Influence of the Surface Viscosity on the Breakup of a Surfactant-Laden Drop

We examine both theoretically and experimentally the breakup of a pendant drop loaded with an insoluble surfactant. The experiments show that a significant amount of surfactant is trapped in the resulting satellite droplet. This result contradicts previous theoretical predictions, where the effects of surface tension variation were limited to solutocapillarity and Marangoni stresses.We solve numerically the hydrodynamic equations, including not only those effects but also those of surface shear and dilatational viscosities. We show that surface viscosities play a critical role to explain the accumulation of surfactant in the satellite droplet.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2013-46485-C3-1-R, TRA2013- 45808-RJunta de Extremadura GR1004

Hydroperiod analysis of three coastal ponds of Doñana Biological Reserve (2018-2020)

En este estudio se analizan los cambios producidos en el hidroperíodo de las lagunas de Santa Olalla, Taraje y Zahíllo, situadas sobre el acuífero costero del manto eólico litoral de Doñana, con el fin de detectar su grado de alteración. Se registró el nivel de la lámina de agua desde el 1 de enero de 2018 hasta el 26 de junio de 2020. El 2019 fue un año excepcionalmente seco, con un registro de menos de 200 mm/año de precipitación acumulada. Cabe destacar el diferente grado de dependencia de estas lagunas de las precipitaciones. Si bien la laguna de Santa Olalla es resiliente frente a los períodos secos, gracias a los aportes de agua subterránea, la laguna de Zahíllo es muy dependiente de las lluvias y ha permanecido seca la mayor parte del período de estudio. El período de confinamiento debido a la pandemia del Covid-19 en la primavera del año 2020 no ha supuesto ningún cambio significativo en los caudales bombeados en los sondeos cercanos a la zona de estudio. Por tanto, no se han detectado cambios hidrológicos positivos en las lagunas durante dicho períodoThis study analyses the changes produced in the hydroperiod of the Santa Olalla, Taraje and Zahillo ponds, located on the coastal aquifer of the Doñana littoral aeolian mantle, to detect their degree of alteration. The water level was recorded from 2018 January 1st to 2020 June 26th. The 2019 was an exceptionally dry year, with a record of less than 200 mm/year of accumulated precipitation. It is worth noting the different degree of dependence of these ponds to rainfall. Although the Santa Olalla pond is resilient against dry periods, thanks to groundwater discharge, Zahillo pond is highly dependent on rainfall and has remained dry most of the study period. The lockdown caused by Covid-19 pandemic during the spring of 2020, has not implied any significant change in the withdrawal of groundwater close to the study area. Therefore, no positive hydrological changes have been detected in the ponds during such perio

Association between sleep-disordered breathing and breast cancer aggressiveness

Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with cancer aggressiveness, but studies focused on specific tumors are lacking. In this pilot study we investigated whether SDB is associated with breast cancer (BC) aggressiveness. Methods 83 consecutive women <65 years diagnosed with primary BC underwent a home respiratory polygraphy. Markers of SDB severity included the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI4). The Ki67 proliferation index, lack of hormone receptors (HR-), Nottingham Histological Grade (NHG), and tumor stage were used as markers of BC aggressiveness. The association between SDB and molecular subtypes of BC was also assessed. Results The mean (SD) age was 48.8 (8.8) years and body mass index was 27.4 (5.4) Kg/m2. 42 women (50.6%) were post-menopausal. The median (IQR) AHI was 5.1 (2–9.4), and ODI4 was 1.5 (0.5–5.8). The median (IQR) AHI did not differ between the groups with Ki67>28% and Ki6728% and Ki67<29% (51.2% vs 52.3%, p = 0.90), HR- and HR+ (58.3% vs 49.1%, p = 0.47), NHG categories (p = 0.89), different tumor stages (p = 0.71), or molecular subtypes (p = 0.73). These results did not change when the ODI4 was used instead of the AHI. Conclusion Our results do not support an association between the presence or severity of SDB and BC aggressiveness.Asociación de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica del Sur (NEUMOSUR) 1/201

Relationship between HLB Number and Predominant Destabilization Process in Microfluidized Nanoemulsions Formulated with Lemon Essential Oil

Lemon essential oil (LEO) is associated with a multitude of health benefits due to its anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. Its drawback is that it is very sensitive to oxidation by heat. For this reason, researchers are increasingly investigating the use of LEO in nanoemulsions. In this work, we used laser diffraction, rheology and multiple light scattering techniques to study the effects of different HLB numbers (indicating different mixtures of Tween 80 and Span 20) on the physical stability of nanoemulsions formulated with LEO. We found that different HLB numbers induced different destabilization mechanisms in these emulsions. An HLB number lower than 12 resulted in an Ostwald ripening effect; an HLB number higher than 12 resulted in coalescence. In addition, all the developed nanoemulsions exhibited Newtonian behavior, which could favor the mechanism of creaming. All emulsions exhibited not only a growth in droplet size, but also a creaming with aging time. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the right surfactant to stabilize nanoemulsions, with potential applications in the food industry

