Early intervention in children and adolescents with social phobia

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los efectos del tratamiento psicológico Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social (IAFS) en su versión 10-14 años. La muestra la componen 45 niños y adolescentes (75,5% chicas; 24,5% varones) con Fobia Social Generalizada y una edad media de 12.02 años (DT=1.44; rango: 10-14 años). Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos condiciones experimentales: 21 al Grupo Control Lista de Espera y 24 a la condición IAFS. Los resultados muestran la eficacia de la intervención psicológica frente al Grupo Control Lista de Espera en todas las variables dependientes medidas. Palabras Clave: intervención temprana, tratamiento, niños y adolescentes, fobia social generalizada, muestra comunitaria, experimental, Programa IAFS.The aim of this paper is to study the effects of psychological treatment Intervention of Adolescent with Social Phobia in version 10-14 years. The sample is composed by 45 children and adolescents (75,5% female; 24,5% male) with generalized social phobia and mean age was 12.02 years (SD = 1.44; range: 10-14 years). Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: 21 to the List Control Group and 24 to the IAFS condition. The results show significant changes in all the dependent variables assessed in the IAFS condition. Key words: early intervention, treatment, children and adolescents, generalized social phobia, community sample, experimental, IAFS Program

20 años de premios de ilustración infantil y juvenil en España

[EN]In recent decades, illustration in children’s and young adults’ books has become especially important as a communicative and educational element. This has led to a proliferation of illustrated books and albums, as well as to an increase in the number of prizes and awards for them. This development has given the figure of the illustrator greater prominence and serves as an instrument for promotion and visibility, as well as a stimulus to production. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to set out the characteristics of Spanish children’s and young adults’ book awards focused on illustration within the 2000–2020 period, indicating their chronology, their organizers, the illustrators who have received the most awards, the thematic categories that are most commonly represented and the prize types and sums awarded to winners. To this end, a list of 103 Spanish children’s and young adults’ literature awards was compiled; 22 of these are specifically for illustration. The conclusion was reached that Spanish publishers are opting for illustrated books and albums that they themselves have produced. It was also found that such awards have consolidated over time, are normally of an institutional nature and offer small financial sums. Moreover, all kinds of thematic categories are represented in these awards, though fictional prose works clearly predominate, and within this category, awards most commonly go to illustrated albums

Integration of Information Technology and Communication in Early Childhood Education in Navarre (Spain)

El artículo ofrece una perspectiva sobre integración, dificultades, causas y resultados sobre las TIC en Educación Infantil en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, a partir de estudios, percepciones, experiencias de docentes de esta etapa, opiniones de expertos y familias. Es un estudio analítico y prospectivo con importantes aportaciones valiosas sobre formación inicial y permanente del profesorado, dotación de centros y aulas, mantenimiento de tecnologías, personal especializado de apoyo. Administración educativa, familias y docentes son interpeladas. Por la fiabilidad de los instrumentos y análisis realizados los resultados son extrapolables a otras comunidades, profesorado y realidades educativas.The article offers a perspective on the integration, difficulties, causes and results of the TIC in primary education in Navarre, from teachers' studies, perceptions, experiences on this stage, expert opinions and families. The work is an analytic and prospective study with an important and valuable contribution to teacher initial and permanent training, schools and classroom resources, technological maintenance, and support staff. Educational administration, families and teachers are questioned. Because of the resources' reliability and analysis performed, the results can be extrapolated to other regions, teachers and educational realities

Percentiles and Reference Values for Accelerometric Gait Assessment in Women Aged 50–80 Years

[EN] Background: The identification of factors that alter postural stability is fundamental in the design of interventions to maintain independence and mobility. This is especially important for women because of their longer life expectancy and higher incidence of falls than in men. We constructed the percentile box charts and determined the values of reference for the accelerometric assessment of the gait in women. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study with 1096 healthy adult women, who were asked to walk a distance of 20 m three times. Results: In all of the variables, a reduction in the magnitude of accelerations was detected as the age of the group advanced. The box charts show the amplitude of the interquartile ranges, which increases as the age of the participants advances. In addition, the interquartile ranges were greater in the variables that refer to the maximum values of the accelerations. Conclusions: The values obtained can be used to assess changes in gait due to aging, trauma and orthopaedic alterations that may alter postural stability and neurodegenerative processes that increase the risk of falling.S

Physical Activity Practice and Optimal Development of Postural Control in School Children: Are They Related?

