Família, migração, trabalho doméstico e desigualdades de género

Entendendo-se por Diferenças de Género as diferenças psicológicas, sociais e culturais entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino, sendo a Família um grupo de pessoas unidas directamente por laços de parentesco, no qual os adultos assumem a responsabilidade de cuidar das crianças, remontando o trabalho para os aspectos socioprofissionais da vida do indivíduo, onde se desenrola toda a dinâmica da vida social, isto é, é a partir daqui que o indivíduo se define a si próprio (Giddens, 2010). Segundo Anthony Giddens, (2010) o género é um conceito socialmente construído que atribui aos homens e às mulheres papéis sociais e identidades diferentes. São muitos os sociólogos que definem a desigualdade de género como a diferença de estatuto, poder e prestígio que as mulheres e homens adquirem em grupos, colectividades e sociedades. As relações de género são tão antigas quanto a existência humana, tendo raízes ainda mais profundas do que a formulação do movimento feminista. Para este autor o género é um factor crítico na estruturação dos tipos de oportunidades que cada um dos géneros tem ao longo da sua vida, influenciando os papéis que desempenham nas instituições sociais, da família e do Estado (Giddens, 2010). A família é um conjunto de pessoas unidas por laços de parentesco, na qual as gerações mais velhas assumem a responsabilidade sob as gerações mais jovens. Os laços de parentesco são ligações entre indivíduos estabelecidas a partir do matrimónio ou através da hereditariedade. O matrimónio resulta da união entre duas pessoas de sexo..

Direitos humanos fundamentais e relações jurídicas contratuais

Estudo comparado sobre o tratamento dado aos direitos humanos fundamentais e às relações jurídicas contratuais no direito do Brasil, Alemanha e França. Discorre sobre a interação “entre o princípio da justiça contratual com os direitos fundamentais relativos à formação da sociedade justa e da própria igualdade”

Refinement by interpretation in {\pi}-institutions

The paper discusses the role of interpretations, understood as multifunctions that preserve and reflect logical consequence, as refinement witnesses in the general setting of pi-institutions. This leads to a smooth generalization of the refinement-by-interpretation approach, recently introduced by the authors in more specific contexts. As a second, yet related contribution a basis is provided to build up a refinement calculus of structured specifications in and across arbitrary pi-institutions.Comment: In Proceedings Refine 2011, arXiv:1106.348

Detecting player’s divided attention state during gameplay

Serious games for health and teaching are becoming more common. These games have been evolving their methods of diagnosing, treating and teaching; however, not much previous work has been done relatively to the detection of the player’s attention state. This dissertation presents the design and testing of a system for the detection of divided attention state in players. The design of the system makes use of general game mechanics and events to analyse the player’s performance and, from that detect whether the player is dividing attention with another task. The proposed system was tested on a game designed and developed in the context of this dissertation. The obtained results show that the system is able to use performance features to identify the divided attention state of the player. This system is expected to help developers improve their games, making them more responsive, and also be a framework of development for other systems, specifically, for the detection of the attention state of the player.Os jogos sérios para a saúde e ensino estão-se a tornar mais comuns. Estes jogos têm evoluído os seus métodos de diagnosticar, tratar, e ensinar, não havendo, ainda assim, muito trabalho anterior relativamente à deteção do estado de atenção do jogador. Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento e validação de um sistema para detetar quando o estado de atenção do jogador é atenção dividida. O sistema utiliza mecânicas gerais e eventos presentes em jogos para analisar o desempenho do jogador e posteriormente detetar se o jogador está a dividir a sua atenção com outra tarefa. O sistema é testado com um jogo desenvolvido para o contexto desta dissertação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o sistema é capaz de usar as metricas de desempenho do jogo para identificar a divisão da atenção por parte do jogador. O sistema pode ajudar designers a melhorar os seus jogos, tornado-os mais responsivos, e também pode ser uma framework para o desenvolvimento de outros sistemas, específicamente, para a deteção do estado da atenção do jogador

A cactus group action on a shifted tableau crystal and a shifted Berenstein-Kirillov group

Gillespie, Levinson and Purbhoo recently introduced a crystal-like structure for shifted tableaux, called the shifted tableau crystal. This structure may be regarded as a directed acyclic weighted graph, with coloured double edges, having vertices the shifted semistandard tableaux. It decomposes into connected components, each one having unique source vertex, whose weight is a strict partition, and sink vertex, with reverse weight. The character of each connected component is the Schur Q-function indexed by the said strict partition. Following a similar approach as Halacheva, for crystals of finite-dimensional representations of the quantized universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex reductive Lie algebra, we exhibit a natural internal action of the n-fruit cactus group on the shifted tableau crystal, realized by the restrictions of the shifted Schützenberger involution to all primed intervals of the underlying crystal alphabet. This includes the shifted crystal reflection operators, which agree with the restrictions of the shifted Schützenberger involution to single-coloured connected components, but unlike the case for type A crystals, these do not need to satisfy the braid relations of the symmetric group. In addition, we define a shifted version of the Berenstein–Kirillov group, by considering shifted Bender–Knuth involutions. Paralleling the works of Halacheva and Chmutov, Glick and Pylyavskyy for type A semistandard tableaux of straight shape, we exhibit another occurrence of the cactus group action on shifted tableau crystals of straight shape via the action of the shifted Berenstein–Kirillov group. We also conclude that the shifted Berenstein–Kirillov group is isomorphic to a quotient of the cactus group. Not all known relations that hold in the classic Berenstein–Kirillov group need to be satisfied by the shifted Bender–Knuth involutions, but the ones implying the relations of the cactus group are verified, thus we have another presentation for the cactus group in terms of shifted Bender–Knuth involutions. We also use the shifted growth diagrams due to Thomas and Yong, together with the semistandardization process of Pechenik and Yong, to provide an alternative proof concerning the mentioned cactus group action

