Performance of Dual-Purpose Cows on a Native Pasture-\u3ci\u3eArachis pintoi\u3c/i\u3e Association in the Humid Tropics of Mexico

Native grasslands (NG) are the main feed supply of dual-purpose (DP) cows of the Mexican humid tropics. NG comprise about 85% of Paspalum, Axonopus and Cynodon species, about 5% of native legumes, mainly of Desmodium, and the remaining 10% are narrow and broad leafed weeds. Arachis pintoi (AP) is a persistent grazing tolerant tropical legume. In association with sown grasses, it has improved dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive quality of forage, and milk yield up to 9 kg/cow/day (González et al., 1996). The objective was to determine if productive performance of DP cows could be improved by the introduction of AP into NG grassland

Comparison of two sample preparation methods for 1H-NMR wine profiling: Direct analysis and solid-phase extraction

This study compares two sample preparation methods: direct analysis (DA) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for wine samples analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, the profile of Mexican commercial wines was evaluated. The selected wines were produced with different grape varieties: ('Barbera', 'Nebbiolo', 'Zinfandel', 'Merlot', 'Petite Syrah', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'White Zinfandel' and mixture of 'Chenin blanc' and 'Colombard') coming from the principal wine-producing region of Mexico, Baja California State. DA provided faster data acquisition in comparison to SPE and preserved the original sample composition. Using DA-NMR thirty two metabolites were identified, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, alcohols and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, SPE-NMR using a polymeric sorbent allowed to retain phenolic compounds giving a better picture on the aromatic region and eliminating major polar compounds like water, ethanol and sugars. Fourteen compounds were identified by SPE-NMR including higher alcohols, flavanols and hydroxybenzoates. A control chart for the first principal component allowed to confirm the precision of the SPE-NMR method, while a comparison of the concentration of two metabolites found in both methods was used to evaluate their recovery (20 % for isoamyl alcohol and 78 % for phenethyl alcohol). The information obtained with both methods about the main compounds and phenolic metabolites provides new insights into the metabolomic profile of wine, which could be useful in future targeted studies

Estudio morfológico de semillas de silene (caryophyllaceae) del Suroeste de España

Se estudia al microscopio óptico y electrónico de barrido las semillas de 39 especies de Silene L. presentes en el suroeste de España con el fin de comprobar la utilidad de sus caracteres morfológicos desde el punto de vista sistemático. Los caracteres que han resultado de mayor utilidad han sido el contorno de las semillas, la morfología de las caras laterales y su ornamentación, permitiendo establecer cuatro tipos morfológicos, en los que a su vez se han separado algunos subtipos. Las secciones Silene, Nicaeenses, Dipterosperma y Eudianthe han sido las más homogéneas, ya que cada una está incluida en un único tipo o subtipo. Por el contrario, las especies pertenecientes a las secciones Scorpioideae, Erectorefractae, Behenantha y Atocion quedan repartidas entre los tipos establecidos, debido a que las semillas de estas secciones son más heterogéneas. Se proporciona una clave para diferenciar los taxones o grupos de taxones.Morphological studies of seeds Silene (Caryophyllaceae) from southwest Spain. Seeds of 39 species of Silene L. from southwest of Spain were examined with scanning electron microscope and light microscope in order to evaluate the usefulness of morphological characters from the systematic point of view. The characters that have proved most useful were the outline of seeds, the morphology of the lateral faces and ornamentation, allowing to establish four morphological types in which in turn have separated some subtypes. The sections Silene, Nicaeenses, Dipterosperma and Eudianthe have been the most homogeneous, since each one is included in a type or subtype. On the contrary, the species belonging to the sections Scorpioideae, Erectorefractae, Atocion and Behenantha are distributed among the established types, because the seeds of these sections are more heterogeneous. A key to distinguish the different taxa or groups of taxa is provided

