1,115 research outputs found
Association between Parental Feeding Styles and Excess Weight, and Its Mediation by Diet, in Costa Rican Adolescents
Background. Whereas parental feeding styles (PFS) influence children’s diet, less is known
about this relationship in adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study in 686 Costa Rican adolescents
(13–18 years) evaluated 4 validated PFS scores: healthy eating verbal encouragement;
scolding; directly controlling diet; instrumental/emotional. Diet was evaluated through 3-day
food records, deriving a Traditional Costa Rica Adolescents Diet Score (TCRAD). Excess weight
(EW) measured by BMI was dichotomized following standards. Regression-based mediation analysis
estimated the overall and sex-stratified odds ratios of EW for natural direct (NDE), natural
indirect (NIE), and total effects (TE) of the pathway PFS-TCRAD-EW. Results. A one-unit
increase in the direct control PFS score was associated with higher EW odds overall [(TE: 1.55;
95% CI: 1.04–2.31; p-value = 0.033), (NDE: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02–2.27; p-value = 0.039)], and in boys
[(TE: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04–4.38; p-value = 0.039), (NDE: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.31; p-value = 0.042)]. Nonsignificant mediation by TCRAD was observed for the healthy eating verbal encouragement PFS
overall (p-value = 0.06). Associations for the instrumental/emotional and scolding PFS were not
significant. Conclusions. Direct diet control from parents may contribute to adolescents’ excess
weight, particularly among boys. Parents encouraging healthy eating might support adolescents’
healthy weight through a healthy diet. Longitudinal research should clarify the association between
PFS and diet-related outcomes among diverse adolescents.Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica/[DMFG- 4854-14 y DM-FG.1748-2018]//Costa RicaConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/[]/CONACYT/MéxicoHarvard University/[]//Estados UnidosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP
Chemotactic response of the flavonoid daidzein and its effect on the composition of the rumen bacterial community
Daidzein is one of common metabolites in plants and has chemotactic effect on soil bacteria that colonize the plants. There are several tests to assess bacterial chemotaxis, but none focused on rumen bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the chemotactic response of the rumen microflora towards daidzein using a standardized bacterial chemotaxis assay. It consisted in a modifying capillary technique and employing technology for measuring in vitro gas production.
Ruminal fluids and cellulose were used as controls. The response of bacteria to daidzein was greater than the response to cellulose, supporting the hypothesis that when fodder is chewed by the ruminant it releases daidzein which can attract rumen bacteria towards feed particles (chemotaxis) for attachment and subsequent degradation
Comprehensive Study of Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials: A Case Study in Ica, Peru
This study evaluates radon exhalation rates and assesses the potential radiological risks of external exposure to primordial radionuclides in building materials employed in the Ica region of Peru, particularly those with high uranium content. The radon exhalation rates are currently measured using a combination of a closed chamber and an active monitor. We proposed a novel method that effectively ensured a hermetic seal for the closed chamber and guaranteed that the efficient maintenance of secular equilibrium. The obtained results ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to a maximum of 52.3 mBq · kg−1h−1. Gamma spectrometry was employed to measure the concentrations of radionuclides by utilizing a 3′ × 3′ NaI detector. The analysis of cement samples revealed a strong positive correlation between the activity concentration of radium and the radon exhalation rate. The activity concentrations for radionuclides varied, with values ranging from BDL to 60.6 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 226Ra, BDL to 22.3 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 232Th, and BDL to 1074 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 40K. These findings contribute valuable insight to decision-making processes in the Peruvian construction industry, particularly regarding material safety and radiological risk management
Effects of Two Intake Levels of \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e on Rumen Function of Sheep
Ruminant production systems based on grass pastures often produce poor animal performance as expressed by growth or reproductive rates. The nutrient imbalance affecting rumen function is due to their low energy and protein intake. The incorporation of leguminous forages such as Leucaena leucocephala, in the diet of ruminants, can stimulate rumen function by providing protein-rich forage (Barros-Rodriguez et al. 2012). This increases the availability of compounds such as ammonia, amino acids and peptides as well as branched short-chain fatty acids, which are produced as a result of degradation of proteins. These substances promote fibre breakdown by acting as ruminal growth activators for rumen bacteria, especially cellulolytic bacteria (Hoover and Stokes 1991). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 intake levels of L. leucocephala on rumen function of sheep fed Pennisetum purpureum
