Comunicación médico-paciente, afrontamiento, actitudes y miedo ante la muerte en población general

Introducción. La problemática de la muerte sigue vigente en nuestros días en los que vivimos desligados de ella, temiendo y haciendo tabú dicho proceso. Se pretende saber el nivel de información sobre el final de vida que los sujetos poseen, así como intentar relacionar el dicho nivel de información con la satisfacción medico-paciente además de ver las diferencias entre sexos de las variables actitudes, miedo y afrontamiento de la muerte.Método. Se utilizarán el Perfil Actitudes ante la Muerte-Revisado, el Cuestionario Relación Médico-Paciente, la Escala de Afrontamiento de la Muerte y la Escala Miedo a la Muerte de Collette-Lester y un pequeño cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. En el presente estudio comparativo, se ha analizado un total de 60 sujetos, 17 hombres y 43 mujeres a fin de apreciar diferencias entre los diferentes instrumentos utilizados, filtrando por sexo y edad. Resultados. Los participantes muestran un afrontamiento medio de 133.60, las principales actitudes son Aceptación de Acercamiento, Aceptación Neutral y Miedo a la Muerte, lo que más temen es la Muerte de Otros, el Proceso de Morir de Otros y el Tu Propio Proceso de Morir. Discusión. Los resultados son en parte parejos a los dados por otros autores, se considera que la información de los sujetos es escasa y que se debe apostar por iniciativas que acercan más a la población a reflexionar en la muerte.Introduction. Nowadays the death problematic is valid. We live disconnected from it, fearing it and making it taboo. It is intended to know the level of information about the end of life that the subjects have, as well as to try to relate the said level of information with the doctor-patient satisfaction in addition to seeing the differences between the sexes of the variables attitudes, fear and coping with death. Method. The Revised Profile of Attitudes towards Death-, the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire, the Coping with Death Scale and the Collette-Lester Fear of Death Scale and a small questionnaire with open questions will be used. In this comparative study, a total of 60 subjects, 17 men and 43 women, have been analyzed in order to appreciate differences between the different instruments used, filtering by sex and age. Results. The participants show an average coping of 133.40, the main attitudes are Approach Acceptance, Neutral Acceptance and Fear of Death, what they fear the most is the Death of Others, the Dying Process of Others and The Own Dying Process. Discussion. The results are in part similar to those given by other authors, it is considered that the information of the subjects is scarce and that it is necessary to bet on initiatives that bring the population closer to reflecting on death

Mapping Protective Performance of Social Network Types on Health and Quality of Life in Older People in European Regions

Objectives: To identify social network profiles using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), to study the relationships of these profiles with health markers, mental health, quality of life, and cognitive functioning, and to compare profiles across European regions. Methods: 27,272 participants from the Wave 8 of the SHARE project, aged 65 or older (M = 74.95, SD = 7.17) from Europe. Statistical analyses included LPAs followed by MANOVAs to compare the profiles and the health markers. Results: Five profiles were identified: family, friends, spouse, diverse, and others. A no network group was also added. The prevalence of the specific profiles differed across European regions. Individuals with no network and those categorized into the others profile presented the worst health outcomes. Discussion: The "friends" network is more protective toward cognitive functioning and physical health and the "spouse" and "family" ones are more protective toward mental health. The variability according to European regions is discussed

Synthesis of 5-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones by coupling of organozinc reagents with cyclic N-acyliminium ions

En el presente trabajo se describe un procedimiento simple y fácil para la preparación de pirrolidinonas 5-sustituidas a partir de un acoplamiento entre iones N-aciliminio y reactivos organometálicos derivados de zincA coupling reaction between cyclic N-acyliminium ions with organozinc reagents is described. The cyclic N-acyliminium ions, generated in situ from N-substituted-5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinones by treatment with BF3-etherate or titanium tetrachloride, were trapped by the organozinc reagent, formed by the alkylbromide in the presence of zinc in the same reaction media. The N-substituted 5-allyl-2-pyrrolidinones generated using this method, serves as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of azabicyclic systems with indolizidine and pyrroloazepinolizidine cores

