Distâncias menores... maiores comportamentos ativos? associação do fator distância com os modos de deslocamento de crianças à escola

O deslocamento ativo para a escola se caracteriza como uma estratégia para potencializar os níveis de atividade física de crianças em seu quotidiano escolar (Timpério et al, 2006).Entretanto, estudos têm demonstrado que diversos fatores (intrapessoais, ambientais, políticos, etc.) podem influenciar na decisão e opção ao modo de deslocamento de crianças à escola (Bungum et al., 2009; Pereira et al., 2014). Este estudo objetivou sintetizar, por meio de revisão sistemática, as evidências disponíveis sobre a associação do fator distância no deslocamento ativo de crianças do ensino básico (2º/3º ciclo) no trajeto casa-escola. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada em seis bases de dados (PubMed, EBSCO, LILACS, Web of Science, BVS e B-On) com a combinação dos descritores active commuting, children, school, environmental factors, seus similares padronizados pelo Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e respetivos correspondentes em língua portuguesa padronizados pelo Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Quarenta e um artigos foram selecionados para a revisão sistemática. Os estudos apresentaram uma tendência de crescimento a partir de 2011 na quantidade de publicações em revistas indexadas.Estados Unidos, Austrália e Canadá concentraram a maioria dos estudos publicados. Verificou-se publicações em periódicos de diversas áreas com maior concentração na área da saúde. Evidenciou-se forte associação dos modos ativos de deslocamento em relação ao fator distância casa-escola. Entretanto, devido às diversas variáveis intervenientes, há pouco consenso em relação à uma distância padrão.No geral, as melhores probabilidades de deslocamento ativo se deram em crianças que residem até aproximadamente 3,2km (2milhas), com algumas variações e diminuindo consideravelmente a partir desta distância.Salienta-se a importância de políticas e ações no planeamento da oferta e localização de escolas do ensino básico em áreas residenciais, pois, distâncias menores estimulam e favorecem o acesso aos modos de deslocamento ativos, promovendo assim, comportamentos ativos no quotidiano das crianças.The active commuting to school is characterized as a strategy to improve the levels of children physical activities in scholar context (Timpério et al, 2006). However, studies have shown that many factors can affect the decision and the manner the children move to school (Bungum et al., 2009; Pereira et al., 2014).This study objective was to outline by systematic review the available evidence about the association of the factor distance in the children’s (2nd and 3rd cycle) active commuting route home to school.The research for the studies was done in six data bases (PubMed, EBSCO, LILACS, Web of Science, BVS and B-On) with the combination of the descriptors active commuting, children, school, environmental factors, and similar standardized by the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and its respective corresponding in Portuguese standardized by the descriptors in Health Science (DeCS). Forty-one articles were selected for the systematic review. The studies presented since 2011 a tendency of growing in the quantity of publications in indexed journals. United States, Australia and Canada have the most part of the published studies. They were verified publications in journals with the highest concentration in health areas. The association of active commuting manners in relation to the factor distance home-school was evidenced. Nevertheless for many variables there is little consensus in relation to the standard distance. In general, the best probabilities of active commuting occurred in children who live within 3,2km (2 miles), with some variation and decreasing considerably from this distance.We emphasize the importance of policies and actions in the planning and location of the basic teaching schools in residential areas, for shorter distances stimulate and favour the access to active commuting promoting this way active behaviour in the children’s daily life.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT)Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão/Brasil - FAPEMA (BD-05074/15)

Avaliação da dose resposta sobre massa fresca e massa seca, aérea e radicular, de milho inoculado com Azospirillum brasilense

