58 research outputs found

    Analysis and modelling of influence of soil and plant attributes on sugar cane yield and quality

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    Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Graziano Magalhães, Domingos Guilherme Pellegrino CerriTexto em português e inglêsTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia AgrícolaResumo: Dentro da mesma área de produção agrícola existe variabilidade espacial e temporal da produtividade e qualidade da cultura. Técnicas de Agricultura de Precisão (AP) são usadas para a quantificação dessa variabilidade, podendo assim distinguir áreas de maior e menor rentabilidade e qualidade, possibilitando então a identificação dos fatores que ali influenciaram para tal evento. É neste contexto que se insere o projeto proposto utilizar as técnicas de AP para identificar no campo a relação solo-produtividade-qualidade da matéria prima. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar como a produtividade e a qualidade da cana-de-açúcar (porcentagens de brix, pol e fibra) variam dentro do mesmo talhão; verificar como os atributos físicos e químicos do solo, nitrogênio foliar afetam a produtividade e qualidade da cana, e analisar padrões de variabilidade temporal dos parâmetros de qualidade da cana-de-açúcar ao longo dos ciclos estudados. Para realização do trabalho foi selecionada e georreferenciada uma área de 10 ha, cultivada com cana-de-açúcar pertencente à Usina São João pertencente ao Grupo SJC Bioenergia, localizada no município de Araras - SP. Nesta área foi feita uma grade de amostragem de 30x30m, utilizada para a coleta dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, e parâmetros de qualidade da cana, totalizando 117 pontos amostrais. Todas as amostragens foram realizadas nos anos de 2008 (cana planta), 2009-2010 (primeira soca) e 2011 (segunda soca). Para identificar a influência das variáveis em estudo na produtividade e qualidade da cana-de-açúcar foi feita a análise de correlação linear, com base em zonas de manejo previamente determinadas. Para a seleção das variáveis a fim de propor modelos matemáticos foi utilizado a Análise de Componentes Principais e Stepwise, utilizando como variáveis resposta a produtividade e os parâmetros de qualidade de cana-de-açúcar. Por meio de técnicas de geoestatística foi verificada a estabilidade temporal dos parâmetros de qualidade da cana-de-açúcar ao decorrer dos ciclos e as porcentagens de erros de estimação dos modelos confeccionados. Não foi possível identificar padrões de estabilidade temporal da qualidade da cana-de-açúcar ao longo do experimento, contudo, com a metodologia proposta pode-se identificar a influência que os atributos do solo e planta possuem na produtividade e nos parâmetros de qualidade da cana-de-açúcar, sendo os teores de matéria orgânica, P, K, pH e H+Al as variáveis que ditaram os modelos propostos, sendo que esses obtiveram coeficientes de determinação variando de 6 a 80%, com valores de resíduos decimais e mostrando distribuição normal, com porcentagens de erros de estimação na sua maioria entre ± 1%Abstract: Within the same crop area there is a spatial and temporal variability in yield and crop quality. Techniques for Precision Agriculture (PA) are used to quantify this variability, thus being able to identify areas of high and low profitability and quality, hence enabling the identification of the factors that may influence for such an event. In this context this project has as proposal by PA techniques identify in the field the relationship between the soil and yield/quality of the raw material. This study aims to assess how the yield and sugar cane quality parameters (Brix, pol and fibre) vary within the field; verify how the physical chemical soil attributes and leaf nitrogen affects the yield and quality of the sugar cane, and analyzes the pattern of the temporal stability of the sugar cane quality parameters throughout the crop cycles. The experiment was carried out an sugar cane crop area selected and georeferenced of 10 ha, belonging to the São João Mill (SJC Bioenergia), located in the Araras - SP. In this area a 30x30m grid sampling was used to sample quality sugar cane parameters and physical-chemical soil attributes, totaling 117 sampling points. All samplings were performed during the years 2008 - plant cane, first ratoon (2009-2010) and second ratoon (2011). To identify the influence of the variables on yield and quality of sugar cane, Pearson's linear correlation analysis was performed, based on predetermined management zones. Principal component analysis and stepwise approach was used to select the variables in order to propose mathematical models, using as response variables the yield and sugar cane quality parameters. By means of geostatistics it was verified the temporal stability of the sugar cane quality parameters during the crop cycles and the percentages of estimations errors made by the models. It was not possible to identify patterns of temporal stability for the quality parameters along the experiment, but with the proposed methodology, it was possible to identify the influence that soil attributes and plant had in yield and sugar cane quality parameters, being the soil organic matter, P, K, pH e H+Al the variables which driven the proposed models, who had R2 ranging from 6 to 80% with decimals residues showing normal distribution and percentages of estimation errors mostly within ± 1% along the whole experimentDoutoradoMaquinas AgricolasDoutor em Engenharia Agrícol