Neuronas en espejo. Otra forma de aprendizaje para el ser humano. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Resumen Introducción: Las neuronas espejo conocidas solo en el ser humano y en monos, se activan cuando el individuo realiza una acción y cuando observa una acción similar realizada por otro individuo, esto pertenece al campo de la percepción-ejecución-intención y forma parte de la teoría de la mente. Gracias a las técnicas de imagen cerebral, se han identificado algunas zonas cerebrales donde las neuronas espejo son activas, especialmente en el lóbulo parietal, área 40 de Brodman y en el lóbulo frontal posterior, área 44 de Brodman, junto al área de Broca. Por lo que el propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para correlacionar si hay problema en las neuronas espejo en los desórdenes psiquiátricos severos como la esquizofrenia y en desórdenes conductuales como la falta de empatía que se ha asociado a una “falta” de inteligencia emocional. Material y métodos: Se buscaron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y artículos doble ciego con grupo control de las revistas The New England Journal of Medicina, The Lancet y la Revista Neurology, Journal of Apply Physiology,así como Anales de Psicología, utilizando las bases de datos de Pubmed, Medline,SciELO, www.mdconsult.com, www.aha.com, www.online.ca/medline. El estudio se llevó a cabo de Marzo de 2019 a Agosto de 2019 y se realizó en el Departamento de Farmacología de la Facultad de Medicina de la propia UAEMéx. Resultados y Discusión: De 75 artículos publicados en el presente siglo XXI se extrajo la información que a manera abreviada se presenta a continuación: Existió una relación en la enfermedad autismo y la falla de las neuronas espejo en los sujetos estudiados. En pacientes epilépticos con focalización temporal presentan dificultad en las pruebas neuropsicológicas del lenguaje y de memoria, y no se puede demostrar activación de las neuronas espejo. En el caso de las psicosis esta se asocia también a disfunciones en los mecanismos de predicción del cerebro normal. Y el déficit de cognición en especial social se presentan aún más en los psicópatas. La imagen corporal se aprende de la experiencia durante el desarrollo pre y post natal con la participación de las neuronas espejo. A futuro la terapia espejo podría emplearse como adyuvante en el manejo del dolor crónico incluso en dolor por infarto miocárdico. Conclusiones: Las neuronas espejo podrían participar en la génesis y desarrollo de los síntomas en caso de pacientes autistas. Las alteraciones en la relación sustancia gris/sustancia blanca en determinadas zonas cerebrales participa en la génesis y desarrollo de los trastornos psiquiátricos. Las crisis epilépticas focalizadas en las regiones relacionadas con las neuronas espejo afectan su función. Niños y adultos con psicopatías se caracterizan por déficits emocionales. La terapia espejo ha sido usada con éxito en pacientes que han presentado amputaciones de brazos o piernas y quizá podría ayudar en el infarto y en el dolor crónico. Abstract Introduction: Mirror neurons known only in humans and monkeys, are activated when the individual performs an action and when observes a similar action performed by another individual, this belongs to the field of perception-execution-intention and is part of the theory of mind. So the purpose of this work is to perform a systematic review of the literature to correlate if there is a problem in mirror neurons in severe psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and behavioral disorders such as lack of empathy that has been associated with a “lack “ emotional intelligence. Material and methods: We searched systematic reviews, meta-analyzes and double-blind articles with control group of The New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet and the Neurology Magazine, Journal of Apply Physiology, as well as Anales de Psicología, using the databases of Pubmed, Medline, SciELO, www.mdconsult.com, www.aha.com, www.online.ca/medline. The study was carried out from March 2019 to August 2019 and was carried out in the Pharmacology Department of the Faculty of Medicine of UAEMex itself. Results and Discussion: Of the 75 articles published in the 21st century, the following information was extracted: There was a relationship in the autism disease and the failure of the mirror neurons in the subjects studied. In epileptic patients with temporal focalization they present difficulty in neuropsychological tests of language and memory, and activation of mirror neurons can not be demonstrated. In the case of psychoses this is also associated with dysfunctions in the prediction mechanisms of the normal brain. And the deficit of cognition especially social appear even more in psychopaths.Body image is learned from experience during pre and post natal development with the participation of mirror neurons. In the future, mirror therapy could be used as an adjuvant in the management of chronic pain even in pain due to myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Mirror neurons could participate in the genesis and development of symptoms in autistic patients. Alterations in the gray matter / white substance ratio in certain brain areas participate in the genesis and development of psychiatric disorders. Epileptic seizures focused on regions related to mirror neurons affect their function. Children and adults with psychopathies are characterized by emotional deficits. The mirror therapy has been used successfully in patients who have had arm or leg amputations and could perhaps help in the infarction and in the chronic pain