[EN] Background: This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity practice on the postural control state of school children. If such an effect was detected, the second aim of the study was to identify which specific capacities of postural control benefited the most from physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a convenience sample of 118 healthy children (54 girls) with a mean age of 10.3 ± 1.2 years. Their weight and height were measured. The accelerometric assessment of balance included four different tests in static balance and walking. Results: Physical activity habit prevalence was 38.9% in girls and 60.9% in boys, and its frequency was 2.3 days per week in girls and 2.8 days in boys. The active children obtained lower accelerations, but the active and sedentary girls showed lower accelerometric values than the active boys. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated the influence of sex on the accelerations of the body (p < 0.001), regardless of the habit of physical activity. Conclusions: Active children have better postural control than sedentary children, although sedentary girls have better balance than active boys. Therefore, physical activity practice seems to favor a more efficient development of postural control, but it cannot level or reverse the effect of the neurophysiological factors that are conditioned by sex.S

Desarrollo de una ayuda técnica para alumnos del colegio San Rafael (2) : brazo extensible para utilizar móviles o PDAs en silla de ruedas (II) : implementación

El presente proyecto es el cuarto de un conjunto de proyectos de ayuda a discapacitados, realizados específicamente para alumnos del Colegio San Rafael y en colaboración con los cuidadores del centro. Este proyecto pretende implementar un prototipo, diseñado previamente en otro proyecto de apoyo por Lorenzo de la Cruz, que permitiría acoplar un dispositivo telefónico o PDA a una silla de ruedas eléctrica, situándolo en un lugar en el que el usuario pueda hacer uso del mismo fácilmente y sin entorpecer el resto de actividades cotidianas. Se ha pretendido que sea una ayuda, que en ningún momento entorpezca al usuario. El objetivo del proyecto del que se tratará es que el propietario tenga a su disposición un dispositivo que le proporcione el teléfono móvil pulsando un simple botón, y que pueda retirar completamente el mismo de igual manera en caso de no necesitarlo, quedando recogido en la parte trasera de la silla. Para lograrlo se han ido haciendo una serie de pruebas sobre el diseño, con las que se ha ido comprobando que esto fuese así realmente, y ajustando el prototipo al entorno real. Ha sido necesario realizar modificaciones tanto en la mecánica del aparato como en la electrónica hardware y software para lograr el correcto funcionamiento del conjunto, y finalmente se ha conseguido instalarlo satisfactoriamente. A su vez se ha incluido una serie de mejoras. El prototipo consta de una parte mecánica, que sirve de estructura y protección al resto de elementos, con las sujeciones que lo fijan a la silla y los motores y engranajes que le dotan de movimiento; y una parte electrónica, que se podría dividir en el hardware (donde se encuentra un microprocesador, un circuito de potencia que hace funcionar a los motores, y toda la electrónica que hace funcionar a estos dos) y el software (que controla la ejecución de movimientos y analiza el entorno). Todo el conjunto se integra perfectamente en la silla de ruedas y aprovecha además su fuente de energía, las baterías, sin afectar a la vida diaria del usuario en otro aspecto que no sea la mejora. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This project is the fourth in a series of projects to help the disabled, made specifically for students of San Rafael school and in collaboration with carers in the center. This project aims to implement a prototype, previously designed in another project by Lorenzo de la Cruz, that allow to connect a mobile phone or PDA to an electric wheelchair, placing it where the user can easily use the same and without hindering the other daily activities. It has been pretended to be a help, which at no time obstruct the user. The aim of the project that we will discuss is to get that the owner has available a device to provide mobile phone by pressing a button, and that he can separate it completely if he don't need it, placing it in the rear part of the chair. To achieve this have been making a series of tests on the design, with which has gradually become clear that this was so real, and adjust the prototype to the real environment. It was necessary to modify the apparatus mechanical and the electronic hardware too, and software to achieve the proper functioning of the whole. And it has finally managed to install the prototype successfully. At the same time we have included a number of improvements. The prototype consists of a mechanical part, which serves as protection structure to the other elements, with fasteners that attach it to the chair and the motors and gears that provide it the movement, and an electronic part, which could be divided into hardware (where we found a microprocessor, a power circuit that powers the engines and all the electronics that allow to work these two) and software (that controls the execution of movements and analyzes the environment). The entire set fits perfectly into the wheelchair and also takes advantage of its power source, the batteries, without affecting the user's daily life in another aspect other than her improvement.Ingeniería Técnica en Electrónic

