La presa romana de Torretejada (Belalcázar, Córdoba)

With this paper we want to present a new rural Roman dam located at Torretejada (Belalcázar, Córdoba). We analyze briefly the Roman dams of this type known in the Iberian Peninsula and after we focus on the Torretejada dam as an example of the hydraulic infrastructure which go with the Peninsular Roman rural settlement. We offer too new data about the Roman settlement in the north of the province of Córdoba, a traditionally neglected zone in studies of this kind.Con este trabajo, queremos dar a conocer una presa romana situada en Torretejada (Belalcázar, Córdoba). Analizamos brevemente las presas de este tipo conocidas en la Península para centrarnos posteriormente en la de Torretejada como un ejemplo más de la infraestructura hidráulica que acompañó a la colonización agraria del ámbito rural peninsular. Ofrecemos, así mismo, nuevos datos acerca del poblamiento romano en el tradicionalmente olvidado sector Norte de la provincia de Córdoba

‘Framing’ and Arab World: the Spanish Press Coverage in the Tunisian Revolution

El presente trabajo analiza la cobertura periodística de la revolución tunecina (diciembre de 2010 – enero de 2011) a través de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Para lograrlo se han estudiado cuatro rotativos –ABC, El Mundo, El País y La Vanguardia–, profundizando en aspectos teóricos relativos al binomio framing-mundo araboislámico. Se ha comprobado que la experiencia democrática tunecina ha sido narrada desde la responsabilidad de sus actores (gobierno, ejército, manifestantes, etc.), el conflicto y el interés humano. Además, este acontecimiento supone un punto de inflexión que cierra el periodo previo marcado por el escaso interés informativo y tratamiento superficial.This work analyses the press coverage of the Tunisian revolution (December 2010 – January 2011) by means of a quantitative content analysis. In order to do so, four newspapers have been scrutinized – ABC, El Mundo, El País and La Vanguardia – focusing on theoretical aspects related to the framing-arabislamic world pairing. The research carried out confirms that Tunisian democratic experience has been related form the point of view of its actors’ responsibility (government, army, demonstrators, etc.), conflict and human interest. Moreover, this event stands as a turning point and puts an end to a previous period of little informative interest and superficial treatment

Bazedoxifeno y osteoporosis: revisión sistemática

Antecedentes: La osteoporosis se caracteriza por un deterioro de la microarquitectura ósea que pone al hueso en riesgo de sufrir fracturas. El bazedoxifeno es un modulador selectivo de los receptores estrogénicos de tercera generación que ha sido aprobado para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis postmenopáusica. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia del bazedoxifeno en la prevención primaria y secundaria de las fracturas osteoporóticas en las mujeres postmenopáusicas. Estrategia de búsqueda: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, registros de ensayos clínicos y libros de resúmenes para obtener ensayos controlados aleatorios publicados entre 2000 y 2011. Criterios de selección: Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados dirigidos tanto a la prevención primaria como secundaria de la osteoporosis. Se seleccionaron estudios que comparasen mujeres que recibían bazedoxifeno frente a otros fármacos para la osteoporosis o placebo. Recopilación y análisis de datos: La selección de estudios y la extracción de los datos fueron realizados por dos investigadores a la vez. Se realizó un meta-análisis de los resultados de fractura y de los efectos secundarios, estableciéndose el riesgo relativo. La calidad de los estudios se valoró en base a los criterios propuestos por la colaboración Cochrane. Resultados principales: Se incluyeron cinco ensayos en la revisión (13.543 pacientes): 3 sobre prevención primaria (5.622) y 2 sobre prevención secundaria (7.921). Sólo los estudios sobre prevención secundaria valoraban las fracturas como objetivo principal. Comparado con placebo, bazedoxifeno redujo el número de nuevas fracturas vertebrales detectadas en el seguimiento a tres años en mujeres con osteoporosis: con dosis de 20 mg, el número de pacientes necesario tratar (NNT) fue 56 (IC 95%, 34-146), y a dosis de 40 mg el NNT fue 63 (IC 95%, 37-231). En el meta-análisis el riesgo relativo frente a placebo fue de 0,59 (IC 95%, 0,44-0,79). No hubo diferencias en el número de fracturas vertebrales sintomáticas ni en el número de fracturas no vertebrales en los análisis previstos al inicio del estudio. No encontramos datos publicados sobre el efecto de bazedoxifeno en el número de fracturas en profilaxis primaria. Para los efectos adversos, el meta-análisis no confirmó el aumento del riesgo de trombosis venosa profunda que mostraba el estudio de referencia (RR: 8,53). Sí hubo un aumento de episodios de rubor (RR: 1,88) o calambres musculares (RR: 1,32). No se observó una reducción de la incidencia de cáncer de mama o un aumento del cáncer de endometrio o de la hiperplasia endometrial con el tratamiento con bazedoxifeno frente a placebo. Conclusiones de los autores: El bazedoxifeno es un fármaco eficaz en la reducción del riesgo de fracturas vertebrales no sintomáticas en profilaxis secundaria. Además ha demostrado reducir la pérdida de densidad mineral ósea y frenar el remodelado óseo en la prevención primaria y secundaria de la osteoporosis. Son necesarios nuevos estudios que analicen el riesgo de fracturas no vertebrales y que comparen al fármaco frente a otros preparados de primera línea para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis para poder conocer la verdadera potencia de su efecto antifracturario

