The Kinematics of HH 34 from HST Images with a Nine-year Time Baseline

We study archival HST [S II] 6716+30 and Hα images of the HH 34 outflow, taken in 1998.71 and in 2007.83. The ~9 yr time baseline and the high angular resolution of these observations allow us to carry out a detailed proper-motion study. We determine the proper motions of the substructure of the HH 34S bow shock (from the [S II] and Hα frames) and of the aligned knots within ~30'' from the outflow source (only from the [S II] frames). We find that the present-day motions of the knots along the HH 34 jet are approximately ballistic, and that these motions directly imply the formation of a major mass concentration in ~900 yr, at a position similar to the one of the present-day HH 34S bow shock. In other words, we find that the knots along the HH 34 jet will merge to form a more massive structure, possibly resembling HH 34S

A theoretical study of the Pnma and R3m phases of Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2Se3

[EN] We report a comparative theoretical study of the Pnma and R3m phases of Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2Se3 close to ambient pressure. Our enthalpy calculations at 0 K show that at ambient pressure the R3m (tetradymite-like) phase of Sb2Se3 is energetically more stable than the Pnma phase, contrary to what is observed for Sb2S3 and Bi2S3, and irrespective of the exchange-correlation functional employed in the calculations. The result for Sb2Se3 is in contradiction to experiments in which all three compounds are usually grown in the Pnma phase. This result is further confirmed by free-energy calculations taking into account the temperature dependence of unit-cell volumes and phonon frequencies. Lattice dynamics and elastic tensor calculations further show that both the Pnma and R3m phases of Sb2Se3 are dynamically and mechanically stable at zero applied pressure. Since these results suggest that the formation of the R3m phase of Sb2Se3 should be feasible under close to ambient conditions, we provide a theoretical crystal structure and simulated Raman and infrared spectra to help in its identification. We also discuss the results of the two published works that have claimed to have synthesized tetradymite-like Sb2Se3. Finally, the stability of the R3m phase across the three group-15 A(2)X(3) sesquichalcogenides is analysed based on their van der Waals gap and X-X in-plane geometry.This publication is part of the MALTA Consolider Team network (RED2018-102612-T) (MINECO/AEI/10.13039/501100003329), and is supported by I + D + i project PID2019-106383GB41/42/43 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), by the PROMETEO/2018/123(EFIMAT) and CIPROM/2021/075 (GREENMAT) projects (Generalitat Valenciana), and by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under a Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (785789-COMEX). E. L. d. S., A. M., and P. R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided on the MALTA-Cluster at the University of Oviedo and on the MareNostrum facility through Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) with technical support provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (QCM-2018-3-0032). E. L. d. S. also acknowledges the Network of Extreme Conditions Laboratories (NECL), financed by FCT and co-financed by NORTE 2020 through the Portugal 2020 and FEDER programmes. J. M. S. is grateful to UK Research and Innovation for the support of a Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T043121/1) and to the University of Manchester for the previous support of a Presidential Fellowship.Da Silva, EL.; Skelton, JM.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.; Santos, MC.; Martínez-García, D.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.... (2022). A theoretical study of the Pnma and R3m phases of Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2Se3. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 10(40):15061-15074. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc01484j1506115074104

Gram-negative prosthetic joint infection: outcome of a debridement, antibiotics and implant retention approach. A large multicentre study

AbstractWe aim to evaluate the epidemiology and outcome of gram-negative prosthetic joint infection (GN-PJI) treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR), identify factors predictive of failure, and determine the impact of ciprofloxacin use on prognosis. We performed a retrospective, multicentre, observational study of GN-PJI diagnosed from 2003 through to 2010 in 16 Spanish hospitals. We define failure as persistence or reappearance of the inflammatory joint signs during follow-up, leading to unplanned surgery or repeat debridement >30 days from the index surgery related death, or suppressive antimicrobial therapy. Parameters predicting failure were analysed with a Cox regression model. A total of 242 patients (33% men; median age 76 years, interquartile range (IQR) 68–81) with 242 episodes of GN-PJI were studied. The implants included 150 (62%) hip, 85 (35%) knee, five (2%) shoulder and two (1%) elbow prostheses. There were 189 (78%) acute infections. Causative microorganisms were Enterobacteriaceae in 78%, Pseudomonas spp. in 20%, and other gram-negative bacilli in 2%. Overall, 19% of isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant. DAIR was used in 174 (72%) cases, with an overall success rate of 68%, which increased to 79% after a median of 25 months' follow-up in ciprofloxacin-susceptible GN-PJIs treated with ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin treatment exhibited an independent protective effect (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13–0.40; p <0.001), whereas chronic renal impairment predicted failure (aHR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.14–5.77; p 0.0232). Our results confirm a 79% success rate in ciprofloxacin-susceptible GN-PJI treated with debridement, ciprofloxacin and implant retention. New therapeutic strategies are needed for ciprofloxacin-resistant PJI

Structural, vibrational and electronic properties of alpha'-Ga2S3 under compression