Adequacy of therapeutic effort in pediatrics

El término Adecuación del Esfuerzo Terapéutico (AET) alude a la decisión medica de restringir o suspender una medida que supone una desproporción entre los fines y los medios terapéuticos, con el objetivo de evitar el encarnizamiento terapéutico. Tal y como afirman algunos artículos, la mayor parte de los fallecimientos que se producen en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos en España van precedidos de la decisión de adecuar el esfuerzo terapéutico. Se optó por realizar una revisión bibliográfica narrativa para dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta clínica “¿Disponen los profesionales sanitarios de conocimientos y estrategias para adecuar el esfuerzo terapéutico en los pacientes pediátricos?”. Los dilemas éticos que han tenido que enfrentar los profesionales sanitarios a lo largo de la historia han sido diversos. En el ámbito pediátrico, además, estos conflictos pueden verse aumentados, pues se trata de un paciente menor de edad que, en muchas ocasiones no tiene capacidad para tomar decisiones, y existe una mayor incertidumbre pronóstica ante procesos potencialmente letales. Aunque se han establecido algunos casos en los que el médico se debe plantear la aplicación de la AET, el único estándar a aplicar en estos niños es el de interés superior del menor. Es importante hacer partícipe a la familia en estas decisiones, siempre y cuando no suponga un daño al niño, recurriendo en estos casos a los Comités de Bioética Asistencial, y designando un tutor ad-litem. Por la complejidad de atención de estos pequeños pacientes en estado crítico y el equilibrio frágil de sus familias, era de esperar que las restricciones con motivo de la pandemia de COVID-19 tuvieran un impacto especialmente negativo en ellos. No debemos olvidar que los cuidados de enfermería son imprescindibles tanto antes, durante y después de la decisión de AET. The term Adequacy of Therapeutic Effort (AET) refers to the medical decision to restrict or suspend a measure that involves a disproportion between the therapeutic purposes and the therapeutic tools, with the aim of avoiding therapeutic inappropriateness. As some articles state, this decision is usually followed by most of the deaths that occur in pediatric intensive care units in Spain. We chose to carry out a narrative literature review to answer the following clinical question: "Do health professionals have the knowledge and strategies to adjust the therapeutic effort in pediatric patients? The ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals throughout history have been diverse. In the pediatric setting, moreover, these conflicts can be heightened, since the patient is a minor and, on many occasions, does not have the capacity to make decisions, and there is greater prognostic uncertainty in potentially lethal processes. Although there have been cases in which the physician should consider the application of AET, the only standard to be applied with these children is that of the best interests for the minor. It is important to involve the family in these decisions, as long as it does not involve harm to the child, resorting in these cases to the Health Care Bioethics Committees, and designating an ad-litem guardian. Due to the complexity of the care that these young patients require and the fragile balance in their families, it is to be expected that the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic would have a particularly negative impact on critically ill children and their families. We must not forget that nursing care is essential before, during and after the AET decision

Análisis del conocimiento especializado como profesora de matemáticas de una futura maestra. Un estudio de caso