Neuronas en espejo. Otra forma de aprendizaje para el ser humano. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Resumen Introducción: Las neuronas espejo conocidas solo en el ser humano y en monos, se activan cuando el individuo realiza una acción y cuando observa una acción similar realizada por otro individuo, esto pertenece al campo de la percepción-ejecución-intención y forma parte de la teoría de la mente. Gracias a las técnicas de imagen cerebral, se han identificado algunas zonas cerebrales donde las neuronas espejo son activas, especialmente en el lóbulo parietal, área 40 de Brodman y en el lóbulo frontal posterior, área 44 de Brodman, junto al área de Broca. Por lo que el propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para correlacionar si hay problema en las neuronas espejo en los desórdenes psiquiátricos severos como la esquizofrenia y en desórdenes conductuales como la falta de empatía que se ha asociado a una “falta” de inteligencia emocional. Material y métodos: Se buscaron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y artículos doble ciego con grupo control de las revistas The New England Journal of Medicina, The Lancet y la Revista Neurology, Journal of Apply Physiology,así como Anales de Psicología, utilizando las bases de datos de Pubmed, Medline,SciELO, www.mdconsult.com, www.aha.com, www.online.ca/medline. El estudio se llevó a cabo de Marzo de 2019 a Agosto de 2019 y se realizó en el Departamento de Farmacología de la Facultad de Medicina de la propia UAEMéx. Resultados y Discusión: De 75 artículos publicados en el presente siglo XXI se extrajo la información que a manera abreviada se presenta a continuación: Existió una relación en la enfermedad autismo y la falla de las neuronas espejo en los sujetos estudiados. En pacientes epilépticos con focalización temporal presentan dificultad en las pruebas neuropsicológicas del lenguaje y de memoria, y no se puede demostrar activación de las neuronas espejo. En el caso de las psicosis esta se asocia también a disfunciones en los mecanismos de predicción del cerebro normal. Y el déficit de cognición en especial social se presentan aún más en los psicópatas. La imagen corporal se aprende de la experiencia durante el desarrollo pre y post natal con la participación de las neuronas espejo. A futuro la terapia espejo podría emplearse como adyuvante en el manejo del dolor crónico incluso en dolor por infarto miocárdico. Conclusiones: Las neuronas espejo podrían participar en la génesis y desarrollo de los síntomas en caso de pacientes autistas. Las alteraciones en la relación sustancia gris/sustancia blanca en determinadas zonas cerebrales participa en la génesis y desarrollo de los trastornos psiquiátricos. Las crisis epilépticas focalizadas en las regiones relacionadas con las neuronas espejo afectan su función. Niños y adultos con psicopatías se caracterizan por déficits emocionales. La terapia espejo ha sido usada con éxito en pacientes que han presentado amputaciones de brazos o piernas y quizá podría ayudar en el infarto y en el dolor crónico. Abstract Introduction: Mirror neurons known only in humans and monkeys, are activated when the individual performs an action and when observes a similar action performed by another individual, this belongs to the field of perception-execution-intention and is part of the theory of mind. So the purpose of this work is to perform a systematic review of the literature to correlate if there is a problem in mirror neurons in severe psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and behavioral disorders such as lack of empathy that has been associated with a “lack “ emotional intelligence. Material and methods: We searched systematic reviews, meta-analyzes and double-blind articles with control group of The New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet and the Neurology Magazine, Journal of Apply Physiology, as well as Anales de Psicología, using the databases of Pubmed, Medline, SciELO, www.mdconsult.com, www.aha.com, www.online.ca/medline. The study was carried out from March 2019 to August 2019 and was carried out in the Pharmacology Department of the Faculty of Medicine of UAEMex itself. Results and Discussion: Of the 75 articles published in the 21st century, the following information was extracted: There was a relationship in the autism disease and the failure of the mirror neurons in the subjects studied. In epileptic patients with temporal focalization they present difficulty in neuropsychological tests of language and memory, and activation of mirror neurons can not be demonstrated. In the case of psychoses this is also associated with dysfunctions in the prediction mechanisms of the normal brain. And the deficit of cognition especially social appear even more in psychopaths.Body image is learned from experience during pre and post natal development with the participation of mirror neurons. In the future, mirror therapy could be used as an adjuvant in the management of chronic pain even in pain due to myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Mirror neurons could participate in the genesis and development of symptoms in autistic patients. Alterations in the gray matter / white substance ratio in certain brain areas participate in the genesis and development of psychiatric disorders. Epileptic seizures focused on regions related to mirror neurons affect their function. Children and adults with psychopathies are characterized by emotional deficits. The mirror therapy has been used successfully in patients who have had arm or leg amputations and could perhaps help in the infarction and in the chronic pain