El silenciamiento de la proteína priónica celular (PrPC) mediante RNA de interferencia (siRNA) reduce la infección por HSV-1 y HSV-2 en células SK-SY5Y

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative and fatal diseases, affecting humans and some other animal species. The most accepted hypothesis suggests that the infectious agent, named “prion”, is composed mainly by the prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) and it corresponds to an abnormal conformation of a host encoded protein, the cellular prion protein (PrPC), which function is still unknown. However, the ubiquitous expression of PrPC and its highly conserved presence among different species suggests it has a very important role in cell functions. In this work, the PrPC in different cell types, including a primary fish cell culture (Oreochromis spp.), was detected. In addition, based on the human PrPC sequence, we designed a short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the PRNP gen in neuronal SK-SY5Y cells. The designed siRNA inhibited the PrPC expression along 96 hours posttransfection and the silenced cells were less susceptible to HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, in comparison to non siRNA-transfected cells.Las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles (EETs) son enfermedades neurodegenerativas fatales que afectan a humanos y ciertas especies animales. La hipótesis más aceptada indica que el agente infeccioso, denotado como prion y compuesto principalmente por la Proteína Priónica Scrapie (PrPSc), corresponde a una conformación anormal de una proteína codificada por el huésped denominada Proteína Priónica Celular (PrPC), cuya función es aún desconocida; sin embargo, la expresión ubicua de PrPC así como su elevado grado de conservación entre especies, sugieren un papel importante para esta proteína. En este trabajo se detectó a la PrPC en diferentes tipos celulares incluyendo un cultivo primario de células de peces (Tilapia, Oreochromis spp.). Además, basándonos en la secuencia de la PrPC humana, se diseñó un RNA de interferencia (siRNA) con el fin de silenciar el gen PRNP en células neuronales SK-SY5Y. El siRNA diseñado inhibió la expresión de PrPC a lo largo de las 96 h post-transfección y las células silenciadas fueron menos susceptibles a la infección por HSV-1 y HSV-2, en comparación con células no transfectadas con el siRNA

Method Effects Associated to Item Valence: Evidence From the 10-Item Big-Five Inventory in Older Adults

The objective of this study is to analyze the factor structure of the BFI-10 considering item valence effects when applied to measure older adults. Likewise, this study aims to estimate the factorial structure, internal consistency of the scale, to assess the nomological validity, and the association of the Big Five traits with age. 75,078 participants with mean age of 68.27 from the 7th Wave of the SHARE study were included. Confirmatory Factor Analyses, omega coefficients and Pearson correlations were estimated. The best-fit model identified a five-factor structure with two valence effects, internal consistency ranged from .26 to .64, the nomological network showed that loneliness is negatively associated to neuroticism and positively with the other four traits, and the opposite direction in the associations with the five traits and satisfaction and quality of life. Consciousness, Extraversion and Openness have been found as dimensions that tend to decrease with age

Psychometric properties of the EURO-D scale of depressive symptomatology: Evidence from SHARE wave 8

Background The EURO-D is a short scale to measure symptoms of depression, very used in large population surveys. Although there are numerous validation studies, its psychometric properties remain unclear. The two-factor structure (Affective Suffering and Lack of Motivation) is replicated in several studies but with different item compositions, and none reported reliability indices for both factors. For that reason, the aim of this study is to examine the factorial validity of the scale, the reliability of the dimensions, the gender differential item functioning (DIF), and the nomological validity. Methods 46,317 participants aged 50 and over (M = 71.33), from which 57.4 % were females, in Wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were included. Instruments: EURO-D, R-UCLA, Self-perceived health index, and indicator of taking drugs for anxiety or depression. Factor Analyses, DIF, Reliability Index and Spearman correlations were estimated. Results Factor analysis identified a bifactor structure: a general factor of Depression and two specific factors of Affective Suffering and Lack of Motivation, which reliabilities were 0.83, 0.83 and 0.79 respectively. No relevant DIF item by gender was found, but higher scores were found in women in all factors. Both factors had positive relations with loneliness, taking drugs and self-perceived health. Limitations this study has a cross-sectional design; future research may consider the longitudinal stability of the scale. Conclusions EURO-D shows adequate psychometric properties when a general factor of depression and two specific factors are considered. Women have higher scores on all dimensions

