1970-O ano Vieira da Silva em Portugal. A grande exposição retrospectiva na Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a Grande Exposição Retrospetiva da pintora Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, realizada em 1970 nas Galerias de Exposições Temporárias da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. Esta exposição surgiu num momento em que a artista já gozava de grande reconhecimento internacional e foi organizada na sequência da realização de uma exposição retrospetiva itinerante, que teve o seu início no Musée Nationale d’Art Moderne de Paris, passando posteriormente pelas cidades de Roterdão, Oslo e Basileia. Realizada ainda durante o Estado Novo, e sabendo-se da conhecida posição de não apoio da artista ao regime português, a exposição beneficiou claramente do entusiástico apoio da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. Esta exposição foi verdadeiramente a primeira grande mostra da obra de Vieira da Silva em Portugal, mas também a maior exposição individual da obra da artista realizada até esse momento. Além desta retrospetiva, que obteve uma receção entusiástica do grande público e da crítica de arte, quer especializada quer generalista, em Portugal, realizaram-se em simultâneo ou imediatamente após, outras pequenas exposições de Vieira da Silva, nomeadamente na Galeria de S. Mamede e na Galeria 111. Estes elementos levam-nos a afirmar que 1970 terá sido o “ano de Vieira da Silva em Portugal”, aquele em que a obra desta artista obteve finalmente o merecido reconhecimento no seu país natal. Visando a análise e estudo desta primeira grande exposição retrospetiva, será efetuada uma contextualização do percurso da artista antes da sua realização – com destaque para a receção da sua obra em Portugal antes de 1970 - e serão estudados, de forma detalhada, diversos aspetos da exposição organizada pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian em 1970 e eventos a ela associados, bem como a respetiva receção crítica em Portugal.This dissertation focuses on the major retrospective exhibition of painter Maria Helena Vieira da Silva that took place in 1970, in the Temporary Exhibition Galleries of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, in Lisbon. This exhibition occurred in a moment when the work of the artist had already a substantial international recognition and was organized as being part of an european series of exhibitions that started in Paris, at the Musée Nationale d’Art Moderne, and was followed by exhibitions in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Oslo (Norway) and Basle (Switzerland). The exhibition took place during the period know in Portugal as “Estado Novo”, a period normally associated with low openness in several areas, among them culture. It was public knowledge that Vieira da Silva was not a supporter of the political situation in Portugal, however, this exhibition had a very strong support, since the beginning, from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. This event was trully the very first large exhibition of the work of Vieira da Silva in Portugal, but at the same time the largest single exhibition of the artist ever made. Besides from this large exhibition, that obtained an enthusiastic reception from the general public and the specialized and generalist art critic in Portugal, several other small exhibitions took place simultaneasly or immediately after, such as the exhibitions at Galeria S. Mamede and Galeria 111, which indicates that 1970 was the year when finally the work of Vieira da Silva obtained the deserved recognition on its home country. Aiming at the analysis and study of this first retrospective exhibition, a contextualisation of the artist career prior to this exhibition will be carried out - in particular the art crtitic reception of her work in Portugal before 1970 - and a detailed study of various aspects of the exhibition organized by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in 1970 and events associated with it, as well as its generalist and art critic reception in Portugal

Effect of Dried Pig Manure Fertilization on Barley Macronutrients and Sodium in a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone

Dried pig manure (DPM) may be valorized as a fertilizer suitable for barley crop in nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZs). The aim of this study was determine the macronutrients and sodium contents in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resulting from its application in a NVZ in Fompedraza (Valladolid, Spain). DPM was applied at three rates (85, 133, and 170 kg N ha-1 year-1); the mineral fertilizer with a nitrification inhibitor was applied at two rates (90 and 108 kg N ha-1 year-1), and these were compared with the control treatment (without fertilization) in a randomized complete block design. Nutrients were monitored in four different plant growth stages and in grain over a 3-year period. DMP-based fertilization increased P and Na contents in plant and decreased those of Ca and Mg. These changes were only translated into a P increase in grain. The Na content in plant should not affect the final crop yield, making this waste management strategy viable even in NVZs. However, N content in plant in tillering and stem elongation stages was lower for DPM-based fertilization than for mineral fertilization, and so was the C content, both in plant and in grain. Since N content is a limiting factor for crop development, supplementary mineral fertilization would be advised to compensate for N immobilization if this organic waste material is to be valorized as a fertilizer

Reduction of ammonia emissions from laying hen manure in a closed composting process using gas-permeable membrane technology