Impaired Virulence and In Vivo Fitness of Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
4 páginas, 2 figuras. Presentado en parte: 20 º Congreso Europeo de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Resumen 1389, Viena, Austria, 10-13 de abril de 2010.Acinetobacter baumannii (American Type Culture Collection strain 19606) acquires mutations in the pmrB gene during the in vitro development of resistance to colistin. The colistin-resistant strain has lower affinity for colistin, reduced in vivo fitness (competition index, .016), and decreased virulence, both in terms of mortality (0% lethal dose, 6.9 vs 4.9 log colony-forming units) and survival in a mouse model of peritoneal sepsis. These results may explain the low incidence and dissemination of colistin resistance in A. baumannii in clinical settings.This work was supported by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” (ERDF); the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD06/0008), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain; and the Autonomous government of Madrid (COMBACT S-BIO-0260/2006, L.R.).Peer reviewe
Planeamiento estratégico de la Provincia de Arequipa
La provincia de Arequipa, es la segunda más desarrollada a nivel de todo el Perú. Presenta una serie de actividades económicas diversificadas orientadas a los sectores como: minería, construcción, servicios, agricultura principalmente. En los últimos años desde el 2008 hasta el 2014, la provincia ha presentado un crecimiento de su PBI en un 8% en promedio, sin embargo, el mercado internacional asiático ha disminuido la demanda de compra de cobre, la coyuntura del gobierno de Ollanta Humala, y el alto indicie de corrupción en entidades públicas y privadas generaron una desaceleración del crecimiento de la región, por tanto, en la provincia de Arequipa. La actual realidad en la provincia ha demostrado que se tiene que desarrollar una economía sostenible, logrando el desarrollo de nuevos mercados estructurados en base a un planeamiento estratégico a mediano y largo plazo.
La presente investigación ha realizado un amplio y pormenorizado análisis de factores externos e internos que favorecen el desarrollo de la provincia de Arequipa. Estos se expresan mediante estrategias y objetivos mesurables a corto, mediano y largo plazo, los cuales están estructurados en un plan combinado a implementarse en un horizonte de diez años, logrando que la provincia de Arequipa duplique el porcentaje de crecimiento sostenible de su PBI en un 20% en promedio al 2026 o su equivalente de US 20,000’000,000 per year. Achieving the goal of the province of Arequipa will be on the first 20 provinces in Latin America for the development of sustainable businesses.
The strategic planning of the province of Arequipa has nine strategies. As a result of the plan, we propose seven long term objectives, being designed and focused as permanent improvements and time sustainable objectives. Likewise 49 short term objectives that together will develop a diversity of exploitation areas, such as agroindustry through Majes Siguas II project, sustainable tourism and the electronic regional system against corruption and felonies, among the most relevant, not leaving out important projects such as the city reforestation, improvement of education skills and construction of the new international airport.
Finally, the perspective of the present document is focused on transforming the situation of the province of Arequipa, encouraging innovation, research and specialization by means of promoting public and private investment, creating efficient communication paths through a vision of economic growth to improve the population life quality. This also seeks the citizen safety and respect for the environment by creating appropriate actions for industries in the province of Arequipa can afford the international and domestic market demand, working with the other provinces of the region and the competitors through strategic alliancesTesi
Análisis microbiológico del pulpo rojo en puertos pesqueros de Campeche, México
Objetivo. Estudiar la calidad microbiológica del pulpo rojo dado su importante impacto económico y social en la región sur-sureste de México. Material y métodos. Se tomaron muestras en diversas zonas de captura de la especie y se analizaron con pruebas bioquímicas descritas en las normas oficiales mexicanas. Se identificaron cepas pertenecientes al género Vibrio, Salmonella, coliformes fecales y E. coli O157:H7. Con el empleo del Sistema BAX, se logró la identificación de microorganismos a través de su ADN bacteriano. Los resultados obtenidos en los métodos bioquímicos y moleculares fueron contrastados. Resultados. El método estadístico de Bland-Altman indicó que ambas técnicas pueden usarse indistintamente. La prueba de McNemar demostró que ambos métodos cuentan con la misma eficacia para la identificación de patógenos (valor X2=0.5 ρ=0.4795). Conclusión. La calidad microbiológica del pulpo en la región sur-sureste de México es deficiente debido a la presencia de flora bacteriana patógena que podría representar un riesgo epidemiológico. Los índices establecidos por las normas sugieren la necesidad de aplicar técnicas de identificación eficaces y rápidas como el Sistema BAX. Este método alternativo de análisis puede coadyuvar a la implementación de estrategias efectivas que permitan cumplir con especificaciones mínimas sanitarias durante el procesamiento de los productos pesqueros, y así elevar los sistemas de control para disminuir los riesgos de brotes epidemiológicos en la región.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v58i4.802