Origin and Development of the "Mileurista" Phenomenon in Spain: Case of "El País" (20/05/2011)

En el año 2005 se publicó por primera vez el término mileurista en el diario El País. Desde entonces, este neologismo se ha extendido y se ha generalizado entre la sociedad española. A través del siguiente trabajo seguimos el ciclo de vida de dicho término en este medio de comunicación y presentamos el perfil del mileurista, que se cotejará con la información procedente de instituciones oficiales con la finalidad de estudiar su evolución, tratamiento y representación. Del mismo modo nuestro objetivo consiste en establecer una serie de paradigmas que revelen las características de este fenómeno social made in Spain.In 2005 the term ‘mileurista’ (worker earning 1.000 euros a month) was published for the first time in the daily paper ‘El País’. Since then, this new term has spread and become generally used within Spanish society. In the following study we follow the life cycle of this term in this means of communication and we present a profile of the ‘mileurista’, which will be compared with the information from official institutions with the aim of studying its evolution, treatment and representation. In the same way our objective consist of establishing a series of paradigms which reveale the characteristics of this social phenomenon which has been ‘made in Spain’

INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton observations towards the unidentified MeV source GRO J1411-64

The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL, and its central part, also by XMM-Newton. The data analysis shows no hint for new detections at hard X-rays. The upper limits in flux herein presented constrain the energy spectrum of whatever was producing GRO J1411-64, imposing, in the framework of earlier COMPTEL observations, the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300-700 keV for the so-called low state. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4$\sigma$ location error of GRO J1411-64, but can be safely excluded as the possible counterpart: the extrapolation of the energy spectrum is well below the one for GRO J1411-64 at MeV energies. 22 significant sources (likelihood $> 10$) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. The unique peak of the power output at high energies (hard X-rays and gamma-rays) resembles that found in the SED seen in blazars or microquasars. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons which radiate through synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering with star, disk, corona and synchrotron photons shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, which is discussed in some detail

FOLMO: first order logic in Moodle

La Lógica, dirigida a estudiantes universitarios de Ingeniería, aporta al alumno una visión razonada del aprendizaje basada en la formalización del conocimiento y en la automatización de distintas formas del razonamiento humano [6]. Con el objetivo de potenciar su aprendizaje nace First Order Logic in Moodle (FOLMO), un software de fácil integración con Moodle que permite el trabajo autónomo del alumno mediante la realización de ejercicios propuestos por el profesor.Peer Reviewe