    Environmental values in the Brazilian Northeast: education for living in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco

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    [Resumo] Estreitar relações entre as instituições que começaram a partilhar uma área geograficamente delimitada, dispondo-se a preservar suas características naturais e possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável é o problema que direcionou o estudo cujos primeiros resultados aquí se relata. O local é conhecido como Fazenda Saco, área de 3.200 hectares situada no Sertão do Pajeú, administrada pelo Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA). Dentre as instituições beneficiárias da partilha estão a Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, o Parque Estadual Mata da Pimenteira e o Assentamento Ivan Souto de Oliveira. Objetivou-se delinear a identidade cultural e ecológica da comunidade de moradores da Fazenda Saco, de maneira a, numa etapa subsequente, e fundamentado nos valores que os seus membros julgam importantes, adaptar um programa de treinamento sobre os valores Cooperação e Respeito, visando tornar a relação cultura/ambiente enriquecedora para todos. O método de pesquisa-ação possibilitou identificar dados socioeconómicos e o que orienta a preocupação ambiental da comunidade residente na Fazenda Saco (preocupação biosférica, altruista ou egoística). Essa metodologia permitiu establecer também um início de relação cooperativa entre as instituições envolvidas e o respeito mútuo.[Abstract] Closer the relations between institutions that began to share a geographically delimited area, preparing to preserve their natural characteristics and enable sustainable development is the problem that led to the study whose frst results are reported here. The site is known as Fazenda Saco, an area of 3,200 hectares located in the Sertão do Pajeú, administered by the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA). Among the benefciaries of the sharing are the Serra Talhada Academic Unit, the Mata da Pimenteira State Park and the Ivan Souto de Oliveira Settlement. The goal was to outline the cultural and ecological identity of the community of residents of Saco Farm, so that, at a subsequent stage, and based on the values that its members deem important, adapt a training program on the values Cooperation and Respect, aiming at making the relationship culture / environment enriching for all. The action-research method made it possible to identify socioeconomic data and the environmental concern of the community residing at Saco Farm (biospheric, altruistic or egoistic concern). This methodology also allowed us to establish a cooperative relationship between the institutions involved and mutual respect

    Assistência de enfermagem a paciente com diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão de literatura

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    The aim was to analyze the evidence in the literature about nursing care in Primary Care for patients who had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative literature review, the selected databases were: PubMed, SciELO and the VHL database platform. The following descriptors were used: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care and Public Health. The research resulted in 325 works, after reading only 11 articles were selected, which were classified into four categories, namely: Understanding the potential of care; identifying the factors that affect the results; Capacity building/training/knowledge; Weaknesses of care. It is concluded that the management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in Primary Care becomes extremely relevant for reducing maternal-fetal complications as well as for decreasing the incidence of progression to type 2 diabetes.Objetivou-se analisar as evidências na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem na Atenção Básica a paciente que apresentaram o Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, as bases de dados selecionadas foram: PubMed, SciELO e a plataforma de base de dados BVS. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care e Public Health. Resultou-se das pesquisas 325 obras, após a leitura foram selecionados apenas 11 artigos, que foram classificados em quatro categoria, são elas: Compreendendo as potencialidades do cuidado; identificando os fatores que interferem nos resultados; Capacitação/treinamento/conhecimento; Fragilidades do cuidado.  Conclui-se que o manejo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional na Atenção Básica torna-se extremamente relevante para a diminuição das complicações materno-fetais como também na diminuição da incidência da progressão para a diabetes tipo 2

    Assistência de enfermagem a paciente com diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão de literatura

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    The aim was to analyze the evidence in the literature about nursing care in Primary Care for patients who had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative literature review, the selected databases were: PubMed, SciELO and the VHL database platform. The following descriptors were used: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care and Public Health. The research resulted in 325 works, after reading only 11 articles were selected, which were classified into four categories, namely: Understanding the potential of care; identifying the factors that affect the results; Capacity building/training/knowledge; Weaknesses of care. It is concluded that the management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in Primary Care becomes extremely relevant for reducing maternal-fetal complications as well as for decreasing the incidence of progression to type 2 diabetes.Objetivou-se analisar as evidências na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem na Atenção Básica a paciente que apresentaram o Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, as bases de dados selecionadas foram: PubMed, SciELO e a plataforma de base de dados BVS. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care e Public Health. Resultou-se das pesquisas 325 obras, após a leitura foram selecionados apenas 11 artigos, que foram classificados em quatro categoria, são elas: Compreendendo as potencialidades do cuidado; identificando os fatores que interferem nos resultados; Capacitação/treinamento/conhecimento; Fragilidades do cuidado.  Conclui-se que o manejo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional na Atenção Básica torna-se extremamente relevante para a diminuição das complicações materno-fetais como também na diminuição da incidência da progressão para a diabetes tipo 2