Iris coloboma, apresentação do caso
Introduction: the coloboma is a birth defect of the lower sector of the iris or a neckline in the pupil margin that gives the pupil a locking appearance.Case presentation: The case of a 53-year-old male patient with clinical diagnosis of iris coloboma in the left infernotemporal quadrant is presented.Discussion: the coloboma of the iris, is to present a rare condition with an incidence of 2.4-8.0/10,000 live births. Most of the causes of this type of coloboma are unknown, and can occasionally occur due to eye surgery, eye trauma, hereditary conditions, some are due to a specific genetic defect and a small number of patients with coloboma have other hereditary developmental problems.Conclusions: iris coloboma is a rare, casually diagnosed entity that is usually asymptomatic; it is important when making the diagnosis, performing a thorough physical exam on the patient to rule out syndromes associated with this congenital malformation.Introducción: el coloboma es un defecto congénito del sector inferior del iris o bien, una escotadura en el margen pupilar que otorga a la pupila un aspecto de cerradura.Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 53 años de edad con diagnóstico clínico de coloboma del iris en el cuadrante inferotemporal izquierdo.Discusión: el coloboma del iris, es hasta la actualidad una condición rara con una incidencia de 2.4-8.0/10,000 nacidos vivos. La mayoría de las causa de este tipo de coloboma es desconocida, y ocasionalmente puede producirse debido cirugía del ojo, traumatismo del ojo, afecciones hereditarias, algunos se deben a un defecto genético específico y un pequeño número de pacientes con coloboma tiene otros problemas hereditarios del desarrollo.Conclusiones: el coloboma del iris es una entidad poco frecuente, de diagnóstico casual, que suele ser asintomática; es importante al hacer el diagnóstico, realizar un examen físico bien detallado en el paciente para descartar síndromes asociados a esta malformación congénita.Introdução: o coloboma é um defeito de nascimento do setor inferior da íris ou um decote na margem da pupila que dá ao aluno uma aparência de bloqueio.Apresentação do caso: É apresentado o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 53 anos com diagnóstico clínico de iris coloboma no quadrante infernotemporal esquerdo.Discussão: o coloboma da íris, é apresentar uma condição rara com incidência de 2,4-8.0/10.000 nascidos vivos. A maioria das causas desse tipo de coloboma são desconhecidas, e podem ocorrer ocasionalmente devido a cirurgia ocular, trauma ocular, condições hereditárias, algumas são devido a um defeito genético específico e um pequeno número de pacientes com coloboma tem outros problemas hereditários de desenvolvimento.Conclusões: iris coloboma é uma entidade rara, casualmente diagnosticada que geralmente é assintomática; é importante ao fazer o diagnóstico, realizar um exame físico minucioso no paciente para descartar síndromes associadas a essa malformação congênita
Flora bacteriana asociada al Octopus maya comercial capturado en la Península de Yucatán, México
Background: Octopus is a fishery product of economic importance worldwide, the main species caught on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea are Octopus maya and O. vulgaris, the first represents up to 95 % of national production. Goals: Identify the bacterial flora associated with commercial Octopus maya captured in the Yucatan Peninsula, using PCR-DGGE. Methods: From the metagenomic DNAs (mDNAs) extracted from samples representative of the octopus muscle, PCR products were synthesized with universal primers for bacteria (gc338F and 518R) and specific primers for Phylum Firmicutes (FirF: 369 and gcFirR: 1244). They were separated by electrophoresis in denaturing gradient gels (DGGE). The fragmented DNAs were recovered by elution, amplified (338F / 518R and FirF: 369 / FirR: 1244), sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Results: The sequences amplified with universal primers, after the DNA fragmentation by DGGE were associated with Psychrobacter urativorans, Psychrobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudoalteromonas sp, Shewanella sp, Shewanella baltica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Vibrio aestuarianus, Photobacterium sp, Flavobacterium sp, F. antarcticum, Bizionia sp, Flavobacteriaceae bacterium, Bacillus sp, C. divergens, Cetobacterium somerae, Psychrilyobacter atlanticus, Salinimicrobium sp as well as, Flavobacteriaceae not yet classified. In the sequences amplified with specific primers (Phylum Firmicutes) were identified: Carnobacterium sp, Lactococcus piscium Lactococcus sp, and Vagococcus sp Conclusion: The bacterial genus detected have been reported in samples from marine environments; therefore, can be part of the native microbial diversity associated with commercial O. maya captured in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.Antecedentes: El pulpo es un producto pesquero de importancia económica a nivel mundial, las principales especies capturadas en el litoral del Golfo de México y el mar Caribe son Octopus maya y O. vulgaris, el primero representa hasta el 95 % de la producción nacional. Objetivo: Identificar