Auctions with Resale Market and Asymmetric Information

In this paper we study the role of resale opportunities in secondary markets over the bidding process in first and second price auctions. This trade opportunity arises owing to the presence of two factors. On the one hand, after receiving the object, the winner obtains new information about the object’s value and on the other hand, the winner may suffer a liquidity shock that force him to sell the object regardless of his valuation. The buyer in the secondary market, however, does not know if the good is being sold because the new information reveals bad news regarding the object’s valuation, or because a liquidity shock affected the seller. Our results show that revenue equivalence still holds, and bids are usually lower than those observed in the absence of liquidity shocks.Auctions, resale market, adverse selection

Parámetros que intervienen en la construcción y terminación superficial de obras de hormigón a la vista

Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)La investigación pretende reunir las consideraciones que debe tener un profesional al momento de construir con hormigón a la vista y establecer los pasos necesarios para trabajar con este tipo de terminación, identificar los parámetros, proporcionar métodos a seguir, materiales a utilizar, ensayos, compactación del hormigón y desmolde. Se investiga alguna forma de poder cuantificar el color, y también comparar los costos de una obra de hormigón revestido con hormigón a la vista. Los procedimientos que se utilizaron para esta investigación fueron, observar en visitas a terreno los errores que se comenten, realizar experimentos en laboratorios y en obras. Estos experimentos lograron mostrar que la silicona y la goma ayudan a obtener la estanqueidad en los moldajes para una mejor terminación

Carotid Body Type-I Cells Under Chronic Sustained Hypoxia: Focus on Metabolism and Membrane Excitability

Chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH) evokes ventilatory acclimatization characterized by a progressive hyperventilation due to a potentiation of the carotid body (CB) chemosensory response to hypoxia. The transduction of the hypoxic stimulus in the CB begins with the inhibition of K+ currents in the chemosensory (type-I) cells, which in turn leads to membrane depolarization, Ca2+ entry and the subsequent release of one- or more-excitatory neurotransmitters. Several studies have shown that CSH modifies both the level of transmitters and chemoreceptor cell metabolism within the CB. Most of these studies have been focused on the role played by such putative transmitters and modulators of CB chemoreception, but less is known about the effect of CSH on metabolism and membrane excitability of type-I cells. In this mini-review, we will examine the effects of CSH on the ion channels activity and excitability of type-I cell, with a particular focus on the effects of CSH on the TASK-like background K+ channel. We propose that changes on TASK-like channel activity induced by CSH may contribute to explain the potentiation of CB chemosensory activity

Analysis of the influence of the moment the internationalization process begins on the internationalization intensity of family and nonfamily businesses: An approach using a Tobit model

This article belongs to the Special Issue International Business Management: New Perspectives on Leadership, Strategy and Marketing.The specific characteristics of family businesses as well as the internationalization path followed can influence the intensity of the internationalization process. Many studies have analyzed how family character can influence the internationalization process of family businesses, and the results obtained have not been conclusive. Nevertheless, previous research has not sufficiently addressed the influence that the moment of initiation of the internationalization process has on the levels of internationalization achieved. Based on the behavioral agency model, the unique set of business resources (familiness), and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective, this study examines, the internationalization intensity of family and nonfamily businesses in two defined groups (early internationalization and internationalization from the local market). Likewise, the effect that the entry of the second generation has on the internationalization of these companies is analyzed. To perform this analysis, Tobit regression models are estimated from a data set of panel data from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies for small and medium-sized Spanish family businesses from 2005 to 2016, finding that family ownership and management have a negative influence on the intensity of exports, regardless of the path of internationalization followed, and that the entry of new generations has a positive relationship with the level of internationalization of these businesses. Finally, implications of the findings for research and management are discussed.UC3M. Departamento de Economía de la Empres

Application of ensemble pharmacophore-based virtual screening to the discovery of novel antimitotic tubulin inhibitors

