La agenda ambiental de los sistemas de integración: una mirada desde la ecología política

Este capítulo analiza las agendas ambientales de América Latina y el Caribe, así como los diferentes sistemas de integración regional. Mediante el análisis de cada una de las agendas, se descubre la omisión de una diversidad de actores y de afectados que padecen por la degradación ambiental en el subcontinente. Se recogen evidencias que enseñan un sistema de representación, democratización y politización que excluye los discursos sociales y alternativos de valoración ambiental (visiones culturales, comunitarias, éticas y ecosistémicas). Las agendas ambientales tienen en común la falta de atención a conflictos ecológicos distributivos que suceden en sus propias regiones, y que no se movilizan recursos en proyectos integrales que resuelvan, de manera multidimensional e interrelacionada, la recuperación de los ciclos ecológicos. Los proyectos que se impulsan desde las diferentes agendas parecen dar prioridad a una visión económica y atienden secciones de las problemáticas y no un todo, tal como funciona el medio ambiente.ITESO, A.C

Surface Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium that causes infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, and pneumonia. S. aureus can express a variety of virulence factors, including surface proteins. Surface proteins are characterized by presence of a Sec‐dependent signal sequence at the amino terminal, and the sorting signal domain. Surface proteins are covalently attached to peptidoglycan and they are commonly known as cell wall–anchored (CWA) proteins. CWA proteins have many functions and participate in the pathogenesis of S. aureus. Furthermore, these proteins have been proposed as therapeutic targets for the generation of vaccines. In this chapter, different topics related to CWA proteins of S. aureus are addressed. The molecular structure of CWA proteins and their role as virulence factors of S. aureus are described. Furthermore, the involvement of CWA proteins in the processes of adhesion, invasion of host cells and tissues, evasion of the immune response, and the formation of biofilm is discussed. In addition, the role of CWA proteins in skin infection and the proposal to use them as potential vaccine antigens are described. The information contained in this chapter will help the readers to understand the biology of CWA proteins and to recognize the importance of surface molecules of S. aureus

Spectral aerosol radiative forcing and efficiency of the La Palma volcanic plume over the Izaña Observatory

On 19 September 2021, a volcanic eruption began on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). The eruption has allowed the assessment of an unprecedented multidisciplinary study on the effects of the volcanic plume. This work presents the estimation of the spectral direct radiative forcing (∆F) and efficiency (∆F E f f) from solar radiation measurements at the Izaña Observatory (IZO) located on the island of Tenerife (∼140 km from the volcano). During the eruption, the IZO was affected by different types of aerosols: volcanic, Saharan mineral dust, and a mixture of volcanic and dust aerosols. Three case studies were identified using ground based (lidar) data, satellite-based (Sentinel5P Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument, TROPOMI) data, reanalysis data (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2, MERRA-2), and backward trajectories (Flexible Trajectories, FLEXTRA), and subsequently characterised in terms of optical and micro-physical properties using ground based sun-photometry measurements. Despite the ∆F of the volcanic aerosols being greater than that of the dust events (associated with the larger aerosol load present), the ∆F E f f was found to be lower. The spectral ∆F E f f values at 440 nm ranged between −1.9 and −2.6 Wm−2nm−1AOD−1 for the mineral dust and mixed volcanic and dust particles, and between −1.6 and −3.3 Wm−2nm−1AOD−1 for the volcanic aerosols, considering solar zenith angles between 30◦ and 70◦, respectively.The authors also acknowledge the support of ACTRIS, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain, through the projects SYNERA: PID2020-118793GA-I00 and RT2018- 097864-B-I00, and Junta de Castilla y León grant N◦. VA227P20

Water vapor retrievals from spectral direct irradiance measured with an EKO MS-711 spectroradiometer—intercomparison with Other Techniques

Precipitable water vapor retrievals are of major importance for assessing and understanding atmospheric radiative balance and solar radiation resources. On that basis, this study presents the first PWV values measured with a novel EKO MS-711 grating spectroradiometer from direct normal irradiance in the spectral range between 930 and 960 nm at the Izaña Observatory (IZO, Spain) between April and December 2019. The expanded uncertainty of PWV (UPWV) was theoretically evaluated using the Monte-Carlo method, obtaining an averaged value of 0.37 ± 0.11 mm. The estimated uncertainty presents a clear dependence on PWV. For PWV ≤ 5 mm (62% of the data), the mean UPWV is 0.31 ± 0.07 mm, while for PWV > 5 mm (38% of the data) is 0.47 ± 0.08 mm. In addition, the EKO PWV retrievals were comprehensively compared against the PWV measurements from several reference techniques available at IZO, including meteorological radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), CIMEL-AERONET sun photometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The EKO PWV values closely align with the above mentioned different techniques, providing a mean bias and standard deviation of −0.30 ± 0.89 mm, 0.02 ± 0.68 mm, −0.57 ± 0.68 mm, and 0.33 ± 0.59 mm, with respect to the RS92, GNSS, FTIR and CIMEL-AERONET, respectively. According to the theoretical analysis, MB decreases when comparing values for PWV > 5 mm, leading to a PWV MB between −0.45 mm (EKO vs. FTIR), and 0.11 mm (EKO vs. CIMEL-AERONET). These results confirm that the EKO MS-711 spectroradiometer is precise enough to provide reliable PWV data on a routine basis and, as a result, can complement existing ground-based PWV observations. The implementation of PWV measurements in a spectroradiometer increases the capabilities of these types of instruments to simultaneously obtain key parameters used in certain applications such as monitoring solar power plants performance.This study has been performed thanks to regular funds from the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izaña Testbed for Aerosols and Water Vapor Remote Sensing Instruments and the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ACTRIS grant, agreement no. 262254

