ECOPSICOTERAPIA: A NATUREZA COMO FERRAMENTA TERAPÊUTICA

A relação estabelecida pelo homem e o ambiente como seu habitat tem sofrido alterações ao longo dos anos, no cenário globalizado e tecnológico atual percebe-se que houve um afastamento do homem ao ambiente natural, que culminou na atual crise ambiental. Defendendo a ideia de que o homem e a natureza estão intimamente ligados, e que mantêm uma relação de complementaridade, desenvolvemos este trabalho de revisão dos conceitos teóricos da Ecopsicologia e da teoria Junguiana com o objetivo de compreender as relações do adoecimento psíquico com a atual crise ambiental globalizada. Pretendemos compreender as relações do distanciamento do homem da natureza com a degradação socioambiental e o adoecimento, e verificar o papel da Psicologia nas questões ambientais e na promoção da reconexão do homem com o natural para promover saúde, bem estar e contribuir com a sustentabilidade, bem como, analisar os benefícios terapêuticos que o contato com o meio natural podem proporcionar ao ser humano.Palavras-chave: Ecopsicologia. Saúde Ambiental. Sustentabilidade. Crise Ambiental

Health Education to Strengthen Breastfeeding Actions

Introduction: Breast milk is, without a doubt, the food that provides all the nutrients essential for the healthy growth and development of children. Through effective breastfeeding practices, it is possible to prevent several chronic noncommunicable diseases in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Objective: To investigate the relevance of using an educational strategy in breastfeeding promotion. Methods: It was a descriptive study with uncontrolled analytical approach conducted with 36 mothers of children under 2 years of age about breastfeeding, through an educational intervention using the booklet “Breastfeeding: an act of love”. Data collection took place in two moments (pre-test and post-test). Ethics Committee approved the project under protocol No. 058657. Results: Data analysis revealed that 41.6% of the interviewees stated that they did not receive guidance about breast problems from any professional during prenatal care, and 22% reported having presented nipple fissures. Regarding the initiation of breastfeeding, 11.1% of the women interviewed did not knowthe importance of colostrum, and 30.6% did not know its benefits. Assessment of the mothers’ knowledge before and after the intervention obtained a percentage of correctness of 50.7% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: The educational activity to encourage breastfeeding was able to increase the mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding and its health benefits for women and children. It is imperative to carry out activities such as the one proposed in this study, which enables the prevention of several problems that directly affect the health of families, acting effectively to promote a solid knowledge for the population. Keywords: Breast Feeding. Child Health. Health Education. Infant Nutrition. Food and Nutrition Education

ROS suppression by egg white hydrolysate in DOCA-salt rats—An alternative tool against vascular dysfunction in severe hypertension

This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Properties and Potential Mechanisms of Protein Hydrolysates.This study aimed to evaluate the potential for lowering blood pressure and beneficial effects on mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and conductance vessels (aorta) produced by dietary supplementation of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) in rats with severe hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone plus salt treatment (DOCA-salt), as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The DOCA-salt model presented higher blood pressure, which was significantly reduced by EWH. The impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation and eNOS expression observed in MRA and aorta from DOCA-salt rats was ameliorated by EWH. This effect on vessels (MRA and aorta) was related to the antioxidant effect of EWH, since hydrolysate intake prevented the NF-κB/TNFα inflammatory pathway and NADPH oxidase-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as the mitochondrial source of ROS in MRA. At the plasma level, EWH blocked the higher ROS and MDA generation by DOCA-salt treatment, without altering the antioxidant marker. In conclusion, EWH demonstrated an antihypertensive effect in a model of severe hypertension. This effect could be related to its endothelium-dependent vasodilator properties mediated by an ameliorated vessel’s redox imbalance and inflammatory state.This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq [Edital Universal/CNPq No 44181/2014-9 and PQ/CNPq 311834/2020-5]; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul—FAPERGS/Brazil [PQG:19/2551-0001810-0]; Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica; Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa—Universidade Federal do Pampa [N. 20180615102630]; FAPES/CNPq/PRONEX [N. 80598773], Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP 2019/08026-5), and Spanish Goverment by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [AGL2017-89213]; I-COOP+2020 (COOPA 20453). ELA were supported by CAPES/Brazil, CRM by FAPERGS/Brazil and PHD, CTH by Unipampa. LVR are research fellows from CNPq (312237/2021-9).Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