Tubulin is a well-validated target for herbicides, fungicides, anti-parasitic, and anti-tumor drugs. Many of the non-cancer tubulin drugs bind to its colchicine site but no colchicine-site anticancer drug is available. The colchicine site is composed of three interconnected sub-pockets that fit their ligands and modify others’ preference, making the design of molecular hybrids (that bind to more than one sub-pocket) a difficult task. Taking advantage of the more than eighty published X-ray structures of tubulin in complex with ligands bound to the colchicine site, we generated an ensemble of pharmacophore representations that flexibly sample the interactional space between the ligands and target. We searched the ZINC data- base for scaffolds able to fit several of the subpockets, such as tetrazoles, sulfonamides and diaryl-methanes, selected roughly ~8000 compounds with favorable predicted properties. A Flexi-pharma virtual screening, based on ensemble pharmacophore, was performed by two different methodologies. Combining the scaffolds that best fit the ensemble pharmacophore-representation, we designed a new family of ligands, resulting in a novel tubulin modulator. We synthesized tetrazole 5 and tested it as a tubulin inhibitor in vitro. In good agreement with the design principles, it demonstrated micromolar activity against in vitro tubulin polymerization and nanomolar anti-proliferative effect against human epithelioid carcinoma HeLa cells through microtubule disruption, as shown by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The integrative methodology succedes in the design of new scaffolds for flexible pro- teins with structural coupling between pockets, thus expanding the way in which computational methods can be used as significant tools in the drug design process.The authors acknowledge the support of the Enlighten Your Research LatinAmerica2Europe (EYR-LA2EU) programme. I.L, R.O. and P.C. were also supported by MinCiencias, University of Antioquia, Ruta N, Colombia and the Max Planck Society, Germany. L.G-Y. and R.P-L. acknowledge the support by the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (SA262P18 and SA116P20) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-099474-BI00), co-funded by the EU’s European Regional Development Fund-FEDER. D.R. was supported by the CONICYT-PCI grant N° REDES190074 and FONDECYT grant N° 11180604. This work has been partially carried out on the ACME cluster, which is owned by CIEMAT and funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project CODEC2 (TIN2015-63562-R) with FEDER funds as well as supported by the CYTED co-founded RICAP Network (517RT0529)

How Can Physical Inactivity in Girls Be Explained? A Socioecological Study in Public, Subsidized, and Private Schools

In the last few years, the World Health Organization has highlighted that physical inactivity is a global issue affecting women to a greater extent than men. Faced with this, different nation states have developed public policies to reduce physical inactivity at school; however, the biomedical and individualistic models used have generated widespread criticism, as figures remain the same. In the context of failed interventions on increasing levels of physical activity, this study utilizes a socioecological model to analyze and understand how physical inactivity is reproduced in girls in the Chilean education system. A qualitative study was implemented, as it allows a focus on the entailed meanings, context, and processes. Active semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 groups comprising headmasters, teachers, non-teachers, students, and families. The results show that physical inactivity is linked to factors that go beyond the individualistic model; that is, consideration must include intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy dimensions. Furthermore, gender stereotypes gain relevance in physical education classes, in addition to friendships and family, teaching, and administrative work, access to safe play areas, use of spaces, and widespread cultural factors associated with men and women. This study concludes that the assessed gender differences should be approached from a pedagogical perspective beyond common sense, further reporting that the individualized explanation for physical inactivity is irrelevant to answer why women are more inactive than men

A cross-sectional study to compare levels of psychiatric morbidity between young people and adults exposed to violence in a large urban center

Background Teenagers and young adults are more exposed to violence and traumatic events than adults, and these factors can be associated with mental disorders. This paper aims at investigating whether young people are more exposed to violence and traumatic events and to compare pattern of mental disorders with adults. Methods Cross-sectional study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, conducted between 2007 and 2008 with a randomly selected sample of 15 to 75 year-old residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Results Two thousand five hundred thirty-six participants were divided into two groups: 1096 (43.2 %) young people (15 to 24 years), and 1440 (56.8 %) adults (25 to 75 years). 12-month exposure to traumatic events was higher among young people (32.1 % vs. 20.6 %; p < 0.001). Assaultive violence was reported by 13.4 % of young people and 8.6 % of adults (p = 0.012); 20.1 % of young people and 13 % of adults reported suffering other injury or shocking events (p < 0.001); sudden death/life threatening illness of a close person was declared by 6.1 % of young people and 3.2 % of adults (p = 0.017). Prevalence of alcohol related disorders was higher among young people (5.4 % vs. 2.5 %; P = 0.032); depressive disorders were more prevalent among adults (9.0 % vs. 4.7 %; P = 0.004). Alcohol related disorders were associated to assaultive violence among young people (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 1.36 to 8.52; p = 0.004) and adults (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI = 1.23 to 4.61; p = 0.002). Phobic/anxiety disorders were associated to other injury or shocking events among young people (OR = 1.28; 95 % CI = 0.67 to 2.44; p = 0.025). Major depressive disorder was associated to assaultive violence among young people (OR = 2.27; 95 % CI = 1.09 to 4.74; p = 0.004) and adults (OR = 1.28; 95 % CI = 0.85 to 1.93; p = 0.009). Conclusion Exposure to violence and traumatic events was higher among young people. Alcohol related disorders, depression and phobic/anxiety disorders were significantly higher among young people exposed to traumatic events. Despite the study design, high exposure to violence and traumatic events in this age group can be considered important factors in triggering mental disorders in this vulnerable age period

