Corrosiveness of Brazilian Candiota Coal

Candiota city, in the south of Brazil, is located near the largest reserves of mineral coal of the country. This coal is used for thermoelectric power generation. The extraction of coal from open-cut mines involves opera-tions may generate at least some particulate matter into the atmosphere. These particles retained on the sur-face of metallic structures exposed to the atmosphere, may adsorb gases such as CO, CO2, SO2 and NO, which, in combination with humid air form corrosive substances, such as HNO3 and H2SO4. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of Candiota coal on the corrosion of buried steel structures and exposed to atmos-phere containing particulate matter from coal combustion. The coal sample was characterized by SEM (scan-ning electron microscopy), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), surface area analysis (BET method), electrical conductivity (EC) analysis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Corrosion was simulated by exposure of steel samples to coal particles and thermoelectric industrial atmosphere. Electrochemical tests of solutions leached from the coal were conducted by voltammetry to evaluate the soluble compounds corrosiveness. The corro-sion rate was determining following the technical standard ASTM G1-90. Localized attacks and corrosion products formations were detected in API 5L Grade B steel exposure to coal. The average corrosion rate for the samples in direct contact to the pulverized coal was 0.15 mm/year, while in samples exposed to the at-mosphere from industrial power plant was 0.30 mm/year. It is concluded that API 5L Grade B steel metal structures, exposed to atmospheres rich in Candiota coal and its derivatives, must be properly protected and monitored to avoid future damage caused by corrosion

Coffee has hepatoprotective benefits in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C even in lower daily consumption than in American and European populations

The potential role of coffee as a hepatoprotective substance for chronic liver diseases has been widely discussed. Our main aim was to evaluate the effect of coffee intake regarding clinical, biochemical tests and liver biopsy data in treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed through liver biopsy, or by means of clinical, ultrasound or endoscopic signs of cirrhosis, were assessed by determination of biochemical tests, metabolic and morphological alterations. Food frequency was scrutinized by using a structured questionnaire. Coffee intake represented more than 90% of the total daily caffeine, and the 75th percentile was 4-Brazilian coffee-cup/day (>255mL/day or >123mg caffeine/day). According to caffeine intake, patients were divided into two groups (123mg caffeine/day). Patients with higher ingestion of caffeine had lower serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (× upper limit of normal) (1.8±1.5 vs 2.3±1.5, p=0.04), lower frequencies of advanced (F3, F4) fibrosis (23.5% vs 54.5%, p<0.001) and of histological activity grade (A3, A4) observed in liver biopsies (13.8% vs 36.9%, p<0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, fibrosis was independently associated with caffeine intake (OR- 0.16; 95%CI - 0.03-0.80; p=0.026), γ-glutamil transferase serum levels and morphological activity. But only fibrosis was associated with histological activity. In conclusion caffeine consumption greater than 123mg/day was associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis. In addition, this study supports the assumption that coffee intake has hepatoprotective benefits for Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C, even in lower doses than that of American and European population intake.Federal University of São Paulo Department of MedicineHospital Sírio LibanêsUNIFESP, Department of MedicineSciEL

Análise da distribuição de inclusões em diferentes tipos de aços para oleodutos

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ESTADO DE SAÚDE E REPRESENTAÇÕES SOBRE A DOENÇA NA PERSPECTIVA DE PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS

Objetivo: avaliar o estado de saúde e suas dimensões em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus, atendidos em um hospital de ensino, à luz do Modelo do Senso Comum. Método: estudo descritivo, com análise qualitativa dos dados. Participaram 20 pacientes hospitalizados e em atendimento ambulatorial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e interpretados segundo os conceitos do Modelo do Senso Comum. Resultados: os discursos foram categorizados de acordo com a identidade da doença e suas concepções; duração e tempo para o diagnóstico e os sintomas; causas da doença e suas explicações; consequências e tratamento; controle e percepções sobre o prognóstico. Considerações finais: as concepções do estado de saúde e suas dimensões relacionadas ao Diabetes Mellitus, interpretadas à luz do Modelo do Senso Comum, descreveram-no como uma doença com sinais físicos e com potencial de complicação, inclusive associada à morte; contudo, também revelaram o desconhecimento das reais causas e consequências da doença.Descritores: Concepções. Diabetes Mellitus. Processo Saúde-Doença.Descritores: Percepção, Avaliação em Saúde, Diabetes Mellitus, Processo Saúde-Doença