la flora bacteriana asociada al Octopus maya comercial capturado en la Península de Yucatán, utilizando PCR-DGGE. Métodos: A partir de los ADN metagenómicos (ADNmg) extraídos de muestras representativas del músculo del pulpo, se sintetizaron productos de PCR con iniciadores universales para bacterias (gc338F y 518R) e iniciadores específicos para el filo Firmicutes (FirF:369 y gcFirR: 1244). Mismos que fueron separados por electroforesis en geles de gradiente desnaturalizante (DGGE). Los ADN fragmentados se recuperaron por elución, se amplificaron (338F / 518R y FirF: 369 / FirR: 1244), se secuenciaron y analizaron filogenéticamente. Resultados: Las secuencias amplificadas con iniciadores universales, después de la fragmentación del ADN por DGGE se asociaron con Psychrobacter urativorans, Psychrobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudoalteromonas sp, Shewanella sp, Shewanella baltica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Vibrio aestuarianus, Photobacterium sp, Flavobacterium sp, F. antarcticum, Bizionia sp, Flavobacteriaceae bacterium, Bacillus sp, Carnobacterium divergens, Cetobacterium somerae, Psychrilyobacter atlanticus, Salinimicrobium sp, así como, Flavobacteriaceae aún no clasificada. En las secuencias amplificadas con iniciadores específicos (filo Firmicutes) se identificaron: Carnobacterium sp, Lactococcus piscium, Lactococcus sp y Vagococcus sp. Conclusión: Los géneros bacterianos detectados han sido reportados en muestras de ambientes marinos, por lo cual, pueden ser parte de la diversidad microbiana nativa asociada al O. maya comercial capturado en la Península de Yucatán, México
Objetos de aprendizagem para o estudo da Ontogenia Humana. Argumento teórico
Introduction: with the opening to Information Technology and Communications in the country and mainly in the educational system, strategies have been developed to improve the quality of classes in Cuban classrooms. Learning objects are currently a powerful tool to support teaching, so it is necessary to deepen their study from a pedagogical perspective. With the aim of arguing about the theoretical references of learning objects for the study of Human Ontogeny, this bibliographic review was carried out.Development: the subject Human Ontogeny and SOMA is new within the study plan, for this reason the creation of means for learning is in full development, which are based on special didactics as an element of the pedagogical creativity of teachers, being necessary to argue the theoretical references of learning objects, their evolution in the teaching-learning process in Medical Sciences. Characterization, advantages and disadvantages.Conclusions: the Learning Objects provided the possibility for students to interact and streamline the processes, enhancing educational activities, which is very useful to strengthen the contents of Human Ontogeny. Introducción: con la apertura a las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones en el país y principalmente en el sistema educacional se han desarrollado estrategias para mejorar la calidad de las clases en las aulas cubanas. Los objetos de aprendizaje constituyen actualmente una poderosa herramienta de apoyo a la docencia por lo que es necesario profundizar en su estudio desde la perspectiva pedagógica. Con el objetivo de argumentar sobre los referentes teóricos de los objetos de aprendizaje para el estudio de la Ontogenia Humana se realizó esta revisión bibliográfica.Desarrollo: la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y SOMA es nueva dentro del plan de estudio, por ello está en pleno desarrollo la creación de medios para el aprendizaje, que se sustenten en la didáctica especial como elemento de la creatividad pedagógica de los profesores, siendo necesario argumentar los referentes teóricos de los objetos de aprendizaje, su evolución en el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje en las Ciencias Médicas. Caracterización, ventajas y desventajas. Conclusiones: los Objeto de Aprendizaje brindan la posibilidad a los estudiantes de interactuar y dinamizar los procesos, potenciando las actividades educativas, lo que resulta de gran utilidad para fortalecer los contenidos de Ontogenia HumanaIntrodução: com a abertura à Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações no país e principalmente no sistema educacional, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para melhorar a qualidade das aulas nas salas de aula cubanas. Os objetos de aprendizagem são atualmente uma poderosa ferramenta de apoio ao ensino, pelo que é necessário aprofundar o seu estudo numa perspetiva pedagógica. Com o objetivo de discutir os referenciais teóricos dos objetos de aprendizagem para o estudo da Ontogenia Humana, foi realizada esta revisão bibliográfica.Desenvolvimento: a disciplina Ontogenia Humana e SOMA é nova dentro do plano de estudos, por isso a criação de meios de aprendizagem está em pleno desenvolvimento, os quais se baseiam na didática especial como elemento da criatividade pedagógica dos professores, sendo necessário discutir a referenciais teóricos dos objetos de aprendizagem, sua evolução no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Ciências Médicas. Caracterização, vantagens e desvantagens.Conclusões: os Objetos de Aprendizagem possibilitaram aos alunos interagir e agilizar os processos, potencializando as atividades educativas, o que é muito útil para fortalecer os conteúdos de Ontogenia Humana
- …