, we propose a general surrogate-based methodology for fast and reliable analysis and design optimization of power delivery networks (PDN). We first formulate a generic surrogate model methodology exploiting passive lumped models optimized by parameter extraction to fit PDN impedance profiles. This PDN modeling formulation is illustrated with industrial laboratory measurements of a 4th generation server CPU motherboard. We next propose a black box PDN surrogate modeling methodology for efficient and reliable power delivery design optimization. To build our black box PDN surrogate, we compare four metamodeling techniques: support vector machines, polynomial surrogate modeling, generalized regression neural networks, and Kriging. The resultant best metamodel is then used to enable fast and accurate optimization of the PDN performance. Two examples validate our surrogate-based optimization approach: a voltage regulator with dual power rail remote sensing intended for communications and storage applications, by finding optimal sensing resistors and loading conditions; and a multiphase voltage regulator from a 6th generation Intel® server motherboard, by finding optimal compensation settings to reduce the number of bulk capacitors without losing CPU performance.ITESO, A.C

Selecting Surrogate-Based Modeling Techniques for Power Integrity Analysis

In recent years, extensive usage of simulated power integrity (PI) models to predict the behavior of power delivery networks (PDN) on a chip has become more relevant. Predicting adequate performance against power consumption can yield to either cheap or costly design solutions. Since PI simulations including high-frequency effects are becoming more and more computationally complex and expensive, it is critical to develop reliable and fast models to understand system’s behavior to accelerate decision making during design stages. Hence, metamodeling techniques can help to overcome this challenge. In this work, a comparative study between different surrogate modeling techniques as applied to PI analysis is described. We model and analyze a PDN that includes two different power domains and a combination of remote sense resistors for communication and storage CPU applications. We aim at developing reliable and fast coarse models to make trade off decisions while complying with voltage levels and power consumption requirements

Optimizing Phase Settings of High-Frequency Voltage Regulators for Power Delivery Applications

Every new computer server introduced to the market aims at delivering the best tradeoff between performance and power consumption. This goal is crucial in the case of servers for cloud computing hardware infrastructure. In this context, power delivery (PD) experts are adopting higher frequency switching voltage regulators (VR) to reduce platform’s cost as well as total cost of ownership (TCO). Because of this fact, the real estate of components, such as voltage regulators and output inductors, is shrinking as VR frequency increases. As a consequence, achieving the best performance of the VR implies looking into phase shedding schemes, as well as EM coupled inductor design, among other techniques, to mitigate power losses. This paper focuses on the study of the best angle arrangement possible for high frequency VR applications, by exploring angle settings under light load scenarios, aiming to minimize VR’s power loss and output’s voltage ripple

Análisis sistémico de los riesgos de servicio y financiero en la cadena de abastecimiento

Based on a model developed trough system dynamics, which represents a supply chain, this paper aims to establish a systemic approach to service risk management and financial risk management, taking into account the decisions made from the operational area and its influence on the risk in different areas of the company.Partiendo de un modelo desarrollado por medio de la dinámica de sistemas, que representa una cadena de abastecimiento, este trabajo tiene como finalidad establecer una aproximación sistémica a la gestión de los riesgos de servicio y financiero, teniendo en cuenta la toma de decisiones desde el área operativa y su influencia sobre el riesgo en otras áreas de la empresa

Machine learning techniques and space mapping approaches to enhance signal and power integrity in high-speed links and power delivery networks

Enhancing signal integrity (SI) and reliability in modern computer platforms heavily depends on the post-silicon validation of high-speed input/output (HSIO) links, which implies a physical layer (PHY) tuning process where equalization techniques are employed. On the other hand, the interaction between SI and power delivery networks (PDN) is becoming crucial in the computer industry, imposing the need of computationally expensive models to also ensure power integrity (PI). In this paper, surrogate-based optimization (SBO) methods, including space mapping (SM), are applied to efficiently tune equalizers in HSIO links using lab measurements on industrial post-silicon validation platforms, speeding up the PHY tuning process while enhancing eye diagram margins. Two HSIO interfaces illustrate the proposed SBO/SM techniques: USB3 Gen 1 and SATA Gen 3. Additionally, a methodology based on parameter extraction is described to develop fast PDN lumped models for low-cost SI-PI co-simulation; a dual data rate (DDR) memory sub-system illustrates this methodology. Finally, we describe a surrogate modeling methodology for efficient PDN optimization, comparing several machine learning techniques; a PDN voltage regulator with dual power rail remote sensing illustrates this last methodology.ITESO, A.C

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Análisis sistémico de los riesgos de servicio y financiero en la cadena de abastecimiento

Based on a model developed trough system dynamics, which represents a supply chain, this paper aims to establish a systemic approach to service risk management and financial risk management, taking into account the decisions made from the operational area and its influence on the risk in different areas of the company.Partiendo de un modelo desarrollado por medio de la dinámica de sistemas, que representa una cadena de abastecimiento, este trabajo tiene como finalidad establecer una aproximación sistémica a la gestión de los riesgos de servicio y financiero, teniendo en cuenta la toma de decisiones desde el área operativa y su influencia sobre el riesgo en otras áreas de la empresa

Systemic Analysis Of Service And Financial Risks In A Supply Chain

Partiendo de un modelo desarrollado por medio de la dinámica de sistemas, que representa una cadena de abastecimiento, este trabajo tiene como finalidad establecer una aproximación sistémica a la gestión de los riesgos de servicio y financiero, teniendo en cuenta la toma de decisiones desde el área operativa y su influencia sobre el riesgo en otras áreas de la empresa.Based on a model developed trough system dynamics, which represents a supply chain, this paper aims to establish a systemic approach to service risk management and financial risk management, taking into account the decisions made from the operational area and its influence on the risk in different areas of the company

Industry-Oriented Research Projects on Computer-Aided Design of High-Frequency Circuits and Systems at ITESO Mexico

The Mexican Federal Government, through its National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, for its initials in Spanish), recently started a new initiative for encouraging the creation of high-quality industry-oriented graduate programs. In line to this initiative, ITESO – the Jesuit University of Guadalajara, Mexico, opened in 2013 an industry-oriented doctoral program in engineering sciences. In this paper, we briefly describe the main research production of this doctoral program in the area of computer-aided design techniques for RF and microwave modeling, design, and optimization of circuits and systems in industrial settings. We summarize the main recent contributions involving surrogate-based modeling and optimization as applied to post-silicon validation of high-speed computer interfaces, signal-integrity testing, power integrity enhancement, and low-cost high-speed interconnect multi-physical characterization. Research contributions validated on realistic industrial platforms in collaboration with high-tech companies are emphasized