Avaliação por impedância eletroquímica da resistência ao transporte de íons sulfato em argamassas armadas contendo resíduos da geração termelétrica / Evaluation by electrochemical impedance of resistance to the transport of sulfate ions in cemented mortars containing residues of thermoelectric generation

A Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE) é amplamente utilizada para determinação da contribuição de processos individuais de eletrodo ou eletrólito em sistemas eletroquímicos. Para os sistemas aço/argamassa, a partir dos resultados de EIE, é possível obter informações sobre parâmetros como a presença de filmes superficiais, características microestruturais, corrosão e fenômenos de transporte iônico. Neste trabalho, determinou-se a influência da substituição parcial de cimento Portland por resíduos da geração termoelétrica, em argamassa armada, na resistência ao transporte de íons sulfato por EIE. A morfologia da corrosão foi analisada por microscopia. Os ensaios foram realizados durante 90 dias e foram comparados com uma argamassa de referência. Foi demonstrado que o corpo de prova contendo cinza volante apresentou maior resistência ao transporte iônico, indicando ser este um substituto adequado para prolongar a vida útil de estruturas de argamassa armada em atmosferas agressivas

Ultrastructural features of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) preantral follicles cryopreserved using dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and propanediol

The objective was to develop an efficient protocol for cryopreservation of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) ovarian tissue. Agouti ovarian fragments were placed, for 10 min, in a solution containing MEM and fetal bovine serum plus 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) or propanediol (PROH); some of those fragments were subsequently cryopreserved in a programmable freezer. After exposure and/or thawing, all samples were fixed in Carnoy prior to histological analysis. To evaluate ultrastructure, follicles from the control and all cryopreserved treatments were fixed in Karnovsky and processed for transmission electron microscopy. After exposure and freezing, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of morphologically normal preantral follicles in all treatments when compared to the control (92.67 ± 2.79, mean ± SD). However, there were no significant difference when the exposure and freezing procedures were compared using the same cryoprotectant. Moreover, there was no significant difference among cryoprotectants at the time of exposure (DMSO: 64.7 ± 3.8; EG: 70.7 ± 11.2, PROH: 63.3 ± 8.5) or after freezing (DMSO: 60.6 ± 3.6, EG: 64.0 ± 11.9; PROH: 62.0 ± 6.9). However, only follicles frozen with PROH had normal ultrastructure. In conclusion, preantral follicles enclosed in agouti ovarian tissue were successfully cryopreserved using 1.5 M PROH, with satisfactory maintenance of follicle morphology and ultrastructure

Validation of a quality of life questionnaire (King's Health Questionnaire) in Brazilian women with urinary incontinence

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

In vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds from structured fruits developed with gellan gum and agar

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge CNPq and CAPES for scholarship, and the company Pomar da Polpa for supplying the raw material used in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2022This study aims to evaluate the bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds of structured fruits. Samples were prepared with 50% of each pulp (mango/caja, mango/cashew apple and mango/acerola), agar and gellan gum (low acyl-LA and high acyl-HA) in LA:HA ratios of: 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50, in a concentration of 0.75%. There was a reduction in the antioxidant compounds contents after in vitro digestion. The bioaccessible ascorbic acid levels ranged from 15.10% (LA100/HA0 mango/acerola) to 71.18% (LA50/HA50 mango/cashew apple); Total Extractable Polyphenols (TEP) ranged from 24.58% (mango/caja pulp) to 75.50% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola); antioxidant activity ranged from 21.10% (LA75/HA25 mango/caja) to 51.05% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola). Mango/acerola ascorbic acid bioaccessibility was lower and the mango/cashew apple HA gellan gum sample antioxidant activity was higher than pulp, probably due to temperature increasing at processing. It was concluded that the agar and gellan gum (HA and LA) hydrocolloids were able to contain these compounds in the production process of the structured and during digestion, which proves the similarity of structured fruits with fresh pulps.publishersversionpublishe