    Coffee crop management zone delimitation using chlorophyll index and leaf analysis

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    The objective of this work was to define management zones for fertilizer application in coffee crop by using the K-means and the Fuzzy C-Means methods. The data used to define management zones were the chlorophyll index measured by SPAD sensor and the nutritional coffee leaf analysis performed in laboratory. The study was conducted in Jatoba Farm, located in Paula Candido, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The data was collected in November, 2007 when the coffee fruits were starting their development. The coffee variety was Coffea arabica Catuai, and the total analyzed area was 2.1 ha. The management zones were generated using different set of data: the SPAD values; the N, P and K leaf concentrations; the N and Ca leaf concentrations; the N, Zn and B leaf concentrations; the N, P, K, Ca and S leaf concentrations; and the N, Ca and S leaf concentrations. The management zones generated by using K-means and Fuzzy C-Means did not present difference in management zone delimitation. The management zones defined by using the SPAD values were different from the ones generated by using leaf analysis.Objetiva-se, com este trabalho, definir zonas de manejo para cafeicultura por meio dos métodos K-Means e Fuzzy C-Means, com base em determinações realizadas com sensor de clorofila e por análise foliar, e avaliar as zonas de manejo obtidas usando-se os dois métodos de agrupamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Jatobá, localizada no município de Paula Cândido, MG, durante o mês de novembro de 2007, enquanto a lavoura se apresentava no estado chumbinho. A área avaliada apresenta uma lavoura de Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí de 2,1 ha. Foram definidas, por meio dos dois métodos propostos, as zonas de manejo, com base nas seguintes análises: Valores de SPAD; concentrações foliares de N, P e K; concentrações foliares de N e Ca; concentrações foliares de N; concentrações foliares de N, Zn e B; concentrações foliares de N, P, K, Ca e S e concentrações foliares de N, Ca e S. Os métodos de agrupamento de dados K-Means e Fuzzy C-Means não apresentaram diferenças na geração das zonas de manejo. Houve baixa similaridade entre as zonas de manejo geradas com uso do SPAD e concentrações foliares.77878

    Optimal sample size and composition for crop classification with Sen2-Agri’s random forest classifier

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    Sen2-Agri is a software system that was developed to facilitate the use of multi-temporal satellite data for crop classification with a random forest (RF) classifier in an operational setting. It automatically ingests and processes Sentinel-2 and LandSat 8 images. Our goal was to provide practitioners with recommendations for the best sample size and composition. The study area was located in the Yaqui Valley in Mexico. Using polygons of more than 6000 labeled crop fields, we prepared data sets for training, in which the nine crops had an equal or proportional representation, called Equal or Ratio, respectively. Increasing the size of the training set improved the overall accuracy (OA). Gains became marginal once the total number of fields approximated 500 or 40 to 45 fields per crop type. Equal achieved slightly higher OAs than Ratio for a given number of fields. However, recall and F-scores of the individual crops tended to be higher for Ratio than for Equal. The high number of wheat fields in the Ratio scenarios, ranging from 275 to 2128, produced a more accurate classification of wheat than the maximal 80 fields of Equal. This resulted in a higher recall for wheat in the Ratio than in the Equal scenarios, which in turn limited the errors of commission of the non-wheat crops. Thus, a proportional representation of the crops in the training data is preferable and yields better accuracies, even for the minority crops

    Efeitos do treinamento da língua: revisão sistemática com metanálise

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    RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia de exercícios mioterápicos no aumento da pressão e da força lingual. Buscou-se, de forma secundária, analisar quais os tipos de exercícios utilizados, os parâmetros de treinamento e os resultados funcionais obtidos. Estratégia de pesquisa Revisão sistemática da literatura guiada conforme as diretrizes do protocolo Prisma. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram efeitos do treinamento muscular da língua, sem limite quanto ao idioma ou ano de publicação. Análise dos dados Incluiu as etapas de eliminação de artigos duplicados; leitura de resumos e exclusão de estudos que não contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade; leitura na íntegra dos artigos selecionados com extração de informações importantes, reunidas em tabela; e metanálise, realizada por meio do método do inverso da variância. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. A qualidade da evidência foi avaliada pelo Sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados A metanálise indicou aumento significativo da pressão máxima anterior e posterior como efeito do treinamento. O exercício mais utilizado foi pressão de língua contra o palato, mas os parâmetros de treinamento variaram entre estudos, não sendo possível afirmar que exercícios isolados promovem melhora funcional. A qualidade da evidência foi considerada baixa. Conclusão Os exercícios mioterápicos promovem o aumento da pressão anterior e posterior da língua de indivíduos adultos, porém a qualidade dessa evidência é baixa. Há variabilidade quanto aos tipos de exercícios utilizados e parâmetros de treinamento. Não é possível afirmar que os exercícios promovem melhora funcional

