La caligrafía expresiva en el desarrollo de la creatividad gráfica

Este proyecto de investigación responde a la pregunta ¿Cuál es la incidencia de la enseñanza de la caligrafía expresiva en la creatividad gráfica en las niños de tercero de básica primaria en la institución educativa Boyacá? Tiene como objetivo general determinar la incidencia de la enseñanza de la caligrafía expresiva en el desarrollo de la creatividad gráfica por medio de talleres caligráficos en las niñas de grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Boyacá. Se fundamenta teóricamente mediante los aportes de Romero, Mediavilla en cuanto a la caligrafía expresiva, Guilford y Torrance además de otros autores desde la creatividad gráfica e imaginación. Este proyecto tiene como objetivos específicos; evaluar el desempeño inicial en la caligrafía, en las niñas de grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Boyacá, aplicar una secuencia didáctica en torno a la caligrafía expresiva, valorar el desempeño adquirido en la caligrafía a finalizar el del proceso y analizar los resultados obtenidos en la investigación. Con una metodología desarrollada a través de la implementación de una secuencia didáctica basada en la enseñanza de la caligrafía expresiva, conformada por nueve talleres, donde se explicitaron: tipos de trazos básicos, trazos ascendentes y descendentes, experimentación con letra itálica, ritmos y secuencias, superposición de trazos, contraste de color y estilos de letra. Los resultados que esta investigación arroja permite analizar que la caligrafía expresiva ayuda a las estudiantes desarrollar su imaginación mejorando notablemente la capacidad de crear algo diferente, partiendo de lo conocido. Finalmente este proyecto presenta las conclusiones que validan la secuencia didáctica, y recomendaciones para próximas investigaciones

Relationship between elements and score in floor exercise, in Artistic Gymnastic, in the Beijing 2008 Olympics Games

En la Gimnasia Artística, el rendimiento viene determinado por la ejecución de una serie de movimientos con base en un modelo establecido y recogido en el Código de Puntuación. Con base en esto, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es determinar si el número y nivel de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo predice e influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo con una metodología observacional, en el cual se analizan 16 ejercicios de suelo de los 16 gimnastas clasificados para la final individual de suelo de Gimnasia Artística Femenina y Masculina en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008. Los resultados concluyen que el número de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo no predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Los resultados muestran también que el nivel de dificultad tampoco predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta, excepto en el caso del Nivel E.In Artistic Gymnastics, the performance is determined by the execution of a series of movements based on a model established and gathered in the Code of Punctuation Therefore, the aim of this research is to study if the number and level of difficulty composing all diagonals executed in floor exercise predicts and influences in a positive way the final punctuation of the gymnast. For this, a descriptive study was conducted with an observation method, in which 16 floor exercises of 16 gymnasts qualified for the individual final of floor were analyzed in Artistic Gymnastics in the Olympic Games of Peking 2008. The study conclude that the number of difficulties composing all diagonals executed in a floor exercise neither predicts nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast. The results shows that the difficulty level does not predict either nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast, except in case of the Level E.peerReviewe

Assessment of the level of muscular strength and volume in physically active English adults

The aim of this study is to describe the muscular volume and strength of different body segments from a sample of 19 English male participants, with a mean age of 43.84 (±11.62). An isometric dynamometer (Standard type S) has been used for the strength measurements, as well as an isokinetic device (Cibex Norm, Ronkonkama, New York, U.S.A.) and a M.R.I scanner (Esaote G-Scan biomedical, Milan, Italy) for measuring the muscular volume. The Baecke Questionnaire (1982) helped to determine the participants habitual level of physical activity. The results reveal an inverse relationship between age and isometric strength of the biceps muscle (r=-0.518; p<0.05). In addition, there exists a correlation between the handgrip of the right hand and the left hand (r=0.788; p<0.001); torque of the knee extensor muscles and the ankle extensor muscles (r=0.712; p<0.01); time of torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles (r=0.773; p<0.001) volume of the biceps and triceps muscles (r=0.849; p<0.001), as well as several correlations between the different volumes of the quadriceps muscles. As a conclusion, age has a negative influence on the production of isometric strength of the biceps muscle, but not of the knee extensor muscles. As expected, the antagonistic muscle groups actuating around the knee, i.e. the extensor and flexor groups seem to be adapted to each other in terms of volume, strength and rate of force development