[EN] We report a joint experimental and theoretical study of the low-pressure phase of ¿¿-Ga2S3 under compression. Theoretical ab initio calculations have been compared to X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements under high pressure carried out up to 17.5 and 16.1 GPa, respectively. In addition, we report Raman scattering measurements of ¿¿-Ga2S3 at high temperature that have allowed us to study its anharmonic properties. To understand better the compression of this compound, we have evaluated the topological properties of the electron density, the electron localization function, and the electronic properties as a function of pressure. As a result, we shed light on the role of the Ga¿S bonds, the van der Waals interactions inside the channels of the crystalline structure, and the single and double lone electron pairs of the sulphur atoms in the anisotropic compression of ¿¿-Ga2S3. We found that the structural channels are responsible for the anisotropic properties of ¿¿-Ga2S3 and the A¿(6) phonon, known as the breathing mode and associated with these channels, exhibits the highest anharmonic behaviour. Finally, we report calculations of the electronic band structure of ¿¿-Ga2S3 at different pressures and find a nonlinear pressure behaviour of the direct band gap and a pressure-induced direct-to-indirect band gap crossover that is similar to the behaviour previously reported in other ordered-vacancy compounds, including ß-Ga2Se3. The importance of the single and, more specially, the double lone electron pairs of sulphur in the pressure dependence of the topmost valence band of ¿¿-Ga2S3 is stressed.The authors thank the financial support from the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) under projects MALTA Consolider Team network (RED2018-102612-T) and projects MAT2016-75586-C4-2/3-P, FIS2017-83295-P, PID2019-106383GB-42/43, and PGC2018-097520-A-100, as well as from Generalitat Valenciana under Project PROMETEO/2018/123 (EFIMAT). A. M. and P. R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster and E. L. D. S. acknowledges Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 785789-COMEX from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. J. A. S. also wants to thank the Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2015-17482) for financial support. We also thank the ALBA synchrotron light source for funded experiment 2017022088 at the MSPD-BL04 beamline.Gallego-Parra, S.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Gomis, O.; Lora Da Silva, E.; Otero-De-La-Roza, A.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.... (2021). Structural, vibrational and electronic properties of alpha'-Ga2S3 under compression. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 23(11):6841-6862. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp06417cS68416862231

Incidencia del ejercicio físico y el entrenamiento vibratorio sobre la amplitud de movimiento de mujeres con fibromialgia

Objetivo. En la presente investigación hemos planteado como objetivos principales, por un lado, valorar el efecto del ejercicio físico y el entrenamiento vibratorio sobre la amplitud de movimiento en mujeres con fibromialgia (FM) y, por otro, determinar si existe alguna relación entre dicha variable y el dolor y la rigidez. Método. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de cuarenta y seis mujeres (edad: 58,2 ± 8,5 años; peso: 72,1 ± 9,6 kg; altura: 156,9 ± 6,1 cm) diagnosticadas con FM. Los participantes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos: ejercicio físico y entrenamiento vibratorio (WBV + EJ; n = 15); ejercicio físico sin vibraciones (EJ; n = 15) y un grupo control (GC; n = 16). Los grupos WBV + EJ y EJ realizaron dos sesiones semanales de ejercicio físico durante 8 semanas. Además, los integrantes de WBV + EJ realizaron 3 sesiones semanales de entrenamiento vibratorio (30 Hz, 4 mm). Las pruebas de evaluación incluyeron el test de sit and reach (variable principal), la valoración del número de tender points (TP) y una escala analógica visual (VAS) para determinar la rigidez. Resultados. Los resultados derivados del análisis intra e intergrupo no mostraron diferencias significativas en la rigidez o el número de TP, si bien, la prueba de sit and reach mostró una mejora estadísticamente significativa en WBV + EJ (58%; p < 0,05). El análisis correlacional mostró una relación inversa (r = -0,55; p < 0,05) entre el sit and reach y el número de TP. Conclusión. Como conclusión, podemos indicar que los datos obtenidos en la presente investigación han mostrado los efectos significativos del entrenamiento vibratorio sobre la amplitud de movimiento en mujeres con FM, aunque el número de TP o la rigidez no se vieron afectados en ningún caso

Downscaling Climate Change Impacts, Socio-Economic Implications and Alternative Adaptation Pathways for Islands and Outermost Regions

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the future scenarios of climate change and management concerns associated with climate change impacts on the blue economy of European islands and outermost regions. The publication collects major findings of the SOCLIMPACT project’s research outcomes, aiming to raise social awareness among policy-makers and industry about climate change consequences at local level, and provide knowledge-based information to support policy design, from local to national level. This comprehensive book will also assist students, scholars and practitioners to understand, conceptualize and effectively and responsibly manage climate change information and applied research. This book provides invaluable material for Blue Growth Management, theory and application, at all levels. This first edition includes up-to-date data, statistics, references, case material and figures of the 12 islands case studies. ¨Downscaling climate change impacts, socio-economic implications and alternative adaptation pathways for Islands and Outermost Regions¨ is a must-read book, given the accessible style and breadth and depth with which the topic is dealt. The book is an up-to-date synthesis of key knowledge on this area, written by a multidisciplinary group of experts on climate and economic modelling, and policy design

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, or Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale. RESULTS: Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940

Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings.

An epidemiological paradox surrounds Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. In high-income settings, it has been responsible for an epidemic of poultry-associated, self-limiting enterocolitis, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa it is a major cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, associated with high case fatality. By whole-genome sequence analysis of 675 isolates of S. Enteritidis from 45 countries, we show the existence of a global epidemic clade and two new clades of S. Enteritidis that are geographically restricted to distinct regions of Africa. The African isolates display genomic degradation, a novel prophage repertoire, and an expanded multidrug resistance plasmid. S. Enteritidis is a further example of a Salmonella serotype that displays niche plasticity, with distinct clades that enable it to become a prominent cause of gastroenteritis in association with the industrial production of eggs and of multidrug-resistant, bloodstream-invasive infection in Africa.This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust. We would like to thank the members of the Pathogen Informatics Team and the core sequencing teams at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Cambridge, UK). We are grateful to D. Harris for work in managing the sequence data