    Thermal monitoring of a Cryosol in a high marine terrace (Half Moon Island, Maritime Antarctica)

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    Abstract Active layer and permafrost are important indicators of climate changes in periglacial areas of Antarctica, and the soil thermal regime of Maritime Antarctica is sensitive to the current warming trend. This research aimed to characterize the active layer thermal regime of a patterned ground located at an upper marine terrace in Half Moon Island, during 2015-2018. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed at different soil depths, combined with air temperature, collecting hourly data. Statistical analysis was applied to describe the soil thermal regime and estimate active layer thickness. The thermal regime of the studied soil was typical of periglacial environment, with high variability in temperature and water content in the summer, resulting in frequent freeze-thaw cycles. We detected dominant freezing conditions, whereas soil temperatures increased, and the period of high soil moisture content lasted longer over the years. Active layer thickness varied between the years, reaching a maximum depth in 2018. Permafrost degradation affects soil drainage and triggers erosion in the upper marine terrace, where permafrost occurrence is unlikely. Longer monitoring periods are necessary for a detailed understanding on how current climatic and geomorphic conditions affect the unstable permafrost of low-lying areas of Antarctica (marine terraces)

    Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region

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    Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. While Ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, Ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental Europe. Vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide resistance is of great concern. As part of a Brazilian-Swiss Joint Research Programme we set out to assess whether there are any signs of existing or incipient insecticide resistance primarily against the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti), but also against currently applied and potentially alternative insecticides in our areas, Recife (Brazil) and the Swiss-Italian border region.; Following World Health Organization guidelines, dose-response curves for a range of insecticides were established for both colonized and field caught Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The larvicides included Bti, two of its toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Vectomax CG®, a formulated combination of Bti and L. sphaericus, and diflubenzuron. In addition to the larvicides, the Swiss-Italian Ae. albopictus populations were also tested against five adulticides (bendiocarb, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, malathion, permethrin and λ-cyhalothrin).; Showing a similar dose-response, all mosquito populations were fully susceptible to the larvicides tested and, in particular, to Bti which is currently used both in Brazil and Switzerland. In addition, there were no signs of incipient resistance against Bti as larvae were equally susceptible to the individual toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba. The field-caught Swiss-Italian populations were susceptible to the adulticides tested but DDT mortality rates showed signs of reduced susceptibility.; The insecticides currently used for mosquito control in Switzerland and Brazil are still effective against the target populations. The present study provides an important reference as relatively few insecticide susceptibility surveys have been carried out with Ae. albopictus

    Bayesian modelling of phosphorus content in wheat grain using hyperspectral reflectance data

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    Background: As a result of the technological progress, the use of sensors for crop survey has substantially increased, generating valuable information for modelling agricultural data. Plant spectroscopy jointly with statistical modeling can potentially help to assess certain chemical components of interest present in plants, which may be laborious and expensive to obtain by direct measurements. In this research, the phosphorus content in wheat grain is modeled using reflectance information measured by a hyperspectral sensor at different wavelengths. A Bayesian procedure for selecting variables was used to identify the set of the most important spectral bands. Additionally, three different models were evaluated: the first model assumes that the observations are independent, the other two models assume that the observations are spatially correlated: one of the proposed models, assumes spatial dependence using a Conditionally Autoregressive Model (CAR), and the other through an exponential correlogram. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated by means of the Deviance Information Criterion, and the predictive power is evaluated using cross validation. Results: We have found that CAR was the model that best fits and predicts the data. Additionally, the selection variable procedure in the CAR model reveals which wavelengths in the range of 500–690 nm are the most important. Comparing the vegetative indices with the CAR model, it was observed that the average correlation of the CAR model exceeded that of the vegetative indices by 23.26%, − 1.2% and 22.78% for the year 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively; therefore, the use of the proposed methodology outperformed the vegetative indices in prediction. Conclusions: The proposal to predict the phosphorus content in wheat grain using Bayesian approach, reflect with the results as a good alternative
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