Este trabajo surge a raíz de la poca motivación e interés que sienten los futuros maestros hacia las matemáticas ¿Influye esto en su profesión? ¿Están realmente preparados para dar clase en un aula de primaria? Para dar respuesta a estas preguntas, me propuse, a través de un estudio de caso, identificar el conocimiento especializado como profesora de matemáticas de una estudiante del grado en Educación Primaria en la Universidad de Sevilla, a través del análisis de un vídeo de una maestra con experiencia dando clase de geometría. En un primer momento, tras visualizar dicho vídeo, se le pidió identificar el conocimiento que ponía en juego. Tras una entrevista semiestructurada y el estudio del modelo 1MTSK, que surge con el objetivo de analizar en profundidad el conocimiento que emplean los profesores de matemáticas a la hora de desarrollar su trabajo, se le solicitó que volviera a analizarlo. La diferencia entre el primer y el segundo análisis fue notable, ya que, en el último, identifica más elementos del conocimiento especializado de un profesor de matemáticas, al estar todos ellos estructurados en el modelo. En conclusión, podemos decir que la estudiante identifica el conocimiento que la maestra ha puesto en juego.This study arises as a result of the little motivation and interest that future teachers feel towards mathematics. Does this influence their profession? Are they really prepared to teach in an elementary classroom? To answer these questions, I decided, through a case study, to identify the specialized knowledge as a mathematics teacher of a student of the degree in Primary Education at the University of Seville, through the analysis of a video of an experienced teacher giving geometry class. At first, after view the video, she was asked to identify the knowledge that the teacher put into play. After a semi-structured interview and the study of the MTSK model, which arises with the aim of analyzing in depth the knowledge that mathematics teachers use when developing their work, she was asked to analyze it again. The difference between the first and the second analysis was noticeable because, in the last, she identifies more elements of the specialized knowledge of a mathematics teacher as they are all structured in the model. In conclusion, we can say that the student identifies the knowledge that the teacher has put into playUniversidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

Modeling the heat transfer by conduction of nanocellular polymers with bimodal cellular structures

Nanocellular polymers are a new generation of materials with the potential of being used as very efficient thermal insulators. It has been proved experimentally that these materials present the Knudsen effect, which strongly reduces the conductivity of the gas phase. There are theoretical equations to predict the thermal conductivity due to this Knudsen effect, but all the models consider an average cell size. In this work, we propose a model to predict the thermal conductivity due to the conduction mechanisms of nanocellular materials with bimodal cellular structures, that is, with two populations of cells, micro and nanocellular. The novelty of our work is to consider not only the average cell size, but the cell size distribution. The predictions of the model are compared with the experimental conductivity of two real bimodal systems based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and it is proved that this new model provides more accurate estimations of the conductivity than the models that do not consider the bimodality. Furthermore, this model could be applied to monomodal nanocellular polymers. In particular, for monomodal materials presenting a wide cell size distribution and at low densities, the model predicts important variations in comparison with the current models in the literature. This result indicates that the cell size distribution must be included in the estimations of the thermal conductivity of nanocellular polymer

Satisfaction Of Spanish Primary School Teachers Regarding Anti-Covid Protocols

[Abstract]: After the closure of the Spanish Primary Education Centres in March 2020, academic and educational institutions began the 2020-2021 academic year with the obligation to abide by the anti-Coronavirus protocols. Consequently, students of all academic levels, and especially schoolage children, have experienced, to a greater or lesser degree, a learning crisis. For this reason, this research was carried out with the objective of analysing the perception of Spanish Primary Education teachers. Cross-sectional descriptive study in a representative sample of Spanish Primary Education teachers (n = 263). The research instrument consisted of a closed questionnaire designed ad hoc with a total of ten questions related to the object of study and other questions related to sociodemographic variables. Cohen's t-test and d statistic were used to determine differences between sexes and the ANOVA test, and all statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 12 (StataCorp., United States) with a p value < .05. 76.4% of those surveyed did not identify the protocols established by the state administration as sufficient and correct, and 84% did not consider the resources provided by the administration of their region sufficient. Spanish teachers are not satisfied or in agreement with the protocols implemented by the governments of each Spanish region