Demographic trends of a reintroduced Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica victoriae population in Central Spain

One reintroduced population of Iberian ibex was monitored between 2000 and 2007 in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain) using the distance sampling method. The densities obtained from three samplings show a significant increase between 2000 (6.57 ind./km2 ) and 2007 (33.16 ind./km2 ) despite a range extension. After an initial period of balance, the sex ratio became unbalanced over time in favor of females. The age pyramid also changed after a dramatic population increase. The birth rate oscillated at relatively high values for the species (0.69–0.99 kids/female). The group size reduced significantly over time. Females with kids dispersed from the release area significantly less than males and mixed groups

TROPHIC AND REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF A NEOTROPICAL CHARACID FISH HEMIBRYCON BREVISPINI (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIFORMES)

Hemibrycon brevispini is a Neotropical characid fish endemic in La Venada Creek, a headwater tributary of the Quindío River of Colombia (Cauca River drainage). It is mainly a diurnal insectivore with a diet dominated by benthic dipterans (Chironomidae, Simuliidae, Psychodidae, Culicidae, Calliphoridae, Dixidae and Muscidae), hymenopterans (Formicidae and Vespidae) and ephemeropterans (Baetidae), as well as allochthonous prey and items eaten accidentally. Microhabitats of mountain streams with lower water velocity tend to have more riparian vegetation and the associated terrestrial arthropods that are consumed by H. brevispini. It has three peaks in reproduction: December, April and August. Average fecundity was 776 mature oocytes per female

How to deal with Haplotype data: An Extension to the Conceptual Schema of the Human Genome

[EN] The goal of this work is to describe the advantages of the application of Conceptual Modeling (CM) in complex domains, such as genomics. Nowadays, the study and comprehension of the human genome is a major challenge due to its high level of complexity. The constant evolution in the genomic domain contributes to the generation of ever larger amounts of new data, which means that if we do not manage it correctly data quality could be compromised (i.e., problems related with heterogeneity and inconsistent data). In this paper, we propose the use of a Conceptual Schema of the Human Genome (CSHG), designed to understand and improve our ontological commitment to the domain and also extend (enrich) this schema with the integration of a novel concept: Haplotypes. Our focus is on improving the understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype, since new findings show that this question is more complex than was originally thought. Here we present the first steps in our data management approach with haplotypes (variations, frequencies and populations) and discuss the database evolution to support this data. Each new version in our conceptual schema (CS) introduces changes to the underlying database structure that has essential and practical implications for better understanding and managing the relevant information. A solution based on conceptual models gives a clear definition of the domain with direct implications in the medical field (Precision Medicine), in which Genomic Information Systems (GeIS) play a very important role.[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las ventajas de la aplicación del Modelado Conceptual (MC) en dominios complejos, como la genómica. Hoy en día, el estudio y comprensión del genoma humano es un desafío importante debido a su alto nivel de complejidad. La constante evolución en el dominio genómico contribuye a la generación de grandes cantidades de datos nuevos, lo que significa que, si no lo gestionamos correctamente, la calidad de los mismos podría verse comprometida (por ejemplo: problemas relacionados con la heterogeneidad e inconsistencia de datos). En este trabajo se propone el uso de un Esquema Conceptual del Genoma Humano (ECGH), diseñado para comprender y mejorar nuestro compromiso ontológico con el dominio y extender este esquema con la integración de un nuevo concepto: Haplotipos. Nuestro objetivo es mejorar la comprensión de la relación entre genotipo-y-fenotipo, ya que los nuevos hallazgos muestran que este tema es mucho más complejo de lo que se pensaba originalmente. Aquí presentamos los primeros pasos en nuestro enfoque de gestión de datos haplotípicos (variaciones, frecuencias y poblaciones) y discutimos la evolución de la base de datos para apoyar dichos datos. Cada nueva versión de nuestro esquema conceptual (EC) introduce cambios en la estructura de la base de datos subyacente, que tiene implicaciones esenciales y prácticas con el fin de facilitar una mejor comprensión y gestión de la información relevante. Una solución basada en modelos conceptuales brinda una definición más clara del dominio con implicaciones directas en el campo médico (Medicina de precisión), en la que los Sistemas de Información Genómicos (GeIS) desempeñan un papel muy importante.The authors thanks to the members of the PROS Center Genome group for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology (MESCyT) of the Dominican Republic, and It also has the support of Generalitat Valenciana through project IDEO (PROMETEOII/2014/039)Reyes Román, JF.; Pastor López, O.; Roldán Martínez, D.; Valverde Giromé, F. (2016). How to deal with Haplotype data: An Extension to the Conceptual Schema of the Human Genome. CLEI Electronic Journal. 19(3):1-21. https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.19.3.2S12119