Obstáculos para ser esportista de alto rendimento no Chile

The massification of sports has made visible the interaction of various dimensions of performance that favor or hinder the development of high-performance athletes. Some of these are the social and cultural context in which athletes live, the influence of public policies on the long-term development of sports careers, the family environment, friends, coaches, as well as nutritional and psychological aspects. This qualitative study seeks to understand from the voice of athletes what are the aspects considered as obstacles to high performance in Chile. The results show that the obstacles are the lack of support, dual career, implementation to train and gender discrimination. It concludes by proposing new horizons for public policies in the framework of supporting athletes who take charge of solving these obstacles.La masificación de los deportes ha hecho visible la interacción de varias dimensiones del rendimiento que favorecen o dificultan el desarrollo de un deportista de alto rendimiento. Algunas de estas dimensiones son el contexto social/cultural en el que viven los deportistas, la influencia de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo a largo plazo de las carreras deportivas, el entorno familiar, de amigos y entrenadores, así como también aspectos nutricionales y psicológicos. Este estudio de tipo cualitativo busca comprender desde la voz de los y las deportistas cuáles son los aspectos considerados como obstaculizadores para el alto rendimiento en Chile. Los resultados demuestran que son obstaculizadores la falta de apoyo, la carrera dual, implementación para entrenar y discriminación de género. Se concluye proponiendo nuevos horizontes para las políticas públicas en el marco del apoyo a deportistas que se hagan cargo de resolver estos obstaculizadores. A massificação do esporte tornou visível a interação de várias dimensões do desempenho que favorecem ou dificultam o desenvolvimento de um atleta de alto rendimento. Algumas delas são o contexto sociocultural em que os atletas vivem, a influência das políticas públicas no desenvolvimento a longo prazo da carreira esportiva, o ambiente familiar, amigos, treinadores, além de aspectos nutricionais e psicológicos. Este estudo qualitativo busca compreender a partir da voz dos atletas quais são os aspectos considerados como obstáculos ao alto rendimento no Chile. Os resultados mostram que os obstáculos são a falta de apoio, dupla carreira, implementação de formação e discriminação de gênero. Conclui propondo novos horizontes para as políticas públicas no âmbito do apoio aos atletas que se encarregam de resolver esses obstáculos

Gangrena de Fournier en paciente obeso con COVID-19: reporte de caso

La Gangrena de Fournier (GF) es una fascitis necrotizante que afecta los planos superficiales. Se presenta frecuentemente en hombres entre 50 y 79 años con una elevada tasa de mortalidad, la cual aumenta con la presencia de factores de riesgo destacándose entre ellos la diabetes y obesidad. Se reporta el caso de un paciente obeso diagnosticado con COVID-19 antes del ingreso y tratado con corticoides, que acude por aparente celulitis escrotal que evoluciona a GF, la cual fue diagnosticada 2 días luego de la hospitalización. Se le realiza intervención quirúrgica inmediata, previa cobertura antibiótica. La COVID-19 no tuvo relevancia clínica en la evolución y pronóstico de la GF; sin embargo, fueron las terapias desmesuradas las que influyeron negativamente. A pesar de ello, el paciente evolucionó favorablemente hasta su recuperación total. Palabras clave: Gangrena de Fournier, obesidad, COVID-19 (MeSH) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2020.v16i01.1

Salar de Infieles (25°S-69°O): ocupaciones alfareras, arte rupestre e interrelaciones culturales de un asentamiento de las tierras altas, Región de Atacama, Chile

Se presentan los resultados de las excavaciones y análisis de artefactos, ecofactos y arte rupestre del sitio Infieles-1, Puna de Atacama, Chile. Este sitio se emplaza adyacente a un paredón de ignimbrita con diversas manifestaciones rupestres. El análisis de estas pinturas y grabado, junto a la excavación realizada permitió identificar tres ocupaciones alfareras. La primera se relaciona con portadores de cerámica Condorhuasi-Río Diablo del Formativo del Noroeste de Argentina, unida a manifestaciones que poseen referentes en la modalidad estilística Punta del Pueblo de Antofagasta de la Sierra (500-1000 d.C.), coherente con el fechado radiocarbónico (AMS) obtenido en Infieles-1. A continuación, y hacia fines de este lapso, se identificaron posibles motivos Ánimas y, por último, un tercer momento asociado probablemente al Período Intermedio Tardío/Período Tardío, a partir de manifestaciones culturales del norte y centro de la región de Atacama. Asimismo, se describe sucintamente el arte rupestre histórico del sitio, analizando sus definiciones e implicancias culturales. En síntesis, se caracterizan y discuten, desde una perspectiva internodal y de tráfico regional e interregional, las ocupaciones temporales y diacrónicas del sitio por parte de grupos locales, responsables del arte rupestre en Infieles durante la época alfarera, y que manifiestan acentuadas interrelaciones culturales con espacios trasandinos