Zea mays (corn) is one of the leading crops focused on producing food and feed for humans and animals. The use of diazotrophic bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense demonstrates a positive effect on nitrogen availability, a primordial element for the development of this plant. This study aimed to evaluate the gain of the fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots in a corn cultivar inoculated with A. brasilense at different doses. The experiment was carried out in pots containing soil. The corn seeds, cultivar Agroceres® 5055, were inoculated with A. brasilense at doses between 100 to 250 mL 20 kg-1. It was observed that inoculation with A. brasilense positively affected fresh and dry matter gain of both shoot and roots between doses of 100-200 mL 20 kg-1 compared to the control. As for plant height in two stages, V6 and V8, there was no positive effect with the inoculant compared to the control. Azospirillum brasilense significantly affected shoot and root matter gain in the corn cultivar Agroceres® 5055, thus ensuring better development of corn plants.Zea mays (milho) é uma das principais culturas agrícolas, voltada à produção de alimentos para humanos e de rações para animais. O uso de bactérias diazotróficas como Azospirillum brasilense demonstra efeito positivo na disponibilidade do Nitrogênio, elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento dessa cultura. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o cultivo de milho inoculado com A. brasilense em diferentes doses e o ganho de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular. O experimento foi realizado em vasos contendo solo e sementes do cultivar  Agroceres® 5055 com inoculante A. brasilense nas doses entre 100 a 250 mL 20 kg-1. Foi observado que a inoculação com A. brasilense apresentou efeito positivo sobre ganho de massa fresca e seca tanto da parte aérea quanto radicular entre as doses 100-200 mL 20 kg-1 quando comparado ao controle. Já para altura de plantas em dois estádios V6 e V8 não foi verificado efeito positivo com o inoculante comparado ao controle. Azospirillum brasilense demonstrou efeito significativo quanto ao ganho de massa da parte aérea e radicular no cultivar Agroceres® 5055, com isso garantindo melhor desenvolvimento de plantas de milho

Efeito da carga cíclica na resistência de dentes tratados endodonticamente restaurados com pinos dentários convencionais e estéticos

INTRODUCTION: Esthetic post and core systems were recently introduced. There are few reports regarding their behavior under cyclic loading. OBJECTIVES: This study compared the effect of cyclic loading on survival rate, residual strength and mode of fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with esthetic and direct metallic post systems subjected to mechanical cyclic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty canines were endodontically treated, decoronated and prepared for metal free ceramic crowns, leaving 1.5 mm of dentin for ferrule effect. They were distributed in 3 groups and restored as follows: group 1 with zirconia posts (Cosmopost) and glass-ceramic cores (IPS Empress Cosmopost); group 2 with fiber reinforced composite posts (FibreKor) and group 3 with titanium posts (AZthec Anchor). Direct resin composite (Build It FR Resin Composite) was used as core in groups 2 and 3. All specimens were restored with all ceramic crowns (IPS Empress 2). A resin cement/adhesive system (Cement It/Bond It Primer A+B) was used to lute the posts to root canals and metal free porcelain crowns to the teeth preparation. Specimens were subjected to mechanical load of 250 N for 500,000x at a frequency of 1.7 Hz and then to static load until failure in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Fischer Exact tests alpha=0.05. RESULTS: All groups had 100% survival rate after cyclic loading; fracture strength values (SD) in N were: group 1 = 886.5(170.6), group 2 = 762.2(113.6) and group 3 = 768.9(72.9); there was no difference among groups (p=0.08); the percentage of mode of favorable fracture found was: group 1 = 60%, group 2 = 90% and group 3 = 50%; there was no correlation between the mode of failure and post and core system used (P=0.142). CONCLUSIONS: Esthetic post and core systems showed statistically equivalent fracture strength values, mode of failure and survival rate compared to conventional direct metallic post and resin composite core system after cyclic loading.INTRODUÇÃO: Os sistemas de núcleos intra-radiculares estéticos foram recentemente introduzidos no mercado. Não existem muitos trabalhos na literatura comparando seu comportamento em relação aos sistemas de pinos metálicos convencionais quando submetidos à testes com carga cíclica. OBJETIVOS: este estudo comparou a taxa de sobrevivência, resistência à fratura e modo de fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente reconstruídos com sistemas de núcleos intra-radiculares metálicos convencionais e estéticos, restaurados com coroas de porcelana pura e submetidos à carga cíclica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: trinta caninos tiveram as coroas removidas 1,5mm acima da junção cemento-esmalte e preparados para coroa de porcelana pura deixando 1,5mm de dentina acima do término do preparo. Os dentes foram distribuídos em 3 grupos de 10. O grupo 1 foi restaurado com pinos de cerâmica de zircônia e núcleos de preenchimento em cerâmica vítrea termo-injetada. O grupo 2 foi restaurado com pinos de resina composta reforçada por fibra de vidro e o grupo 3 com pinos de titânio. Nos grupos 2 e 3 foi usada resina composta reforçada com fibra de vidro como material para núcleo de preenchimento; os dentes foram restaurados com coroas totais e tanto os pinos quanto as coroas de porcelana foram cimentados com um sistema de cimentação resinosa de polimerização dupla. Os espécimes foram incluídos em resina acrílica e submetidos à uma carga de 250N por 500,000 ciclos, numa freqüência de 1,7Hz sendo em seguida submetidos à carga estática em uma máqina de testes universal até a falha. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com os testes ANOVA a 1 critério e Exato de Fischer (alfa=.05). RESULTADOS: a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 100%; os valores de resistência à fratura em N (DP) foram: grupo 1 = 886,50(170,6), grupo 2 = 762,2(113,6) e grupo 3 = 768,9(72,9). Não houve diferença estatística de resistência à fratura entre os grupos (P=0.08). O percentual de modo de fratura favorável encontrado foi: grupo 1 = 60%; grupo 2 = 90% e grupo 3 = 50%. Não houve correlação entre o tipo de pino e modo de fratura (P=0.142). CONCLUSÃO: dentes restaurados com sistemas de núcleos intra-radiculares estéticos e coroas totais de porcelana tiveram as mesmas taxas de sobrevivência, valores de resistência à fratura e modo de fratura que os metálicos convencionais diretos após aplicação de carga cíclica