ECOPSICOTERAPIA: A NATUREZA COMO FERRAMENTA TERAPÊUTICA

A relação estabelecida pelo homem e o ambiente como seu habitat tem sofrido alterações ao longo dos anos, no cenário globalizado e tecnológico atual percebe-se que houve um afastamento do homem ao ambiente natural, que culminou na atual crise ambiental. Defendendo a ideia de que o homem e a natureza estão intimamente ligados, e que mantêm uma relação de complementaridade, desenvolvemos este trabalho de revisão dos conceitos teóricos da Ecopsicologia e da teoria Junguiana com o objetivo de compreender as relações do adoecimento psíquico com a atual crise ambiental globalizada. Pretendemos compreender as relações do distanciamento do homem da natureza com a degradação socioambiental e o adoecimento, e verificar o papel da Psicologia nas questões ambientais e na promoção da reconexão do homem com o natural para promover saúde, bem estar e contribuir com a sustentabilidade, bem como, analisar os benefícios terapêuticos que o contato com o meio natural podem proporcionar ao ser humano.Palavras-chave: Ecopsicologia. Saúde Ambiental. Sustentabilidade. Crise Ambiental

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents

Objective. Identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease inadolescents. Methodology. Descriptive cross-sectional study,conducted from May to September 2012, in the public schools ofthe city of Picos (Piaui State, Brazil). The sample consisted of 320adolescents 10-19 years. Results. As to gender, 60% were female.With regard to blood pressure values, 15.3% of participants hadaltered blood pressure values (6.9% with hypertension) and, inrelation to nutritional status, 15.6% were overweight and 5.3%obese. None of the variables showed statistically significantdifferences according to sex. Correlation were found between thevariables: family history of hypertension with arm circumferenceand triceps skinfold; maternal education with triceps skinfoldthickness and diastolic blood pressure; uptime with body massindex, arm circumference, waist-hip ratio and heart rate; birthweight with body mass index and arm circumference. Conclusion.A significant proportion of adolescent respondents had risk factorsfor cardiovascular disease. Nursing should lead the adoption ofinterventions that promote the improvement of healthy lifestyle inadolescence, thus avoiding not only cardiovascular disease, butalso other chronic diseases that can develop.Key words: Risk factors; cardiovascular diseases; nursing;adolescent.Objetivo. Identificar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adolescentes. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo do tipo transversal, realizado de maio a setembro de 2012, nas escolas públicas do município de Picos (Estado de Piauí, Brasil). A amostra foi composta por 320 adolescentes, de 10 a 19 anos. Resultados. Com relação ao sexo, 60% eram feminino. No que diz respeito aos valores pressóricos, 15.3% dos participantes apresentaram valores de pressão arterial alterados (6.9% com hipertensão arterial) e com relação ao estado nutricional, 15.6% apresentaram sobrepeso e 5.3% obesidade, em nenhuma das variáveis se observou diferenças estatisticamente significativas por sexo. Encontrou-se correlação entre as variáveis: antecedentes familiares de hipertensão arterial com circunferência do braço e prega cutânea tricipital; escolaridade materna com prega cutânea tricipital e pressão arterial diastólica; tempo de atividade com índice de massa corporal, circunferência do braço, relação cintura-quadril e frequência cardíaca; peso ao nascer com índice de massa corporal e circunferência do braço. Conclusão. Uma proporção importante dos adolescente pesquisados apresentou fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. A enfermagem deve conduzir a adoção de intervenções que promovam a melhoria do estilo de vida saudável na adolescência, evitando assim, não só a doença cardiovascular, mas também outras doenças crônicas que podem ser desenvolvidasObjetivo. Identificar los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en adolescentes. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, llevado a cabo entre mayo y septiembre de 2012, en las escuelas públicas del municipio de Picos (Estado de Piauí, Brasil). La muestra estuvo constituida por 320 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. Resultados. El 60% de los participantes era de sexo femenino. El 15.3% de los participantes presentó valores de presión arterial alterados (6.9% con hipertensión arterial). Con relación al estado nutricional, el 15.6 tuvo sobrepeso y el 5.3% obesidad. En ninguna de las dos variables se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo. Existe correlación entre las variables: historia familiar de hipertensión con la circunferencia del brazo y pliegue tricipital; educación de la madre con el espesor del pliegue cutáneo tricipital y con la presión arterial diastólica; el tiempo de actividad con el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia del brazo tasa, la relación y el corazón cintura-cadera; el peso al nacer con el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia del brazo. Conclusión. Una proporción importante de los adolescentes encuestados tienen factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular. Enfermería debe liderar la adopción de intervenciones que propendan por el mejoramiento de los estilos de vida saludables en la adolescencia, previniendo de esa forma, no solo las enfermedades cardiovasculares, sino también otras enfermedades crónicas que pueden ser desarrolladas