La relación entre el vocabulario y la inteligencia emocional en función del sexo

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre el vocabulario y la inteligencia emocional en función del sexo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 niños de 1º de Educación Primaria. Los resultados indican que a mayor vocabulario mayor comprensión emocional total y en el reconocimiento de expresiones en dibujos, aunque el vocabulario no correlacionó con el reconocimiento facial en caras reales, ni en el reconocimiento de expresiones en dibujos mediante el uso de música. Los resultados de la comparación de medias mostraron que las niñas obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en vocabulario que los niños, aunque de forma no significativa. La media de IE total, en reconocimiento de caras reales y de dibujos fue mayor en niñas que en niños de forma significativa. La media de IE en el reconocimiento de expresiones en dibujos mediante el uso de música fue igual en niños y niñas. El análisis de regresión indicó que, aunque las niñas mostraron mayores niveles de IE, la relación entre PEABODY e IE fue positiva en niños y prácticamente nula en niñas. Además, se encontró una relación negativa entre vocabulario y reconocimiento de caras mediante el uso de la música en niñas y positiva, pero débil, en niños

Child labor and health in a public market, valencia, venezuela

Objectives This study was aimed at determining the living conditions, work practices, health effects and associated occupational risk factors in children working in a public market in Valencia, Venezuela.Methodology A questionnaire was administered which included demographic and exposure variables; a descriptive analysis was then made of the data. Forty-four children were selected. Results The average workday lasted 9.2 ± 3.2 hours/day. Children were most frequently employed in selling provisions and fruit (43.2 %); 22.7 % of them were evidently backward at school. The symptoms most reported were headache (84%), stress (59.1 %) and fatigue (58.2 %). Occupational accidents were reported by 11.4 % of the children and 2.3 % had suffered an occupational disease related to their present activity. The most frequently occurring occupational risks were discomfort caused by heat (93.2 %), noise (88.6 %) and repetitive work (84.1 %). A significant, indirect correlation was found between age and stress (p=0.04), as in publications showing that the negative impact of stress is more severe in children aged less than 10. It was determined that being a minor had greater significant association with the occupational risk of having greater exposure to organic toxic waste (p=0.017) and working under pressure (p=0.04). Conclusions There is no systematic data collection programme for assessing child labour in Venezuela even though a variety of risk factors have been identified and perceived for children. More sensitive indicators are required for the early identification of effects and how to control exposure to the risks mentioned above so that the problem can be studied in greater depth.Objetivo Determinar condiciones de vida, prácticas de trabajo, efectos a la salud y factores de riesgo asociados en un grupo de menores trabajadores de un mercado público en Valencia, Venezuela. Metodología Se aplicó una encuesta con variables demográficas y de exposición y se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos, seleccionándose 44 menores. Resultados La jornada de trabajo promedio fue de 9,2 ± 3,2 horas/día. La actividad más desempeñada fue la venta de víveres/frutos (43,2 %). El 22,7 % de los menores presentaba retraso escolar evidente. Los síntomas más reportados fueron cefalea (84 %), estrés (59,1 %) y fatiga (58,2 %). El 11,4 % reportaron haber sufrido accidentes y 2,3 % enfermedad relacionados con la actividad presente. Los factores de riesgo más reportados fueron calor (93,2 %), ruido (88,6 %) y repetitividad en la labor (84,1 %). Se encontró una correlación significativa, inversamente proporcional, entre la edad y el estrés (p=0,04) lo cual es consistente con estudios que indican que el impacto negativo del estrés es más profundo en niños que tienen menos de 10 años de edad. Se determinó significativamente que a menor edad hay una mayor exposición a desechos tóxicos orgánicos (p=0,017) y al trabajo bajo presión (p=0,04). Conclusiones No existen procesos de recolección sistemáticos para evaluar el trabajo infantil en nuestro país aún cuando se identificaron una amplia variedad de factores de riesgo percibidas por los niños trabajadores. Para una evaluación más profunda del problema, se requieren indicadores más sensibles que permitan detectar daños tempranos y la forma de controlar la exposición a los mencionados riesgos

