Algoritmo de control anticipatorio assisted-as-needed para neurorrehabilitación funcional de extremidad superior

Los dispositivos robóticos se están convirtiendo en una alternativa muy extendida a las terapias de neurorrehabilitación funcional tradicionales al ofrecer una práctica más intensiva sin incrementar el tiempo empleado en la supervisión por parte de los terapeutas especialistas. Por ello, este trabajo de investigación propone un algoritmo de control anticipatorio que, bajo el paradigma 'assisted-as-needed', proporcione a una ortesis robótica las capacidades de actuación necesarias para comportarse tal y como lo haría un terapeuta que proporciona una sesión de terapia manual. Dicho algoritmo de control ha sido validado mediante un simulador robótico obteniéndose resultados que demuestran su eficacia

Depth sensors-based upper limb motion capture system for functional neurorehabilitation

Versatile and accurate motion capture systems, with the required properties to be integrated within both clinical and domiciliary environments, would represent a significant advance in following the progress of the patients as well as in allowing the incorporation of new data exploitation and analysis methods to enhance the functional neurorehabilitation therapeutic processes. Besides, these systems would permit the later development of new applications focused on the automatization of the therapeutic tasks in order to increase the therapist/patient ratio, thus decreasing the costs [1]. However, current motion capture systems are not still ready to work within uncontrolled environments

Clasificación de sujetos según el control motor de la extremidad superior en Neurorrehabilitación Funcional

El presente trabajo propone la aplicación de las redes neuronales artificiales (RNA) en la comparación del movimiento de la extremidad superior entre sujetos con Daño Cerebral Adquirido y sujetos sanos. La finalidad de esta comparación es clasificar a los sujetos según su control motor para posteriormente emitir una valoración funcional del movimiento como parte de un método de evaluación objetiva en neurorrehabiliatación funcional de extremidad superior. Para realizar esta comparación se propone un método en el que se aplica un pre-procesado a los datos usando análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para reducir la dimensión de los mismos y entrenar la red. Fueron evaluadas diferentes estructuras de redes. El resultado obtenido con el método propuesto fue de un 95.65% de exactitud en la clasificación. Este resultado permite certificar el uso de las RNAs como una opción viable para la evaluación disfuncional del movimiento de sujetos sanos y con DCA. Esta investigación puede ser considerada como un estudio piloto para investigaciones en mayor profundidad que corroboren estos resultados

Comparación del movimiento de alcance entre sujetos Sanos y Patológicos en Neurorrehabilitación Funcional de Extremidad Superior

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito principal realizar una comparación del movimiento de alcance entre sujetos aquejados de Daño Cerebral Adquirido y el correspondiente patrón de normalidad. La finalidad de esta comparación es detectar los déficits motores que permitan posteriormente emitir una valoración funcional del movimiento como parte de un método de evaluación objetiva de la función motora. La comparación del movimiento se basa en las medidas de parámetros espaciales y de similitud. En este trabajo se han utilizado modelos de movimiento de sujetos sanos en ejecuciones de Actividades de Vida Diaria (e.g. 'servir agua de una jarra'), como punto de referencia para encontrar diferencias relevantes con respecto a los datos de movimiento de cuatro pacientes bajo un proceso de Neurorrehabilitación Funcional de Extremidad Superi

Dysfunctional profile for patients in physical neurorehabilitation of upper limb

This paper proposes a first approach to Objective Motor Assessment (OMA) methodology. Also, it introduces the Dysfunctional profile (DP) concept. DP consists of a data matrix characterizing the Upper Limb (UL) physical alterations of a patient with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) during the rehabilitation process. This research is based on the comparison methology of UL movement between subjects with ABI and healthy subjects as part of OMA. The purpose of this comparison is to classify subjects according to their motor control and subsequently issue a functional assessment of the movement. For this purpose Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been used to classify patients. Different network structures are tested. The obtained classification accuracy was 95.65%. This result allows the use of ANNs as a viable option for dysfunctional assessment. This work can be considered a pilot study for further research to corroborate these results

Síntese, caracterização e processamento por prensagem uniaxial a frio de ânodo NiO/ReYSZ utilizado em células combustíveis de óxido sólido

