53 research outputs found
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE AERIAL PART OF BLUMEA ERIANTHA DC
Objective: Objective of the present study was to carry out in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extract of aerial part of the Blumea eriantha DC belonging to family Asteraceae.Methods: The shade dried aerial part of B. eriantha (0.5 kg) was powdered and extracted with methanol (1.5 x 3L) at room temperature (24h x 3). After filtration combined all the three extracts and were concentrated on rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at 40 ðC, thereby providing crude methanol extract which was subsequently employed for further studies. Anti-inflammatory effect was studied by carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats at dose level 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Acute oral toxicity study and in vitro antioxidant potential of the extract was also studied. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extract of aerial part of Blumea eriantha DC was evaluated against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicalscavenging and reducing power assays.Results: The results indicate that methanol extract of Blumea eriantha (BEME, 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.001) of increase in paw edema at 5th h. IC50 value of BEME showed significant antioxidant activity. The extract exhibits promising free radical scavenging effect of DPPH, H2O2, OH and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner up to 100Ôg/ml concentration while the reference standard Ascorbic acid demonstrated more scavenging potential than the methanol extract of Blumea eriantha The methanol extract was found to be safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of the experimental study confirmed that methanol extract of Blumea eriantha DC possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
Développement d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de l'exposition réelle des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques
The work presented in the thesis is directed towards addressing the requirement for determining the radio frequency (RF) exposure due to mobile phones under typical usage/ real-life scenarios and also to develop a method to predict and compare mobile phones for their real-life RF exposure. The mobile phones are characterized for their specific absorption rate (SAR) and for transmit and receive performance given by the over-the-air (OTA) characterization. Using the SAR and the total radiated power (TRP) characterization, an exposure index referred to as the SAROTA index was previously proposed to predict the real-life exposure due to mobile phones which would also serve as a metric to compare individual phones. In order to experimentally determine the real-life RF exposure, various software modified phones (SMP) are utilized for the study. These phones contain an embedded software capable of recording the network parameters. The study is undertaken in the following order: (a) Characterization of the available tools and resources for performing targeted measurements/experiments, (b) identifying the important radio resource parameters and metrics to perform the targeted measurements, (c) investigation of the actual implementation of the power control mechanism in a live network for various received signal level and received quality environments, (d) investigating the correlation of the over-the-air performance of the mobile phones and the extent of actual power control realization, (e) comparing the actual exposure and the real-life exposure as predicted by the SAROTA index. Based on the logistical and technical challenges encountered, the experiments were restricted to indoor environments to enable repeatability. During the first phase of the study, the stability of the indoor environment was evaluated. During the second phase, the influence of hand phantom on the SAR and TRP of the mobile phones and the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure was investigated. Further developing on the insights from the hand phantom experiments, in the third phase, a set of identical software modified phones were externally modified to alter the TRP performance and the methodology to determine the real-life exposure and also verify the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure levels was investigated. The experiments demonstrate that the SAROTA index is capable of predicting the real-life exposure and comparing the mobile phones.Le travail prĂ©sentĂ© dans cette thĂšse a pour objectif lâĂ©tude des conditions nĂ©cessaires pour Ă©valuer l'exposition radio frĂ©quence (RF) due aux tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles dans un scenario dâutilisation rĂ©elle et le dĂ©veloppement dâune mĂ©thodologie permettant de prĂ©dire et de comparer les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles en fonction de leurs