Association between QRS duration and obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and prolonged QRS duration are associated with hypertension, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. However, possible links between QRS duration and OSA have not been explored. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 221 patients who underwent polysomnography at our center. Demographics, cardiovascular risk factors and ECG were collected to explore a relationship between OSA and QRS duration. RESULTS: The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was positively correlated with QRS duration (r = 0.141, p = 0.03). Patients were divided into 3 groups: AHI \u3c 5 (61), AHI 5-29 (104), and AHI \u3e 30 (55). The mean QRS duration prolonged significantly as OSA worsened (AHI \u3c 5, 85 ± 9.5; AHI 5-29, 89 ± 11.9; and AHI \u3e 30, 95 ± 19.9 ms, p = 0.001). QRS ≥ 100 ms was present in 12.7% of patients with severe OSA compared with 0% in the rest of the sample (p \u3c 0.0001). After adjustment for age, race, and cardiovascular risk factors, this association remained significant in women but not in men. CONCLUSION: QRS duration and OSA were significantly associated. Severity of OSA independently predicted prolonged QRS in women but not men. Nevertheless, prolongation of QRS duration in either sex may potentiate arrhythmic risks associated with OSA

INTEGRAL/XMM views on the MeV source GRO J1411-64

The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4$\sigma$ location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically significant sources (likelihood $> 10$) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6 -635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source, detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300-700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by a similar scenario. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, what is discussed here.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, as proceedings of "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources", Barcelona, July 4-7, 2006, J. M. Paredes, O. Reimer, and D. F. Torres, editor

Preparation of palladium-supported periodic mesoporous organosilicas and their use as catalysts in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction

Three periodic mesoporous materials, i.e., two organosilicas with either ethylene or phenylene bridges and one silica, have been used as supports for Pd nanoparticles. All Pd-supported samples (1.0 wt%) were prepared by the incipient wetness method and subsequently reduced in an H2 stream at 200 °C. Both hydrogen chemisorption and temperature programmed reduction experiments revealed significant differences depending on the support. Pd2+ species were more reducible on the mesoporous organosilicas than on their silica counterpart. Also, remarkable differences on the particle morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy. All Pd-supported samples were active in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid

Adiposity has differing associations with incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Scottish population: cross-sectional surveys with follow-up

Objective: Investigation of the association of excess adiposity with three different outcomes: all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident CHD. Design: Cross-sectional surveys linked to hospital admissions and death records. Subjects: 19 329 adults (aged 18–86 years) from a representative sample of the Scottish population. Measurements: Gender-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality, CHD mortality and incident CHD. Separate models incorporating the anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist–hip ratio (WHR) were created adjusted for age, year of survey, smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results: For both genders, BMI-defined obesity (greater than or equal to30 kg m−2) was not associated with either an increased risk of all-cause mortality or CHD mortality. However, there was an increased risk of incident CHD among the obese men (hazard ratio (HR)=1.78; 95% confidence interval=1.37–2.31) and obese women (HR=1.93; 95% confidence interval=1.44–2.59). There was a similar pattern for WC with regard to the three outcomes; for incident CHD, the HR=1.70 (1.35–2.14) for men and 1.71 (1.28–2.29) for women in the highest WC category (men greater than or equal to102 cm, women greater than or equal to88 cm), synonymous with abdominal obesity. For men, the highest category of WHR (greater than or equal to1.0) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.29; 1.04–1.60) and incident CHD (1.55; 1.19–2.01). Among women with a high WHR (greater than or equal to0.85) there was an increased risk of all outcomes: all-cause mortality (1.56; 1.26–1.94), CHD mortality (2.49; 1.36–4.56) and incident CHD (1.76; 1.31–2.38). Conclusions: In this study excess adiposity was associated with an increased risk of incident CHD but not necessarily death. One possibility is that modern medical intervention has contributed to improved survival of first CHD events. The future health burden of increased obesity levels may manifest as an increase in the prevalence of individuals living with CHD and its consequences