Orbital Ordering in Paramagnetic LaMnO3 and KCuF3

{\it Ab-initio} studies of the stability of orbital ordering, its coupling to magnetic structure and its possible origins (electron-phonon and/or electron-electron interactions) are reported for two perovskite systems, LaMnO$_3$ and KCuF$_3$. We present a new Average Spin State (ASS) calculational scheme that allowed us to treat a paramagnetic state. Using this scheme, we succesfully described the experimental magnetic/orbital phase diagram of both LaMnO$_3$ and KCuF$_3$ in crystal structures when the Jahn-Teller distortions are neglected. Hence, we conclude that the orbital ordering in both compounds is purely electronic in origin.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

RECIFRIENDLY

Este trabajo de investigación muestra el plan de negocios para Recifriendly, proyecto que busca satisfacer una demanda no atendida en el país, crear cultura ambiental y lograr ciudadanos responsables. Para ello, se han realizado análisis en los aspectos fundamentales del negocio: En el análisis del entorno sobresale la creación de normas para actividades económicas de reciclaje. En el análisis interno detalla que las fortalezas son, ser una propuesta innovadora con un servicio de fácil acceso, que premia a las personas que reciclan desde el hogar mediante un programa de lealtad; mientras que plantea como amenaza a la informalidad. La investigación de mercado arrojó que el perfil de los usuarios son hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 45 años, mientras los clientes son empresas que se encuentran en SUNAT y operan en Lima Metropolitana. El plan de marketing contempla una inversión digital agresiva y plantea alianzas con aliados estratégicos, importantes para el programa de lealtad y compensación a los usuarios. El plan operativo detalla estándares para el funcionamiento del proyecto en cuanto al servicio, calidad y relación con proveedores. Además, plasma el Layout del local según las normas vigentes. El proyecto cuenta con un plan financiero que plantea una inversión del 60% con capital propio y un 40% con financiamiento de terceros. Asimismo, refleja una TIR económica del 52%, un VAN económico de S/.62,212.00 soles y un PRID de 2.24 años. Finalmente, el estado de resultados muestra una utilidad positiva desde el primer año, un crecimiento en 141 % durante el año 2 y 60.88% en el año 3. Estos indicadores hacen atractiva la inversión y puesta en operación del proyecto.This work research shows the business plan for Recifriendly, a project for a demand which is not attended in Peru and looks for creating environmental culture and making responsible citizens. The following analysis has been made to the main aspects of the project: In the external, the laws created by the government to set the recycling as an economic activity stand out. In the internal, the strengths of the projects are that Recifriendly is an innovative idea with an easy access which also give the people who recycles a reward, meanwhile the informality is considered as a threat. The research considers as users, men and women between 18 and 45 years old and the clients are companies registered in SUNAT and operating in Lima. The marketing plan considers an aggressive digital investment and stablishes some alliances with strategic allies, whose are important to the loyalty and satisfaction program. The operational plan sets the standards for the project including the service, quality, and the relationship with the suppliers. Besides, the lay out of the building project is shown according to the laws. The project has a financial plan that proposes an investment of 60% with its own capital and 40% with third-party financing. Likewise, it reflects an economic IRR of 52%, an economic NRV of S /.62,212.00 soles and a Payback Period of 2.24 years. Finally, the financial statements show profit-earning capacity since the first year, which grows 141% in the second and 60.88% in the third year. This is KPI to make the investment in this project attractive and able to operate.Trabajo de investigació

Crystal structure of sinhalite MgAlBO4 under high pressure

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Physical Chemistry C, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp512131eWe report on high-pressure angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction data up to 27 GPa for natural MgAlBO4 sinhalite mineral and ab initio total energy calculations. The experimental bulk modulus of sinhalite is B-0 = 171(3) GPa with a first-pressure derivative of B-0' = 4.2(3). A comparison with other olivine-type compounds shows that the value for B0 is 27% larger than that of Mg2SiO4 forsterite and 29% smaller than that of Al2BeO4 chrysoberyl. These differences are interpreted, on the basis of our ab initio calculations, in terms of the relative incompressibility of Al-O bonds in AlO6 octahedra (with a calculated bulk modulus of 250(1) GPa) as compared to Mg-O bonds in MgO6 octahedra (with a calculated bulk modulus of 130(1) GPa). The spatial cation distribution in the Pbnm orthorhombic unit cell and different polyhedral compressibilities entails a strong anisotropic compression comparable to that of forsterite. The axial compressibilities are 1.06(2) x 10(-3), 2.17(2) x 10(-3), and 1.30(3) x 10(-3) GPa(-1) for a, b, and c axes, respectively. The crystal chemistry of sinhalite under compression is compared to that of other olivine-like compounds. Compressibility trends and possible high-pressure phases are discussed.This study was supported by the Spanish government MEC under Grants No: MAT2010-21270-C04-01/03/04, MAT2013-46649-C4-1/2/3-P, and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01, by the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund (S2009/PPQ1551 4161893), by MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 project (CSD2007-00045), and by Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-ACOMP-2013-1012 and GVA-ACOMP-2014-243). Experiments were performed at MSPD beamline at ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility with the collaboration of ALBA staff A.M. and P.R-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster. J.A.S. acknowledges financial support through the Juan de la Cierva fellowship. We are particularly grateful to Angel Vegas for stimulating discussions and critical reading of this manuscript.Santamaría Pérez, D.; Errandonea, D.; Gomis, O.; Sans Tresserras, JÁ.; Pereira, ALJ.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Popescu, C.... (2015). Crystal structure of sinhalite MgAlBO4 under high pressure. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 119(12):6777-6784. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp512131eS677767841191