Simplifying the mosaic description of DNA sequences

By using the Jensen-Shannon divergence, genomic DNA can be divided into compositionally distinct domains through a standard recursive segmentation procedure. Each domain, while significantly different from its neighbours, may however share compositional similarity with one or more distant (non--neighbouring) domains. We thus obtain a coarse--grained description of the given DNA string in terms of a smaller set of distinct domain labels. This yields a minimal domain description of a given DNA sequence, significantly reducing its organizational complexity. This procedure gives a new means of evaluating genomic complexity as one examines organisms ranging from bacteria to human. The mosaic organization of DNA sequences could have originated from the insertion of fragments of one genome (the parasite) inside another (the host), and we present numerical experiments that are suggestive of this scenario.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

¿Cómo resignifica sus experiencias una víctima del conflicto armado colombiano a partir de sus sueños?

Este artículo presenta un acercamiento a los sueños como herramienta de autoconocimiento, y su relación con la capacidad de resignificar ciertos eventos de la vida. Se precisa desde las experiencias de una víctima del conflicto armado colombiano, por medio de un estudio de caso. Se vislumbra el andamiaje del conflicto armado en Colombia; se precisa en los fenómenos oníricos como proceso psíquico y representación simbólica que permite la exteriorización de la información inconsciente. Y finalmente, se concreta la importancia de la resignificación como entrada de entendimiento y reparación del significado, y las características comunes contenidas en las experiencias oníricas del caso estudiado

Driven progressive evolution of genome sequence complexity in Cyanobacteria

Progressive evolution, or the tendency towards increasing complexity, is a controversial issue in biology, which resolution entails a proper measurement of complexity. Genomes are the best entities to address this challenge, as they encode the historical information of a species’ biotic and environmental interactions. As a case study, we have measured genome sequence complexity in the ancient phylum Cyanobacteria. To arrive at an appropriate measure of genome sequence complexity, we have chosen metrics that do not decipher biological functionality but that show strong phylogenetic signal. Using a ridge regression of those metrics against root-to-tip distance, we detected positive trends towards higher complexity in three of them. Lastly, we applied three standard tests to detect if progressive evolution is passive or driven—the minimum, ancestor– descendant, and sub-clade tests. These results provide evidence for driven progressive evolution at the genome-level in the phylum Cyanobacteria.Generalitat Valenciana Prometeo/2018/A/133European Union (EU)Fulbright fellowship (Spanish Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities)SAF2015-65878-RAGL2017-88702-C2-2-RPGC2018-099344-B-I0

New stopping criteria for segmenting DNA sequences

We propose a solution on the stopping criterion in segmenting inhomogeneous DNA sequences with complex statistical patterns. This new stopping criterion is based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) in the model selection framework. When this stopping criterion is applied to a left telomere sequence of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the complete genome sequence of bacterium Escherichia coli, borders of biologically meaningful units were identified (e.g. subtelomeric units, replication origin, and replication terminus), and a more reasonable number of domains was obtained. We also introduce a measure called segmentation strength which can be used to control the delineation of large domains. The relationship between the average domain size and the threshold of segmentation strength is determined for several genome sequences.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Physical Review Letters, to appea