expositions RF rĂ©elles. Les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par leur dĂ©bit d'absorption spĂ©cifique (DAS) et leur performance en Ă©mission et en rĂ©ception (over-the-air, OTA). En utilisant le DAS et la puissance totale rayonnĂ©e (PTR), un indice d'exposition appelĂ©e l'indice SAROTA a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© prĂ©cĂ©demment afin de prĂ©voir l'exposition rĂ©elle des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles. Lâindice SAROTA sert ainsi de mĂ©trique permettant de comparer les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles. Afin de dĂ©terminer expĂ©rimentalement lâexposition rĂ©elle aux RF, plusieurs tĂ©lĂ©phones avec des modifications logicielles permettant dâenregistrer les paramĂštres du rĂ©seau, sont utilisĂ©s pour lâĂ©tude qui est menĂ©e comme suit : (a) caractĂ©risation des outils et des ressources disponibles pour effectuer des mesures ciblĂ©es, (b) identification des ressources radio et des paramĂštres importants pour effectuer ces mesures, (c) Ă©tude de la mise en Ćuvre effective du mĂ©canisme de contrĂŽle de puissance observĂ© dans un rĂ©seau mobile rĂ©el pour diffĂ©rents niveaux et de qualitĂ©s du signal reçus, (d) Ă©tude de la corrĂ©lation entre la performance OTA des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles et lâĂ©tendue effective du contrĂŽle de puissance appliquĂ©e par le rĂ©seau, (e) comparaison entre la valeur rĂ©elle de lâexposition et la valeur prĂ©dite en utilisant lâindice SAROTA. Comme les dĂ©fis logistiques et techniques sont plus difficiles Ă surmonter pour les mesures dans un environnement multi-trajets extĂ©rieur, les expĂ©riences ont Ă©tĂ© limitĂ©es Ă des environnements intĂ©rieurs pour assurer une meilleure rĂ©pĂ©tabilitĂ© des mesures. Lors dâune premiĂšre phase de lâĂ©tude, la stabilitĂ© de lâenvironnement intĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e. Lors dâune deuxiĂšme phase, lâinfluence de la main sur le DAS et la PTR des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles ainsi que sur lâĂ©valuation de lâexposition rĂ©elle prĂ©dite par lâindice SAROTA a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Lors dâune troisiĂšme phase, un ensemble de tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles identiques ont Ă©tĂ© modifiĂ©s et des mesures effectuĂ©es pour vĂ©rifier que lâindice SAROTA permet bien de prĂ©dire lâexposition rĂ©elle des personnes
Development of a methodology for the assessment of the real-life exposure due to electromagnetic fields
Le travail prĂ©sentĂ© dans cette thĂšse a pour objectif lâĂ©tude des conditions nĂ©cessaires pour Ă©valuer l'exposition radio frĂ©quence (RF) due aux tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles dans un scenario dâutilisation rĂ©elle et le dĂ©veloppement dâune mĂ©thodologie permettant de prĂ©dire et de comparer les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles en fonction de leurs expositions RF rĂ©elles. Les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par leur dĂ©bit d'absorption spĂ©cifique (DAS) et leur performance en Ă©mission et en rĂ©ception (over-the-air, OTA). En utilisant le DAS et la puissance totale rayonnĂ©e (PTR), un indice d'exposition appelĂ©e l'indice SAROTA a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© prĂ©cĂ©demment afin de prĂ©voir l'exposition rĂ©elle des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles. Lâindice SAROTA sert ainsi de mĂ©trique permettant de comparer les tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles. Afin de dĂ©terminer expĂ©rimentalement lâexposition rĂ©elle aux RF, plusieurs tĂ©lĂ©phones avec des modifications logicielles permettant dâenregistrer les paramĂštres du rĂ©seau, sont utilisĂ©s pour lâĂ©tude qui est menĂ©e comme suit : (a) caractĂ©risation des outils et des ressources disponibles pour effectuer des mesures ciblĂ©es, (b) identification des ressources radio et des paramĂštres importants pour effectuer ces mesures, (c) Ă©tude de la mise en Ćuvre effective du mĂ©canisme de contrĂŽle de puissance observĂ© dans un rĂ©seau mobile rĂ©el pour diffĂ©rents niveaux et de qualitĂ©s du signal reçus, (d) Ă©tude de la corrĂ©lation entre la performance OTA des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles et lâĂ©tendue effective du contrĂŽle de puissance appliquĂ©e par le rĂ©seau, (e) comparaison entre la valeur rĂ©elle de lâexposition et la valeur prĂ©dite en utilisant lâindice SAROTA. Comme les dĂ©fis logistiques et techniques sont plus difficiles Ă surmonter pour les mesures dans un environnement multi-trajets extĂ©rieur, les expĂ©riences ont Ă©tĂ© limitĂ©es Ă des environnements intĂ©rieurs pour assurer une meilleure rĂ©pĂ©tabilitĂ© des mesures. Lors dâune premiĂšre phase de lâĂ©tude, la stabilitĂ© de lâenvironnement intĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e. Lors dâune deuxiĂšme phase, lâinfluence de la main sur le DAS et la PTR des tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles ainsi que sur lâĂ©valuation de lâexposition rĂ©elle prĂ©dite par lâindice SAROTA a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Lors dâune troisiĂšme phase, un ensemble de tĂ©lĂ©phones mobiles identiques ont Ă©tĂ© modifiĂ©s et des mesures effectuĂ©es pour vĂ©rifier que lâindice SAROTA permet bien de prĂ©dire lâexposition rĂ©elle des personnes.The work presented in the thesis is directed towards addressing the requirement for determining the radio frequency (RF) exposure due to mobile phones under typical usage/ real-life scenarios and also to develop a method to predict and compare mobile phones for their real-life RF exposure. The mobile phones are characterized for their specific absorption rate (SAR) and for transmit and receive performance given by the over-the-air (OTA) characterization. Using the SAR and the total radiated power (TRP) characterization, an exposure index referred to as the SAROTA index was previously proposed to predict the real-life exposure due to mobile phones which would also serve as a metric to compare individual phones. In order to experimentally determine the real-life RF exposure, various software modified phones (SMP) are utilized for the study. These phones contain an embedded software capable of recording the network parameters. The study is undertaken in the following order: (a) Characterization of the available tools and resources for performing targeted measurements/experiments, (b) identifying the important radio resource parameters and metrics to perform the targeted measurements, (c) investigation of the actual implementation of the power control mechanism in a live network for various received signal level and received quality environments, (d) investigating the correlation of the over-the-air performance of the mobile phones and the extent of actual power control realization, (e) comparing the actual exposure and the real-life exposure as predicted by the SAROTA index. Based on the logistical and technical challenges encountered, the experiments were restricted to indoor environments to enable repeatability. During the first phase of the study, the stability of the indoor environment was evaluated. During the second phase, the influence of hand phantom on the SAR and TRP of the mobile phones and the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure was investigated. Further developing on the insights from the hand phantom experiments, in the third phase, a set of identical software modified phones were externally modified to alter the TRP performance and the methodology to determine the real-life exposure and also verify the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure levels was investigated. The experiments demonstrate that the SAROTA index is capable of predicting the real-life exposure and comparing the mobile phones
ChemInform Abstract: Photo-oxidation of 7-Hydroxyeudesmanolide, a Constituent from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.
The Illusion of an Abundant End: A Phenomenological Approach to Sustainability: The Progress Trap and the Transformative Potential of Dialogue
Abundance is a concept according to which a thing is deemed to be in plenty. The feeling of satisfaction and assurance, arising from something that is concretely abundant, serves as a material reason for motivation of a desired action. Just like the stock of food lying in our fridge, ensuring more than just the needs of the moment, the abundance cooks the taste of freedom, freedom from worrying about tomorrow. However, over consumption out of greed as a potential outcome of abundance, could result in the increased capacity of a person in order to reach the initial level of satisfaction. This results in abundance becoming merely a conceptual act of understanding, not just by coming to an end at a faster rate due to excessive intake but also because of how adverse ends are also simultaneously produced; for e.g. throwing up as a result of misunderstood capacity. It is just as hard to understand the capacity as it is to understand the abundance since both excess of capacity and excess of intake are unsustainable in their own ways. This brings attention to âwhat is sustainableâ and how to best understand satisfaction in terms of the needs of the present and the future while also acknowledging the presence of others and maintaining inclusivity. Although the solutions offered so far to such an issue tend to slip in the direction of finding a best digestion medicine or to spend billions of dollars in the attempt to colonize Mars or any other planet after the earth, in this paper I intend to discuss how such solutions fall into what I call the progress trap, understood in terms of sustainability
Incidence, predictors, and economic burden of circular anastomotic complications in left-sided colorectal reconstructions involving manual circular staplers
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