La deformación alpina en el Sistema Central Español

La idea del origen compresivo del Sistema Central (SC) se debe a Birot y Solé Sabarís (1954) [1], antes del establecimiento del papel que la tectónica de placas juega en el desarrollo de las estructuras intraplaca. Sin embargo, sus observaciones de campo no fueron tenidas en cuenta y, durante mucho tiempo, el SC fue considerado como una estructura extensiva [2]. Los primeros modelos de estructura del SC, en un contexto compresivo intraplaca, fueron propuestos por Vegas y Suriñach (1987) [3], que calcularon un engrosamiento cortical de 5 km, mientras que Warburton y Álvarez (1989) [4] construyeron una sección transversal con el desarrollo de una tectónica de piel fina asociada a un detachment intracortical proveniente de las Béticas y con un acortamiento asociado de 50 km. Esta idea fue también propuesta con menos detalle para el sector portugués, pero en relación a un estilo tectónico de piel gruesa y un acortamiento menor [5]. No obstante, estos trabajos carecían de observaciones de campo. En concreto, la sección de Warburton y Álvarez adolece de numerosas inconsistencias. El estilo tectónico propuesto durante la celebración de la III reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE, que es el que se tiene en cuenta hoy en día, fue el de una tectónica de piel gruesa, sin despegues en la cobertera, con la formación de cabalgamientos imbricados de piel fina con implicación del basamento y pop ups dentro del basamento varisco de direcciones NE-SO a E-O. El acortamiento asociado se calculó en un 14% (20 km) [6, 7]

Compressibility systematics of calcite-type borates : An experimental and theoretical structural study on ABO3 (A = Al, Sc, Fe and In)

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Physical Chemistry C , copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp4124259The structural properties of calcite-type orthoborates ABO(3) (A = Al, Fe, Sc, and In) have been investigated at high pressures up to 32 GPa. They were studied experimentally using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and theoretically by means of ab initio total-energy calculations. We found that the calcite-type structure remains stable up to the highest pressure explored in the four studied compounds. Experimental and calculated static geometries (unit-cell parameters and internal coordinates), bulk moduli, and their pressure derivatives are in good agreement. The compressibility along the c axis is roughly three times that along the a axis. Our data clearly indicate that the compressibility of borates is dominated by that of the [AO(6)] octahedral group and depends on the size of the trivalent A cations. An analysis of the relationship between isomorphic borates and carbonates is also presented, which points to the potentiality of considering borates as chemical analogues of the carbonate mineral family.This study was supported by the Spanish government MEC under Grant Nos.: MAT2010-21270-C04-01/03/04 and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01, by MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 Project (CSD2007-00045), by Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-ACOMP-2013-1012), and by the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion y Desarrollo of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV2011-0914 PAID-05-11 and UPV2011-0966 PAID-06-11). We thank ALBA and Diamond synchrotrons for providing beamtime for the XRD experiments. A.M. and P.R-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster. J.A.S. and B.G.-D. acknowledge Juan de la Cierva fellowship and FPI programs for financial support. We are gratefully indebted to Dr. Capponi and Dr. Diehl for supplying us single crystals of AlBO3 and FeBO3, respectively.Santamaría Pérez, D.; Gomis Hilario, O.; Sans, JÁ.; Ortiz, HM.; Vegas, Á.; Errandonea, D.; Ruiz-Fuertes, J.... (2014). Compressibility systematics of calcite-type borates : An experimental and theoretical structural study on ABO3 (A = Al, Sc, Fe and In). Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 118(8):4354-4361. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4124259S43544361118