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Desarrollo de Proyectos Internacionales es un curso integrador que recoge las competencias y capacidades adquiridas por el estudiante en la línea operativa y comercial y le proporciona las herramientas y la estructura lógica e idónea para analizar, identificar, formular, desarrollar y evaluar un proyecto innovador de negocios internacionales, en cualquiera de sus modalidades. El curso le permite al estudiante contrastar la teoría con la práctica, al tener que aplicar los diferentes conceptos y herramientas teóricas en el contexto real de los mercados internacionales

Calidad de la atención prenatal según usuarias de la Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar Puerto de La Libertad Mayo a Julio 2016

Se muestra la estimación de la calidad de la atención prenatal en la Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar Especializada de El Puerto de La Libertad (en adelante UCSFE PLL), utilizando el modelo SERVQUAL modificado a servicios de salud con el propósito de contribuir a la disminución de la mortalidad materna en dicho municipio. Se ha llevado a cabo este estudio con el cuestionario que está constituido por 44 ítems, siendo 22 ítems correspondientes a expectativas y 22 ítems a percepciones, con una escala de 1 a 7 diseñada para comprender el grado de expectativas y percepciones de las usuarias respecto a la calidad del servicio en base a cinco dimensiones: fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad, empatía y elementos tangibles. Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio simple, con un tamaño muestral de 45 encuestas para un nivel de confianza del 95%. El análisis de datos muestra que las dimensiones que presentaron insatisfacción por parte de las usuarias fueron: Fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta y seguridad, de las cuales la dimensión de capacidad de respuesta presentó mayor insatisfacción, siendo el tiempo de espera de atención el peor evaluado. Por otra parte, las dimensiones que fueron muy satisfactorias para las usuarias corresponden a la empatía y tangibilidad

Uso del isótopo ¹⁴C como trazador de fuentes de emisión de CO₂

En la ciudad de México, se capturó CO₂ atmosférico para determinar la concentración de ¹⁴C. Se utilizó una solución alcalina para transportar los átomos de C provenientes del CO₂ atmosférico como material carbonoso, para luego procesarlos hasta extraerlos como grafito, y analizarlos mediante la técnica de Espectrometría de Masas Aceleradora (AMS) para determinar la concentración de ¹⁴C. Fue posible determinar la concentración de CO₂ en ppm y su contenido de ¹⁴C como una fracción del carbono moderno (ƒM). Esto se realizó en diciembre de 2019, durante la temporada seca y fría en un período de 37 días.In Mexico City, atmospheric CO₂ was captured to determine the concentration of ¹⁴C. An alkaline solution was used to transport the C atoms from atmospheric CO₂ as carbonaceous material, to then process them until they were extracted as graphite, and analyzed using the Accelerating Mass Spectrometry (AMS) technique to determine the concentration of ¹⁴C. It was possible to determine the CO₂ concentration in ppm and its ¹⁴C content as a fraction of modern carbon (ƒM). These were carried out in December 2019, during the dry and cold season in a period of 37 days

Can Cities Reduce Global Warming?: Urban Development and the Carbon Cycle in Latin America

This report includes case studies on urban development and the carbon cycle in the Americas. The authors intend to demonstrate the consequences of different pathways of urban development on the carbon cycle, and identify points of management and intervention aimed at designing less-carbon intensive development