Towns with extremely low mortality due to ischemic heart disease in Spain

BACKGROUND: The cause of coronary disease inframortality in Spain is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify Spanish towns with very low ischemic heart disease mortality, describe their health and social characteristics, and analyze the relationship with a series of contextual factors. METHODS: We obtained the number of deaths registered for each of 8,122 Spanish towns in the periods 1989-1998 and 1999-2003. Expected deaths, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), smoothed Relative Risk (RR), and Posterior Probability (PP) of RR > 1 were calculated using Bayesian hierarchical models. Inframortality was defined as any town that displayed an RR below the 10th percentile, an SMR of under 1 for both sexes, and a PP of RR > 1 less than or equal to 0.002 for male and 0.005 for female mortality, during the two periods covered. All the remaining towns, except for those with high mortality classified as "tourist towns", were selected as controls. The association among socioeconomic, health, dietary, lifestyle and vascular risk factors was analyzed using sequential mixed logistic regression models, with province as the random-effects variable. RESULTS: We identified 32 towns in which ischemic heart disease mortality was half the national rate and four times lower than the European Union rate, situated in lightly populated provinces spread across the northern half of Spain, and revealed a surprising pattern of geographic aggegation for 23 of the 32 towns. Variables related with inframortality were: a less aged population (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.99); a contextual dietary pattern marked by a high fish content (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.38-3.28) and wine consumption (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.08-2.07); and a low prevalence of obesity (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.22-1.01); and, in the case of towns of over 1000 inhabitants, a higher physician-population ratio (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.17-12.3). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that dietary and health care factors have an influence on inframortality. The geographical aggregation suggests that other factors with a spatial pattern, e.g., genetic or environmental might also be implicated. These results will have to be confirmed by studies in situ, with objective measurements at an individual level.This study was funded by research study grant no. PI06/0656 from Spain's Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria).S

Comparison of hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy and the active labor phase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pregnancy is accompanied by several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological changes which revert to normal values after labor. The mean values of these parameters have been reported for developed countries, but not for Mexican women. Furthermore, labor constitutes a stress situation, in which these factors may be altered. It is known that serologic increase of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is associated with abnormal pregnancies, presenting very low level in normal pregnant women. Nevertheless, there are no studies where these measurements are compared in healthy pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy (3TP) and the active labor phase (ActLP).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy five healthy Mexican pregnant women were included. Hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters were obtained in all cases, and serum Hsp70 levels were measured in a sample of 15 women at 3TP and at ActLP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant differences were found in most analysis performed and in Hsp70 concentration at 3TP as compared to ActLP, however all were within normal range in both conditions, supporting that only in pathological pregnancies Hsp70 is drastically increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results obtained indicate that 3TP and ActLP have clinical similarities in normal pregnancies, therefore if abnormalities are found during 3TP, precautions should be taken before ActLP.</p

Deep-sequencing reveals broad subtype-specific HCV resistance mutations associated with treatment failure

A percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients fail direct acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment regimens, often because of drug resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients. A new, standardized HCV-RAS testing protocol based on deep sequencing was designed and applied to 220 previously subtyped samples from patients failing DAA treatment, collected in 39 Spanish hospitals. The majority had received DAA-based interferon (IFN) a-free regimens; 79% had failed sofosbuvir-containing therapy. Genomic regions encoding the nonstructural protein (NS) 3, NS5A, and NS5B (DAA target regions) were analyzed using subtype-specific primers. Viral subtype distribution was as follows: genotype (G) 1, 62.7%; G3a, 21.4%; G4d, 12.3%; G2, 1.8%; and mixed infections 1.8%. Overall, 88.6% of patients carried at least 1 RAS, and 19% carried RAS at frequencies below 20% in the mutant spectrum. There were no differences in RAS selection between treatments with and without ribavirin. Regardless of the treatment received, each HCV subtype showed specific types of RAS. Of note, no RAS were detected in the target proteins of 18.6% of patients failing treatment, and 30.4% of patients had RAS in proteins that were not targets of the inhibitors they received. HCV patients failing DAA therapy showed a high diversity of RAS. Ribavirin use did not influence the type or number of RAS at failure. The subtype-specific pattern of RAS emergence underscores the importance of accurate HCV subtyping. The frequency of “extra-target” RAS suggests the need for RAS screening in all three DAA target regions

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research