Multistimuli Response Micro- and Nanolayers of a Coordination Polymer Based on Cu2I2 Chains Linked by 2-Aminopyrazine

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Conesa‐Egea, J., Gallardo‐Martínez, J., Delgado, S., Martínez, J. I., Gonzalez‐Platas, J., Fernández‐Moreira, V., ... & Amo‐Ochoa, P. Multistimuli Response Micro‐and Nanolayers of a Coordination Polymer Based on Cu2I2 Chains Linked by 2‐Aminopyrazine. Small 13.33 (2017): 1700965 , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201700965. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionA nonporous laminar coordination polymer of formula [Cu2I2(2-aminopyrazine)]n is prepared by direct reaction between CuI and 2-aminopyrazine, two industrially available building blocks. The fine tuning of the reaction conditions allows obtaining [Cu2I2(2-aminopyrazine)]n in micrometric and nanometric sizes with same structure and composition. Interestingly, both materials show similar reversible thermo- and pressure-luminescent response as well as reversible electrical response to volatile organic solvents such as acetic acid. X-ray diffraction studies under different conditions, temperatures and pressures, in combination with theoretical calculations allow rationalizing the physical properties of this compound and its changes under physical stimuli. Thus, the emission dramatically increases when lowering the temperature, while an enhancement of the pressure produces a decrease in the emission intensity. These observations emerge as a direct consequence of the high structural flexibility of the Cu2I2 chains which undergo a contraction in Cu-Cu distances as far as temperature decreases or pressure increases. However, the strong structural changes observed under high pressure lead to an unexpected effect that produces a less effective Cu-Cu orbital overlapping that justifies the decrease in the intensity emission. This work shows the high potential of materials based on Cu2I2 chains for new applicationsThe authors thank financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MAT2013-46502-C2-2P, MAT2016-77608-C3-1-P, MAT2016-75883-C2-2-P, MAT2010-20843-C02-01, MAT2016-75586-C4-4-P, CTQ2016-75816-C2-1P), also thank the scientific computing center (CCC) of the Autonoma University of Madrid for their time. J.I.M. acknowledges the financial support by the Ramón y Cajal Program of MINECO (Grant RYC-2015-17730) and the EU via the ERC-Synergy Program (Grant ERC-2013-SYG-610256 NANOCOSMOS

Phase behaviour of Ag2CrO4 under compression: Structural, vibrational, and optical properties

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Physical Chemistry C, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp401524sWe have performed an experimental study of the crystal structure, lattice dynamics, and optical properties of silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) at ambient temperature and high pressures. In particular, the crystal structure, Raman-active phonons, and electronic band gap have been accurately determined. When the initial orthorhombic Pnma Ag2CrO4 structure (phase I) is compressed up to 4.5 GPa, a previously undetected phase (phase II) has been observed with a 0.95% volume collapse. The structure of phase II can be indexed to a similar orthorhombic cell as phase I, and the transition can be considered to be an isostructural transition. This collapse is mainly due to the drastic contraction of the a axis (1.3%). A second phase transition to phase III occurs at 13 GPa to a structure not yet determined. First-principles calculations have been unable to reproduce the isostructural phase transition, but they propose the stabilization of a spinel-type structure at 11 GPa. This phase is not detected in experiments probably because of the presence of kinetic barriers. Experiments and calculations therefore seem to indicate that a new structural and electronic description is required to model the properties of silver chromate.This study was supported by the Spanish government MEC under grants MAT2010-21270-C04-01/03/04 and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01, by the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund (S2009/PPQ1551 4161893), by the MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 project (CSD2007-00045), and by the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion y Desarrollo of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV2011-0914 PAID-05-11 and UPV2011-0966 PAID-06-11). A.M. and P.R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster. J.A.S. acknowledges Juan de la Cierva Fellowship Program for its financial support. Diamond and ALBA Synchrotron Light Sources are acknowledged for provisions of beam time. We also thank Drs. Peral, Popescu, and Fauth for technical support.Santamaría Pérez, D.; Bandiello, E.; Errandonea, D.; Ruiz-Fuertes, J.; Gomis Hilario, O.; Sans, JÁ.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.... (2013). Phase behaviour of Ag2CrO4 under compression: Structural, vibrational, and optical properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 117(23):12239-12248. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp401524sS12239122481172