Historical streamflow series analysis applied to furnas HPP reservoir watershed using the SWAT model

Over the last few years, the operation of the Furnas Hydropower Plant (HPP) reservoir, located in the Grande River Basin, has been threatened due to a significant reduction in inflow. In the region, hydrological modelling tools are being used and tested to support decision making and water sustainability. In this study, the streamflow was modelled in the area of direct influence of the Furnas HPP reservoir, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model performance was verified for studies in the region. Analyses of sensitivity and uncertainty were undertaken using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) with a Calibration Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP). The hydrological modelling, at a monthly scale, presented good results in the calibration (NS 0.86), with a slight reduction of the coefficient in the validation period (NS 0.64). The results suggested that this tool could be applied in future hydrological studies in the region of study. With the consideration that special attention should be given to the historical series used in the calibration and validation of the models. It is important to note that this region has high demands for water resources, primarily for agricultural use. Water demands must also be taken into account in future hydrological simulations. The validation of this methodology led to important contributions to the management of water resources in regions with tropical climates, whose climatological and geological reality resembles the one studied here

KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE AND BARRIERS OF DIABETIC FOOT SELFCARE AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: To relate knowledge, practice and barriers of diabetic foot self-care amongpeople with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, according to gender and education.Method: Analytical cross-sectional study with 102 users of 4 basic units in the inland of the state of Piauí, Brazil. Socioeconomic and clinical data were collected between December 2018 and July 2019. Descriptive analysis was performed with the use of the Chi-square test.Results: Women showed greater knowledge and practice of moisturizing (p5cm (p=0.001) and <5cm (p<0.001).Conclusion: It is hoped that this study will allow a new type of approach aimed to the improvement of diabetic foot self-care

Hematoma epidural após derivação ventriculoperitoneal: relato de dois casos

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations represent the most used choice for treating hydrocephalus, although some related complications have been reported. Due to its rarity, potential dangers, and mortality rate, we present two cases of epidural hematoma following ventriculoperitoneal shunt, discussing its pathophysiology and prophylaxis._________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO: No tratamento cirúrgico da hidrocefalia, a derivação ventriculoperitoneal é a mais usada, porém ocorrem várias complicações e dentre elas o hematoma epidural. Os autores relatam dois casos de hematoma epidural após cirurgia de derivacão ventriculoperitoneal e discutem sua provável fisiopatologia e profilaxia

Comparative overview of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on anxiety-like behavior, cognitive flexibility, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity parameters in healthy rats

Clinical studies show that physical exercise has anxiolytic and pro-cognitive properties for both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. Most of these data refer to the effects of aerobic exercise. However, other modalities such as resistance exercise deserve more attention because they may also modulate brain function. This study aimed to compare the effects of an aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill and a resistance exercise protocol on a ladder apparatus on anxiety-like behavior, cognitive flexibility, and neuroplasticity parameters in healthy animals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sedentary control, aerobic training, and resistance training. Subsequently, they were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), light-dark box, and modified hole board (mHB) tests. The expressions of synaptophysin and postsynaptic plasticity protein 95 in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus were analyzed by immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated an anxiolytic effect promoted by exercise in the EPM, particularly in the animals submitted to aerobic training, and a mild pro-learning effect of both exercise modalities was observed in the mHB test. All groups showed similar outcomes in the other evaluations. Therefore, the exercise modalities investigated in the present study did not provide considerable modifications to such aspects of the emotional/cognitive functions and neuroplasticity under physiological contexts. Perhaps the two types of exercise acted in neurobiological pathways not analyzed in this study, or the effects may emerge under pathological contexts. These hypotheses should be tested in future studies