Mean, tidal, and fluctuating winds in the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere observed during MAP/WINE in Northern Scandinavia

During the MAP/WINE campaign in winter 1983 to 1984 several instrumental techniques, such as meteorological rockets, sounding rockets, MST radar and incoherent scatter radar, were applied to measure wind velocities in the middle atmosphere. Profiles of mean, tidal and fluctuating wind velocities were obtained up to 90 to 100 km altitude. These are compared with profiles from models, measurements at other locations and at other times as well as satellite derived data. The results are discussed in terms of ageostropic winds, planetary waves, tidal modes and the possibility of a saturated gravity wave spectrum in the mesosphere

EISCAT observations during MAC/SINE and MAC/Epsilon

The EISCAT incoherent scatter radar facility in Tromsoe, Norway was operated during the MAC/SINE campaign for 78 hours in the period 10 June to 17 July 1987, and during the MAC/Epsilon campaign for 90 hours in the period 15 October to 5 November 1987. The VHF (224 MHz) radar operations during MAC/SINE yielded most interesting observations of strong coherent echoes from the mesopause region. Characteristic data of these polar mesospheric summer echoes are presented. The UHF (933 MHz) radar operations during MAC/Epsilon were done with 18 deg off zenith beam and allows the deduction of meridonal and horizontal wind components as well as radial velocity spectra in addition to the usual electron density profiles in the D and lower E regions. Some results from the VHF and UHF radars indicating the presence of gravity waves are examined

Subtropical middle atmosphere dynamics observed by the Chung Li radar

The Chung Li Radar (24.91 N; 121.24 E) has been operating since 1986. A five beam observational configuration was used on a regular basis to study the various dynamics processes in the atmosphere-lower stratosphere height region. Due to its geographical location, the annual Typhoon and Mei-Yu seasons provide good opportunities to study the various interesting dynamic processes such as instabilities, generation of gravity waves, wave mean field interaction, etc. Three dimensional air motions due to these fronts are presented. Special cases of gravity wave generation, propagation and their effects on the turbulent layers are discussed

Ultraviolet and visible photometry of asteroid (21) Lutetia using the Hubble Space Telescope

The asteroid (21) Lutetia is the target of a planned close encounter by the Rosetta spacecraft in July 2010. To prepare for that flyby, Lutetia has been extensively observed by a variety of astronomical facilities. We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to determine the albedo of Lutetia over a wide wavelength range, extending from ~150 nm to ~700 nm. Using data from a variety of HST filters and a ground-based visible light spectrum, we employed synthetic photometry techniques to derive absolute fluxes for Lutetia. New results from ground-based measurements of Lutetia's size and shape were used to convert the absolute fluxes into albedos. We present our best model for the spectral energy distribution of Lutetia over the wavelength range 120-800 nm. There appears to be a steep drop in the albedo (by a factor of ~2) for wavelengths shorter than ~300 nm. Nevertheless, the far ultraviolet albedo of Lutetia (~10%) is considerably larger than that of typical C-chondrite material (~4%). The geometric albedo at 550 nm is 16.5 +/- 1%. Lutetia's reflectivity is not consistent with a metal-dominated surface at infrared or radar wavelengths, and its albedo at all wavelengths (UV-visibile-IR-radar) is larger than observed for typical primitive, chondritic material. We derive a relatively high FUV albedo of ~10%, a result that will be tested by observations with the Alice spectrograph during the Rosetta flyby of Lutetia in July 2010.Comment: 14 pages, 2 tables, 8 figure

Dead Virginians: The Corpse and its uses in Early Virginia

The thesis traces the history of colonial Virginia in an attempt to uncover the origins of several peculiarities in Virginia death-ways. Elite Virginians buried at home more often than not (where they could protect the dead from animal desecration), while avoided death’s heads, reapers, and bone based tomb and mourning jewelry iconography even though such was popular throughout the British Atlantic. Research done for this thesis reveals a fear on the part of elite Virginias regarding questions of both corpse desecration and natural putrefaction. The cause of this cultural obsession lie in two facts: The blackening of the early colony’s reputation by warfare with Native Americans and the cannibalism associated with the Starving Times, and later the casual violence inherent in the slave system. Virginia’s elite disregarded images of decay and death and embraced symbols of stability both the legitimize Virginia as a place for Europeans to settle, and to disguise the barbarity of their economic system

Обеспечение пожаровзрывобезопасности и защита от чрезвычайных ситуаций особо опасных производств на территории Бурятии

