354 research outputs found
Spin-phonon coupling effects in transition-metal perovskites:a DFT+ and hybrid-functional study
Spin-phonon coupling effects, as reflected in phonon frequency shifts between
ferromagnetic (FM) and G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) configurations in cubic
CaMnO, SrMnO, BaMnO, LaCrO, LaFeO and La(CrFe)O,
are investigated using density-functional methods. The calculations are carried
out both with a hybrid-functional (HSE) approach and with a DFT+ approach
using a that has been fitted to HSE calculations. The phonon frequency
shifts obtained in going from the FM to the AFM spin configuration agree well
with those computed directly from the more accurate HSE approach, but are
obtained with much less computational effort. We find that in the MnO
materials class with =Ca, Sr, and Ba, this frequency shift decreases as the
A cation radius increases for the phonons, while it increases for
R-point phonons. In LaO with =Cr, Fe, and Cr/Fe, the phonon
frequencies at decrease as the spin order changes from AFM to FM for
LaCrO and LaFeO, but they increase for the double perovskite
La(CrFe)O. We discuss these results and the prospects for bulk and
superlattice forms of these materials to be useful as multiferroics.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 9 table
Placing objects in context via inpainting for out-of-distribution segmentation
When deploying a semantic segmentation model into the real world, it will inevitably be confronted
with semantic classes unseen during training. Thus, to safely deploy such systems, it is crucial to
accurately evaluate and improve their anomaly segmentation capabilities. However, acquiring and
labelling semantic segmentation data is expensive and unanticipated conditions are long-tail and
potentially hazardous. Indeed, existing anomaly segmentation datasets capture a limited number of
anomalies, lack realism or have strong domain shifts. In this paper, we propose the Placing Objects
in Context (POC) pipeline to realistically add any object into any image via diffusion models. POC
can be used to easily extend any dataset with an arbitrary number of objects. In our experiments,
we present different anomaly segmentation datasets based on POC-generated data and show that
POC can improve the performance of recent state-of-the-art anomaly fine-tuning methods in several
standardized benchmarks. POC is also effective to learn new classes. For example, we use it to edit
Cityscapes samples by adding a subset of Pascal classes and show that models trained on such data
achieve comparable performance to the Pascal-trained baseline. This corroborates the low sim-to-real
gap of models trained on POC-generated images
The Puzzling Mutual Orbit of the Binary Trojan Asteroid (624) Hektor
Asteroids with satellites are natural laboratories to constrain the formation
and evolution of our solar system. The binary Trojan asteroid (624) Hektor is
the only known Trojan asteroid to possess a small satellite. Based on W.M. Keck
adaptive optics observations, we found a unique and stable orbital solution,
which is uncommon in comparison to the orbits of other large multiple asteroid
systems studied so far. From lightcurve observations recorded since 1957, we
showed that because the large Req=125-km primary may be made of two joint
lobes, the moon could be ejecta of the low-velocity encounter, which formed the
system. The inferred density of Hektor's system is comparable to the L5 Trojan
doublet (617) Patroclus but due to their difference in physical properties and
in reflectance spectra, both captured Trojan asteroids could have a different
composition and origin.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Study of molecular spin-crossover complex Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 thin films
We report on the growth by evaporation under high vacuum of high-quality thin
films of Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) that maintain the expected
electronic structure down to a thickness of 10 nm and that exhibit a
temperature-driven spin transition. We have investigated the current-voltage
characteristics of a device based on such films. From the space charge-limited
current regime, we deduce a mobility of 6.5x10-6 cm2/V?s that is similar to the
low-range mobility measured on the widely studied
tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium organic semiconductor. This work paves the
way for multifunctional molecular devices based on spin-crossover complexes
A Hot Gap Around Jupiter's Orbit in the Solar Nebula
The Sun was an order of magnitude more luminous during the first few hundred
thousand years of its existence, due in part to the gravitational energy
released by material accreting from the Solar nebula. If Jupiter was already
near its present mass, the planet's tides opened an optically-thin gap in the
nebula. We show using Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations that sunlight
absorbed by the nebula and re-radiated into the gap raised temperatures well
above the sublimation threshold for water ice, with potentially drastic
consequences for the icy bodies in Jupiter's feeding zone. Bodies up to a meter
in size were vaporized within a single orbit if the planet was near its present
location during this early epoch. Dust particles lost their ice mantles, and
planetesimals were partially to fully devolatilized, depending on their size.
Scenarios in which Jupiter formed promptly, such as those involving a
gravitational instability of the massive early nebula, must cope with the high
temperatures. Enriching Jupiter in the noble gases through delivery trapped in
clathrate hydrates will be more difficult, but might be achieved by either
forming the planet much further from the star, or capturing planetesimals at
later epochs. The hot gap resulting from an early origin for Jupiter also would
affect the surface compositions of any primordial Trojan asteroids.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures. ApJ in press. Discussion of Jupiter's volatile
enrichment revised in sec. 4.
NASA Planetary Mission Concept Study: Assessing: Dwarf Planet Ceres' past and Present Habitability Potential
The Dawn mission revolutionized our understanding of Ceres during the same decade that has also witnessed the rise of ocean worlds as a research and exploration focus. We will report progress on the Planetary Mission Concept Study (PMCS) on the future exploration of Ceres under the New Frontiers or Flagship program that was selected for NASA funding in October 2019. At the time this writing, the study was just kicked off, hence this abstract reports the study plan as presented in the proposal
Tunable synthesis of Prussian Blue in exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer films.
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films have become very popular for surface functionalization and the design of functional architectures such as hollow polyelectrolyte capsules. It is known that properties such as permeability to small ionic solutes are strongly dependent on the buildup regime of the PEM films. This permeability can be modified by tuning the ionization degree of the polycations or polyanions, provided the film is made from weak polyelectrolytes. In most previous investigations, this was achieved by playing on the solution pH either during the film buildup or by a postbuildup pH modification. Herein we investigate the functionalization of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(glutamic acid) (PAH/PGA) multilayers by ferrocyanide and Prussian Blue (PB). We demonstrate that dynamic exchange processes between the film and polyelectrolyte solutions containing one of the component polyelectrolyte allow one to modify its Donnan potential and, as a consequence, the amount of ferrocyanide anions able to be retained in the PAH/PGA film. This ability of the film to be a tunable reservoir of ferrocyanide anions is then used to produce a composite film containing PB particles obtained by a single precipitation reaction with a solution containing Fe(3+) cations in contact with the film. The presence of PB in the PEM films then provides magnetic as well as electrochemical properties to the whole architecture.journal article2009 Dec 15importe
Spintronic magnetic anisotropy
An attractive feature of magnetic adatoms and molecules for nanoscale
applications is their superparamagnetism, the preferred alignment of their spin
along an easy axis preventing undesired spin reversal. The underlying magnetic
anisotropy barrier --a quadrupolar energy splitting-- is internally generated
by spin-orbit interaction and can nowadays be probed by electronic transport.
Here we predict that in a much broader class of quantum-dot systems with spin
larger than one-half, superparamagnetism may arise without spin-orbit
interaction: by attaching ferromagnets a spintronic exchange field of
quadrupolar nature is generated locally. It can be observed in conductance
measurements and surprisingly leads to enhanced spin filtering even in a state
with zero average spin. Analogously to the spintronic dipolar exchange field,
responsible for a local spin torque, the effect is susceptible to electric
control and increases with tunnel coupling as well as with spin polarization.Comment: 6 pages with 4 figures + 26 pages of Supplementary Informatio
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