The NALP3/Cryopyrin-Inflammasome Complex is Expressed in LPS-Induced Ocular Inflammation

In the inflammosome complex, NALP3 or NALP1 binds to ASC and activates caspase-1 which induces IL-1β. In murine LPS-induced ocular inflammation, the production of IL-1β is increased. We suggest that NALP3- or NALP1-inflammasome complex can be participating in the LPS-induced ocular inflammation. In this work, eye, brain, testis, heart, spleen, and lung were obtained from C3H/HeN mice treated with LPS for 3 to 48 hours, and the expression of NALP1b, NALP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was determined. Infiltrated leukocytes producing IL-1β in the anterior chamber were found at 12-hour posttreatment. A high upregulated expression of NALP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was found at the same time when infiltrated leukocytes were observed. NALP1b was not detected in the eye of treated mice. NALP3 was also overexpressed in heart and lung. These results suggest that NALP3-, but not NALP1-inflammosome complex, is participating in the murine LPS-induced ocular inflammation

Diabetes tipo 2 y depresión en guadalajara, méxico. 2005

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de depresión y comparar indicadoressociodemográficos, metabólicos y clínicos, en personas con diabetes tipo 2deprimidas y no deprimidas.Material y Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo en una muestrade 450 personas con diabetes tipo 2, mayores de 30 años, con más de un año dediagnóstico y sin determinación de psicopatología. Aplicamos escala de Zungmodificada y encuesta sociodemográfica, evaluamos Hemoglobina glucosilada,índice de masa corporal (IMC), tensión arterial y glucemia de ayuno; registramosantigüedad diagnóstica y estadio clínico de diabetes.Resultados La prevalencia de depresión fue de 63 %, en una proporción de 3 a 1,mayor en mujeres que en hombres con razón de momios 3,17(IC 95 % 2,08-4,82)p=0,0000. Existen diferencias en escolaridad, estado civil y ocupación entredeprimidos y no deprimidos (p and lt;0.05), la edad no presenta diferencias, al igual quelas variables metabólicas, excepto IMC, antigüedad diagnóstica y estadio clínico 3y 4. En las variables socio-demográficas y clínico-metabólicas por sexo, noencontramos asociación en las primeras (p and gt;0.05), no obstante, antigüedad diagnostica y estadio clínico si se asocian con sexo, la primera de estas se asociósolo en hombres y la segunda en ambos sexos.Conclusiones La prevalencia de depresión es alta en las personas con diabetes ylas mujeres tienen mayor riesgo. La edad no muestra asociación entre personascon diabetes que están deprimidas, a diferencia de escolaridad, estado civil, y ocupación; la depresión se presentó más en personas con más antigüedad diagnóstica de diabetes y mayor IMC

Chemical Analysis of Nutritional Content of Prickly Pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at Varied Ages in an Organic Harvest

Opuntia ficus indica, also known as prickly pads, are an important part of the human diet and are also used as forage for livestock. This is an interesting vegetable due the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to climatic extremes; however, little is known about its nutritional properties, especially in the later stages of maturity. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of organic prickly pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at differing stages of growth maturity. Chemical proximate analysis and mineral constituent analysis at different maturation stages were carried out in this investigation. As a result, older prickly pads were found to be an important source of nutritional components such as calcium

Pronóstico de la trayectoria del huracán Dean (13-23 agosto 2007), mediante el modelo WRF: un experimento

Ponencia presentada en: XXX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el IX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Zaragoza, del 5 al 7 de mayo de 2008.[EN]The WRF model (weather research and forecasting) is a mesoscale model that it is available in many places around the world. Just recently, April 2007 the model starts its operative mode in the Institute of Astronomy and Meteorology, University of Guadalajara. The authors of this article to test the capabilities of the model in tropical cyclone track prediction (Huricane Dean). Successful results were obtained in this test.[ES]El modelo WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) es un modelo de mesoescala que está en funcionamiento en muchos lugares del mundo y se encuentra operativo en el Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología de la Universidad de Guadalajara desde el mes de abril del presente año. Los autores del presente artículo realizaron este experimento para analizar los resultados que brinda el mismo para pronosticar la trayectoria del intenso huracán Dean (agosto del 2007). Los resultados obtenidos fueron alentadores

The orosomucoid 1 protein (α1 acid glycoprotein) is overexpressed in odontogenic myxoma

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a benign, but locally invasive, neoplasm occurring in the jaws. However, the molecules implicated in its development are unknown. OM as well as Dental Follicle (DF), an odontogenic tissue surrounding the enamel organ, is derived from ectomesenchymal/mesencyhmal elements. To identify some protein that could participate in the development of this neoplasm, total proteins from OM were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the profiles were compared with those obtained from DF, used as a control