Проведён аналитический обзор информации, знакомство с правовыми нормами и требованиями к пожарной безопасности на особо опасном объекте, велась разработка мероприятий по обеспечению пожарной безопасности на объекте, аналитический обзор современных методов пожаротушения на объекте.An analytical review of information, familiarity with the legal norms and requirements for fire safety at a particularly hazardous facility, the development of measures to ensure fire safety at the site, an analytical review of modern firefighting methods at the site

The political and legal framework for cable television franchising by Virginia local government

Within the last decade state-of-the-art cable television has gone from an unsuccessful, premature proposal in Virginia, to operative franchises in several jurisdictions , including Richm::m.d, Henrico, Chesterfield, Arlington, and Alexandria. There are also a number of franchises which have been in operation for many years and which are intended largely for reception improvement with sone minimal extra services, such as those in Petersburg, Hopewell and Colonial Heights. It is proposed here to raise significant issues which could have been addressed by Virginia state and local government as to the regulation of this rapid growth of cable television in the Cormnnwealth, especially given the trend toward deregulation at the Federal level which might leave regulatory responsibility with the state and localities. Examples from the governmental response to that growth will be used to dem:mstrate the need for a comprehensive study of regulatory alternatives. They will also show that to a significant extent, Virginia has already cormrl.tted itself to a regulatory scheire which apparently is to regulate in the public interest, but which, in fact, neither has the resources nor the authority to do so. Further, it will be apparent that this decision has been made largely by default. The Virginia General Assembly has failed to act, either through ignorance of the potential of the medium, or a reluctance to regulate or delegate authority to localities to do so. Only the barest regulatory framework for local governmental :initiative has been promulgated, and only a minimal corrmit:rrent has been ma.de to giving localities the resources necessary to exercise that responsibility. The Conm:mwealth consequently finds itself with a cable regulatory scheme which is neither fully relevant to the characteristics of the iredium or capable of fostering the public interest. This study will involve necessarily a description of some of the major aspects of the legal and political environment within which governments cooperated in, reacted to, or :initiated this process. Further, the extent to which certain feasible and legal options were considered in an effort to create a sophisticated system reflective of community needs will be noted, as will the legal problems of the largely irrelevant process of local governmental franchis:ing. It will be necessary to address briefly certain other points, such as the technical possibilities of cable television at this time and its likely future development, comparison of the systems offered and chosen in the recent Virginia experience with the state-of-the-art, the economic factors limiting the feasibility of particular systems attractive to multiple system operators (MSO\u27s), and the social and political implications of choices ma.de :in the franchising and regulatory process

Instructor performance evaluation: a nationwide survey of performance appraisal in two-year colleges

This study identified the current practices of two-year colleges in the area of instructor performance appraisal; classified the models of evaluation currently in use in the various types and sizes of two-year colleges; established the efficacy of each model as it relates to the twenty-one personnel evaluation standards recently identified by the Joint Committee (1988); and developed a profile of the typical supervisor conducting instructor performance appraisal;The results of this study support previous recommendations of related research which strongly suggests the need for improvement in two-year college instructor evaluation. The extent to which the practices of instructor performance appraisal are being carried out indicate a need for training;The major approaches being used in instructor evaluation are characterized by a close relationship between the instructor and the supervisor with emphasis on collegial rather than authoritarian orientation. However, evaluation is synonymous with observation and the major emphasis is on summative evaluation; standardized criteria; and comparative judgements. This process usually takes its principal data from the classroom and is designed to improve the instructor\u27s performance;This study concludes that differences in the essential elements in use and current practices of instructor performance appraisal were substantial. Additionally, only a few two-year colleges had instructor performance appraisal processes that appeared to represent a well-developed system which were balanced to facilitate the attainment of both improvement and accountability. Additionally, the process of instructor performance appraisal appears to be an under conceptualized and underdeveloped activity in the majority of two-year colleges. However, there is consensus about what design process results in successful teacher evaluation. This study concludes that efficacy ratings (the power or capacity to produce the desired effect) of the Personnel Standards were higher when clinical supervision was identified as the model of instructor performance appraisal;Common procedures for capturing data about instructor performance included the use of: a single instrument to evaluate most of the instructors; student feedback as a source of evaluation data; and peer feedback. The span of control, which was in some cases in excess of 100 instructors, is far too large to conduct quality, comprehensive instructor evaluations