Há crescente interesse científico no desenvolvimento de novos materiais e novas tecnologias de fabricação de células a combustível. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar e aplicar a metodologia de prensagem uniaxial a frio para deposição do ânodo nas células a combustível de óxido sólido. Zircônia dopada com 11% mol de óxido de ítrio obtido por óxidos mistos de terras raras, foi utilizado como material para o eletrólito e suporte do ânodo. Foram construídas células simétricas (ânodo/eletrólito/ânodo) variando a massa do suporte de ânodo para estudar o comportamento elétrico. Os componentes das amostras foram compactados juntos, seguido de sinterização. O material catalítico, óxido de níquel, foi depositado nas superfícies das amostras numa proporção de 1mmg para cada superfície. As amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-x revelando presença da YSZ-11 e do óxido de níquel nas superfícies das amostras, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura comprovando a uniformidade da distribuição do óxido de níquel e por espectroscopia de impedância, sendo a menor resistência associada às amostras com menor quantidade em massa de suporte de ânodo.There is growing scientific interest in the development of new materials and new fuel cell manufacturing technologies. The objective of this work is to study and apply the cold uniaxial pressing methodology for anode deposition in solid oxide fuel cells. Zirconia doped with 11 mol% of yttrium oxide obtained by mixed rare earth oxides, was used as material for the electrolyte and anode support. Symmetric cells (anode/electrolyte/anode) were constructed by varying the mass of the anode support to study the electrical behavior. The components of the samples were compacted together, followed by sintering. The catalytic material, nickel oxide, was deposited on the surfaces of the samples at a ratio of 1mmg to each surface. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction revealing the presence of YSZ-11 and nickel oxide on the surfaces of the samples, by scanning electron microscopy proving the uniformity of the nickel oxide distribution and by impedance spectroscopy, with the lowest resistance associated to the samples with lower anode support mass

Upper Limb Portable Motion Analysis System Based on Inertial Technology for Neurorehabilitation Purpose

Here an inertial sensor-based monitoring system for measuring and analyzing upper limb movements is presented. The final goal is the integration of this motion-tracking device within a portable rehabilitation system for brain injury patients. A set of four inertial sensors mounted on a special garment worn by the patient provides the quaternions representing the patient upper limb’s orientation in space. A kinematic model is built to estimate 3D upper limb motion for accurate therapeutic evaluation. The human upper limb is represented as a kinematic chain of rigid bodies with three joints and six degrees of freedom. Validation of the system has been performed by co-registration of movements with a commercial optoelectronic tracking system. Successful results are shown that exhibit a high correlation among signals provided by both devices and obtained at the Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital

Long-term immune response accompanies clinical outcomes in severe asthmatics treated with anti-IL-5/IL-5R biologics

This work was supported by ISCIII - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria - Spanish Health Research Fund) grants PI21/00896 and FI19/00067; Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); SEAIC grants 22A07; BASEAS STUDY (Basophils in EosinophilicAsthma) Study Code ESR-20-20764 AstraZeneca International; Comunidad de Madrid grant PEJ2021-AI_BMD-22320 and FEDER funds (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona

Exploring the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of gold nanostructures embedded around nanogaps at wafer scale: Simulations and experiments

A unique way of converting free space light into a local electromagnetic field in small spaces is via metallic nanostructuring. In this work fabrication, experimental characterization and simulation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active specimens based on Au nanostructures are discussed. We used displacement Talbot lithography (DTL) to fabricate silicon nano-wedge substrates with Au nanostructures embedded around their apices. After the ion beam etching process, a nanogap is introduced between two Au nanostructures templated over nano-wedges, yielding specimens with SERS characteristics. The Au nanostructures and the nanogaps have symmetric and asymmetric configurations with respect to the wedges. With this nanofabrication method, various wafer-scale specimens were fabricated with highly controllable nanogaps with a size in the order of 6 nm for symmetric gaps and 8 nm for asymmetric gaps. SERS characteristics of these specimens were analyzed experimentally by calculating their analytical enhancement factor (AEF). According to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, the Raman enhancement arises at the narrow gap due to plasmonic resonances, yielding a maximum AEF of 6.9 × 106. The results highlight the SERS activity of the nanostructures and ultimately comply with reliable substrates for practical applications

Minimal flavour violation extensions of the seesaw

We analyze the most natural formulations of the minimal lepton flavour violation hypothesis compatible with a type-I seesaw structure with three heavy singlet neutrinos N, and satisfying the requirement of being predictive, in the sense that all LFV effects can be expressed in terms of low energy observables. We find a new interesting realization based on the flavour group $SU(3)_e\times SU(3)_{\ell+N}$ (being $e$ and $\ell$ respectively the SU(2) singlet and doublet leptons). An intriguing feature of this realization is that, in the normal hierarchy scenario for neutrino masses, it allows for sizeable enhancements of $\mu \to e$ transitions with respect to LFV processes involving the $\tau$ lepton. We also discuss how the symmetries of the type-I seesaw allow for a strong suppression of the N mass scale with respect to the scale of lepton number breaking, without implying a similar suppression for possible mechanisms of N productionComment: 14 pages, 6 figure