Relación de pareja y sintomatología depresiva de la mujer: implicaciones clínicas desde una perspectiva de género

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas.This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results

Distribution of flumequine in intestinal contents and colon tissue in pigs after its therapeutic use in the drinking water

[EN] Flumequine concentrations in plasma, colon tissue and intestinal contents were evaluated in 12 healthy pigs after oral administration (12 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 consecutive days in drinking water). Plasma, colon tissue and intestinal content samples were collected from animals sacrificed on days 3, 6 and 7. Concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after having validated the method, following the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requirements. The drug was not detected in any plasma sample. In colon tissue, concentrations were higher on day 3 (0.230 ± 0.033 µg/g, descending colon; 0.156 ± 0.093 µg/g, ascending colon) than on day 6 (0.187 ± 0.123 µg/g, descending colon; 0.107 ± 0.007 µg/g, ascending colon). Concentrations were considerably higher in intestinal contents, again on day 3 (1.349 ± 1.401 µg/g, descending colon; 0.591 ± 0.209 µg/g, ascending colon) than on days 6 (0.979 ± 0.346 µg/g, descending colon; 0.595 ± 0.075 µg/g, ascending colon) and 7 (0.247 ± 0.172 µg/g, descending colon; 0.172 ± 0.086 µg/g, ascending colon). Measured concentrations were lower than those effective against the most common intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in swine and, more specifically, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.SIThis research was funded by Laboratorios Syva S.A.U

Escritura creativa y diversidad de estrategias y recursos pedagógicos

Recursos pedagógicos, bases de datos y comunicación con universidades extranjeras para mejorar la enseñanza de la escritura creativa

Eating disorders

[EN] Eating disorders (EDs) are an important public health problem in developed countries. Despite the amount of epidemiological studies and causal theories, there is a great disparity of estimates and many questions remain still unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the population at risk of developing EDs and describe the risk profiles among adolescents and young people. Methods A transversal design using a twostage cluster sample of secondary education students aged between 12 and 18 years was used. The survey consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire along with the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-40 index and was carried out between May and June 1999. Results Results showed that 7.8% of the secondary school population had a high risk of developing eating disorders (EAT-40 higher than 30). Females presented a higher percentage [12.3%; 95% confidence limits (CL) 10.4–14.3%] than males (3.2%; 95% CL 2.1–4.2%) at the highest risk levels. A decreasing risk gradient was observed with age. Conclusions The estimates show an important difference between the risk in females and in males and suggests that the risk is incremented above all in the last few years of infancy and the first years of adolescence, when these boys and girls are more vulnerable to socio-cultural influences and do not yet have defined image and “behaviour models.

Improvement of albendazole bioavailability with menbutone administration in sheep

[EN] The pharmacokinetic interaction between a benzimidazole (albendazole, ABZ) and a choleretic drug (menbutone, MEN) was evaluated in sheep. The plasma disposition of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO, active metabolite) and albendazole sulfone (ABZSO2, inactive metabolite) was investigated following an oral administration of albendazole (ABZ) (5 mg/kg) alone or with menbutone (MEN) (intramuscular, 10 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected over 3 days post-treatment, and drug plasma concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ABZSO was measured from 0.5 to 48 h, and ABZSO2 from 2 to 60 h. No parent drug was detected at any sampling time. Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were 12.8% and 21.5% higher for ABZSO when ABZ and MENwere administered together, which indicates a significant increase in the amount absorbed. The rate of absorption was not modified, with similar values for the time to reach Cmax (tmax) (11.5 h with ABZ + MEN and 10.7 h with ABZ treatment), although no significant differences were observed for these latter pharmacokinetic parameters. Regarding ABZSO2, Cmax, AUC and tmax values were similar after both treatments (ABZ or ABZ + MEN). The results obtained indicate that co-administration of ABZ and MEN may be an interesting and practical option to increase the efficacy of this anthelmintic.S

Dermatomiositis en el paciente anciano: un reto diagnóstico

Dermatomyositis is a rare disease characterized by an inflammatory myopathy that follows up to a progressive weakness and dysphagia in a high percentage of patients. It can frequently lead to skin lesions that may help to conclude a final diagnosis. We present the case of an 88-year-old male that was admitted to the hospital because of muscular weakness in the lower extremities, dysphagia and erythematous scaly lesions on the neck and front face of the limbs. The importance of this case is to suspect causes whose characteristics can overlap with more prevalent problems in elder patients.La dermatomiositis es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por una miopatía inflamatoria que cursa con debilidad muscular progresiva y disfagia en un elevado porcentaje de los pacientes. Asocia frecuentemente lesiones dermatológicas que pueden ayudar a orientar el diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 88 años que ingresó por debilidad muscular en extremidades inferiores, disfagia y lesiones eritematodescamativas en cuello y cara anterior de las extremidades. La importancia de este caso es la de sospechar causas cuyas características pueden solaparse con problemas de mayor prevalencia en el paciente anciano