Use of CBCT and panoramic radiography in the prediction of alterations in sensivity of the inferior alveolar nerve in third molars: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objectives: We investigated which type of orthopantomography (OPG) was best able to predict neurological alterations of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during extraction of a lower third molar (3 M). Methods: We analysed cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) that were performed at a private dental clinic in Cartagena, Spain over five consecutive years. The CBCTs, together with their corresponding OPGs, had been prescribed for the surgical extraction of a lower 3 M. Results: We analysed a total of 342 CBCTs and their corresponding OPGs. After explaining the risk of changes in the IAN sensitivity, 37 patients refused to undergo surgical extraction. The incidence of sensitivity alterations in the 332 dental extractions was 62 (19%): 44 were paraesthesias of the IAN, and 18 were associated with darkening of the root and interruption of the cortical line. Conclusion: When an OPG revealed darkening of the root and interruption of the cortical line, the risk of contact between the lower 3 M and the IAN-that is, the probability of changes in IAN sensitivity-increased by over three-fold

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented. ISSN:0029-5515 ISSN:1741-432

Climate and Oceanographic Change in the Atlantic of northern Spain

Esta obra ofrece una síntesis de la información recogida en las series temporales de observaciones oceánicas del IEO en la región atlántica del norte de España iniciadas en 1943 con el registro mareográfico; muestra evidencias de cambios interanuales en la física, la química y la biología del océano en relación con los factores climáticos, y estima los impactos más probables del clima en el océano futuro. Este volumen continúa la serie de estudios de la influencia del cambio climático en el mar iniciada con el Cambio climático en el Mediterráneo español (Vargas Yánez et al., 2010). En este caso, el enfoque es multidisciplinar, empleando, por primera vez, series de observaciones recogidas de forma coordinada y simultánea. A lo largo de sus ochos capítulos, se analiza la variabilidad climática atmosférica reciente y su influencia sobre las condiciones oceanográficas de la región, especialmente en relación con la intensidad y frecuencia del afloramiento de aguas profundas que determina, en gran medida, el aporte estacional de nutrientes a la superficie y, por tanto, la producción biológica. Se describen las tendencias en el nivel del mar a partir de las medidas de los mareógrafos de la zona con una estimación de los niveles extremos esperados a largo plazo. Se realiza un análisis comparativo –entre Galicia y el Cantábrico– de la variabilidad en los nutrientes inorgánicos y se determinan los elementos limitantes de la producción primaria en cada zona. Finalmente, se analizan las variaciones en las comunidades de fitoplancton, picoplancton y zooplancton como indicadoras de cambios en el ecosistema pelágico, destacando las fluctuaciones en la biomasa y producción primaria, base de la red trófica pelágica de la región, y la presencia de medusas y salpas y su relación con el clima.This book presents a synthesis of the oceanic time-series observations of IEO in the Atlantic region of northern Spain. These series, starting in 1943 with tide-gauges, reveal evidence of interanual changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the ocean that were related to climatic factors, allowing to estimate future impacts of climate on the ocean. The volume continues the series started with “Climate Change in the Spanish Mediterranean” (Vargas Yánez et al., 2010). In this case the study is multidisciplinary, including for the first time series obtained in coordinated and simultaneous observational programs. The eight chapters first analyse recent climatic variability and its influence on the regional oceanography, particularly in relation to the intensity and frequency of the deep-water upwelling that largely determines the seasonal inputs of nutrients and primary production in this region. Next, the main trends in sea level revealed by tidal gauges along with the estimates of expected extreme levels are described. The variability in inorganic nutrients and the identification of limiting elements for primary production were presented as a comparative analysis between Galicia (in the West) and the Mar Cantábrico (in the east). Finally, the variability in the composition of the plankton communities, including phytoplankton, picoplankton and zooplankton, is analysed as indicative of changes in the pelagic ecosystem. Particular attention is given to the fluctuations in primary biomass and production and to the presence of salps and jellyfish in relation to climate.Versión del edito

3D effects on transport and plasma control in the TJ-II stellarator

The effects of 3D geometry are explored in TJ-II from two relevant points of view: neoclassical transport and modification of stability and dispersion relation of waves. Particle fuelling and impurity transport are studied considering the 3D transport properties, paying attention to both neoclassical transport and other possible mechanisms. The effects of the 3D magnetic topology on stability, confinement and Alfvén Eigenmodes properties are also explored, showing the possibility of controlling Alfvén modes by modifying the configuration; the onset of modes similar to geodesic acoustic modes are driven by fast electrons or fast ions; and the weak effect of magnetic well on confinement. Finally, we show innovative power exhaust scenarios using liquid metals

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented.ISSN:0029-5515ISSN:1741-432