Nitrogen losses during composting processes lead to emissions problems and reduce the compost fertilizer value. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising approach to address the challenge of reducing nitrogen losses in composting processes. This study investigated the applicability of two GPM membrane systems to recover N released during the closed composting process of laying hen manure. The ammonia (NH3) capture process was performed using two different systems over a period of 44 days: the first system (S1) consisted of 120 m of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane installed inside a 3.7 m3 portable, closed aerobic composter with forced ventilation; the second system (S2) consisted of 474 m of an ePTFE membrane placed inside as an external module designed for NH3 capture, connected to a closed aerobic composter through a pipe. In both cases, a 1 N H2SO4 acidic NH3 capture solution was circulated inside the membranes at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered was similar in the two systems (0.61 kg in S1 and 0.65 kg in S2) due to the chosen membrane surface areas, but the TAN recovery rate was six times higher in system S1 (6.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) than in system S2 (1.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) due to the presence of a higher NH3 concentration in the air in contact with the membrane. Given that the NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of the membrane compartment directly influences the NH3 capture, better performance of the GPM recovery system may be attained by installing it directly inside the closed aerobic composters. Regardless of the chosen configuration, this technology allows N recovery as a stable and concentrated 1.4% N ammonium salt solution, which can be used for fertigation. The presented GPM systems may be used in community composting systems with low volumes of waste to be treated or in livestock facilities that have implemented best available techniques such as solid–liquid separation or anaerobic digestion, provided that the use of GPM technology in combination with these techniques also contributes to odor mitigation and improves biogas yield

Evaluation of different capture solutions for ammonia recovery in suspended gas permeable membrane systems

Gas permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising technology for the capture and recovery of ammonia (NH3). The work presented herein assessed the impact of the capture solution and temperature on NH3 recovery for suspended GPM systems, evaluating at a laboratory scale the performance of eight different trapping solutions (water and sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, carbonic, carbonic, acetic, citric, and maleic acids) at 25 and 2 °C. At 25 °C, the highest NH3 capture efficiency was achieved using strong acids (87% and 77% for sulfuric and nitric acid, respectively), followed by citric and phosphoric acid (65%) and water (62%). However, a remarkable improvement was observed for phosphoric acid (+15%), citric acid (+16%), maleic acid (+22%), and water (+12%) when the capture solution was at 2 °C. The economic analysis showed that water would be the cheapest option at any working temperature, with costs of 2.13 and 2.52 €/g N (vs. 3.33 and 3.43 €/g N for sulfuric acid) in the winter and summer scenarios, respectively. As for phosphoric and citric acid, they could be promising NH3 trapping solutions in the winter months, with associated costs of 3.20 and 3.96 €/g N, respectively. Based on capture performance and economic and environmental considerations, the reported findings support that water, phosphoric acid, and citric acid can be viable alternatives to the strong acids commonly used as NH3 adsorbents in these systems

Socio-Economic Inequalities in Lung Cancer Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

High resolution study of social inequalities in cancer (HiReSIC), Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) (PROYE20023SANC). Cancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) of the CIBERESP, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Ministry of Science and the National Research Agency of Spain (MCIN/AEI, JC2019-039691-I, http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, accessed on 4 October 2021).In the past decade, evidence has accumulated about socio-economic inequalities in very diverse lung cancer outcomes. To better understand the global effects of socio-economic factors in lung cancer, we conducted an overview of systematic reviews. Four databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting on the relationship between measures of socio-economic status (SES) (individual or area-based) and diverse lung cancer outcomes, including epidemiological indicators and diagnosis- and treatment-related variables. AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the quality of the selected systematic reviews. Eight systematic reviews based on 220 original studies and 8 different indicators were identified. Compared to people with a high SES, people with a lower SES appear to be more likely to develop and die from lung cancer. People with lower SES also have lower cancer survival, most likely due to the lower likelihood of receiving both traditional and next-generation treatments, higher rates of comorbidities, and the higher likelihood of being admitted as emergency. People with a lower SES are generally not diagnosed at later stages, but this may change after broader implementation of lung cancer screening, as early evidence suggests that there may be socio-economic inequalities in its use.High resolution study of social inequalities in cancer (HiReSIC), Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) PROYE20023SANCCancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) of the CIBERESP, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, SpainJuan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Ministry of ScienceNational Research Agency of Spain (MCIN/AEI) JC2019-039691-

The presence of death in Spanish education law (1812–2006)

The objective of this study is to determine whether death has been present, and if so in what way, in Spanish education law from 1812 to 2006. The presence of 25 terms semantically related to death was analyzed in laws and regulations on school curricula. Death is generally absent as a directly approachable phenomenon within the given period, except in scattered regulations which, as a rule, link death in education to religion. From the beginnings of the democratic period in Spain (1975), socially relevant subjects with indirect but significant relationships with death, such as biodiversity and the Holocaust, appea