Spray coating of oxide and chalcogenide semiconductor layers for TFT application

This work documents the deposition and optimization of semiconductor thin films using chemical spray coating technique (CSC) for application on thin-film transistors (TFTs), with a low-cost, simple method. CSC setup was implemented and explored for industrial application, within Holst Centre, an R&D center in the Netherlands. As zinc oxide had already been studied within the organization, it was used as a standard material in the initial experiments, obtaining typical mobility values of 0.14 cm2/(V.s) for unpatterned TFTs. Then, oxide X layer characteristics were compared for films deposited with CSC at 40°C and spin-coating. The mobility of the spin-coated TFTs was 103 cm2/(V.s) higher, presumably due to the lack of uniformity of spray-coated film at such low temperatures. Lastly, tin sulfide, a relatively unexplored material, was deposited by CSC in order to obtain functional TFTs and explore the device’s potential for working as a phototransistor. Despite the low mobilities of the devices, a sensitive photodetector was made, showing drain current variation of nearly one order of magnitude under yellow light. CSC technique’s simplicity and versatility was confirmed, as three different semiconductors were successfully implemented into functional devices

Development and dynamics of the Atlantic rainforest during the Late Quaternary and its connections with the climate system

The Atlantic rainforest harbour an outstandingly high biodiversirty. Many different environmental factors (climate, soil, geomorphology, ocean and etc) interact in a very large space creating complex ecosystems with high endemism. Altough, its richness, the Altnatic rainforest is highly endangered due to increasing human impact through the intensification of land-use and consequent broad landscape replacement. Many palaecological studies have been developed during the last decades providing important background of diverse location around Atlantic rainforest, however little is known about regional palaeoecological history and landscape dynamics. In this study, we present palynological analyses carried out in a compilation of several pollen records from Alantic rainforest ecosystems and surrounding regions that help to unveil patterns and processes in present and past vegetation change during the Late Quaternary. A palaeoecological study of 3 time periods (3000 yrs BP, pre-colonization and modern) of 27 pollen records of Atlantic rainforest and associated ecosystems reveals marked vegetation changes as consequence of climate and human impacts during the Late Holocene. The samples concerning the pre-colonization period was used as standard for comparison once it represents the natural vegetation conditions once climate was similar to today and there was no human impact on it. Handling multivariate techniques associated to pollen abundaces threshold, the pre-colonization period was classified into 7 groups. Moreover, it was noticed a clear differentiation between grassland and forested vegetation and between tropical and subtropical vegetation types. The comparison of pre-colonization with the other two time slices revealed that using Poaceae threshold most of sites from 3,000 BP and modern assemblages maintained their classification. Furthermore, combining with other taxa abundance, the number of sites with the same classification became reduced. Using square chord dissimilarity as a quantitative of change indicator, the change prompted by human actions within 500 years of colonization and 3,000 years of natural changes were equivalent. Comparing pre-colonization with surface samples, it is noticed that modern pollen still able to represent important environmental gradients however, their use as modern analogue requires careful treatment. Oonce fossil pollen are the best indicators to track past vegetation changes, we carried out a parallel analysis of 19 pollen records to unveil the regional vegetation history allowing inferences about synchronoicity. The accumulated probability distributions show potential synchronous vegetation at 8900, 5900, 2800, 1200 and 550 cal yrs BP. The southern sites experienced more cycles of changes than others, mainly during the late Holocene. The main variations on pollen spectra were captured by both PC and rate of change analysis, that well represented the main periods of change. In general, the early Holocene was a stable period, after the mid-Holocene the changes have started and intensified around 2800 cal yrs BP with other pulses later on agreeing with other researches carried out at other regions of South America indicating connections with continental climate patterns associated to South American monsoon. The application of unconstrained cluster analysis and pollen abundance threshold to 16 pollen samples from southern andsoutheastern Brazil, revealed that although no large temporal pattern is noticed, the used of appropriate technique can give a broad perspective of vegetation type atspecific time. Moreover, the clear differentiation of vegetation among different times was successfully achived revealing the major variation of vegetation between open and forested landscapes

Geography and Ontology: The Geographical Foundation of Man

The goal of this study is to define the geographic foundation as a constituent determination of man s Being To this end it reexamines and redefines certain epistemological foundations of geographic science thereby setting a new bedrock for the relationship between ontology and geograph