Clinical utility of vitamin D in the treatment of idiopathic chronic lymphopenia: a possible intervention

Aim: To open the possibility of using vitamin D in cases of idiopathic lymphopenia. Background: In addition to its participation in the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus, vitamin D has immunomodulatory mechanisms, so, its deficiency, apart from being associated with bone abnormalities, accompanies the development of certain autoimmune diseases. Case Description: It is a case of leukopenia associated with idiopathic lymphopenia of four years of evolution, in a 51-year-old woman, with history of hemithyroidectomy and osteopenia in the lumbar spine. Management initially consisted in supplementation with calcium and ibandronic acid. However, in the presence of hypercalciuria, vitamin D deficiency was suspected, so its serum levels were quantified, confirming the deficiency, then calcitriol was added to the treatment. Five months after the first dose of calcitriol, the leukocytes and lymphocytes levels were within normal range. Conclusion: There are many therapeutic schemes to treat vitamin D deficiency, however, nowadays no cases have been reported confirming the positive effect on lymphocytes count after vitamin D supplementation. Clinical significance: Until now, cases of idiopathic lymphopenia have not been given any specific therapeutic alternative, and vitamin D could have a positive effect if there is an autoimmune component, and perhaps even offer a greater spectrum of benefits

Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la formulación de políticas públicas relacionadas con la vocación agrícola de las regiones

The objective of this work was to conduct a review on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to the formulation of public policies that contribute to the agricultural vocation of the regions. To this effect, a descriptive methodology with a mixed approach was employed. The methodological design used was PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The analyzed publications were taken from the Scopus database. For the quantitative analysis, the VosViewer software and the Bibliometrix R language library were used. As a result, it was found that AI techniques are employed to identify areas with an agricultural vocation or to find better agricultural practices that promote sustainable development. It was concluded that this research area is incipient and that it is necessary to generate new models that are more robust and include demographic, social, environmental, economic, and political variables.El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre el uso de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicadas a la formulación de políticas públicas que contribuyan a la vocación agrícola de las regiones, para lo cual se usó una metodología descriptiva con enfoque mixto. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue el PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Las publicaciones analizadas fueron tomadas de la base de datos de Scopus. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizaron las herramientas informáticas VosViewer y la librería Bibliometrix del lenguaje R. Como resultado se encontró que las técnicas de IA se han aplicado para identificar zonas con vocación agrícola o para encontrar mejores prácticas agrícolas que promuevan el desarrollo sostenible. Se concluyó que esta área de investigación es incipiente y que es necesario generar nuevos modelos que sean más robustos e incluyan variables demográficas, sociales, ambientales, económicas y políticas

Sistemas de soporte de decisiones (SSD) aplicados a la formulación de políticas públicas agrarias

Context: The process of formulating agricultural public policies is very complex due to the large number of variables involved in the process. That is why the development of decision support systems (DSS) help to improve this process. The article reviews the developments that have been made regarding the subject. Method: The method was to conduct a bibliographic review in several scientific databases, looking for developments of DSS systems applied to the process of formulating agricultural policies. When determining which DSS systems have been developed, a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the systems was carried out.Contexto: El proceso de formulación de políticas públicas agrarias es muy complejo por la gran cantidad de variables que intervienen en el proceso. Por eso el desarrollo de sistemas de soporte de decisiones (SSD) ayudan a mejorar dicho proceso. El artículo revisa los desarrollo que se han realizado con respecto al tema. Método: El método fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica en varias bases de datos científicas, buscando desarrollos de sistemas SSD aplicados al proceso de formulación de políticas agrarias. Al determinar cuales sistemas SSD se han desarrollado, se procedió a realizar un análisis cualitativo y también descriptivo de los sistemas.  Resultados: Se encontraron 30 sistemas SSD aplicados a la formulación de políticas agrarias, donde la mayoría están enfocados al proceso de producción agrícola y su relación con el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: La más relevante es la necesidad de generar sistemas SSD que determinen posibles comportamientos futuros de los interesados, al desarrollar potenciales políticas agrarias. Ajustadas a las características propias de los países ubicados en la zona tropical

What do teachers think of death education?

This study sets out to address a gap in research into teachers’ attitudes and opinions toward death education. To meet this objective, two complementary instruments were designed and validated: the Death Education Attitudes Scale-Teachers (DEAS-T), which showed suitable psychometric values, and the Death Education Questionnaire-Teachers (DEQ-T). The sample comprised 683 teachers from a range of schools. The results show moderately positive attitudes toward death education. Variables such as gender, age, type of teacher, and religious beliefs all influenced results. The findings argue in favor of the inclusion of death in education and teacher trainingThis work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under Grant [EDU2017- 85,296-R].Gobierno de España. EDU2017-. 85296-