The geometric origin of perspectivist science in G.W. Leibniz. Analysis based on unpublished manuscripts

The perspectivist research carried out by G.W. Leibniz between 1679 and 1686 in the field of geometry is analysed. This work is reflected in six, as yet unpublished, texts, of which the main three are analysed: Constructio et usus scalae perspectivae, Origo regularum artis perspectivaeand Scientia perspectiva. The philosophical perspectivism advocated by the German thinker is widely known, but his geometric research on perspective is much less so. This article seeks to remedy this situation. The first of these writings (Constructio et usus scalae perspectivae) includes Leibniz’s experimentation with the perspectivist methodology of scales. Then, in Origo regularum artis perspectivae quales, Leibniz constructs his perspectivist regula generalis. Finally, Leibniz wrote Scientia perspectiva andreaddresses the main rule of perspective and experiments with the theoretical limits of the analysis carried out in this discipline. Primarily, he supposed a ‘minimum distance’ between the elements that constitute it, and then theorised an ‘infinite interval’ between these same elements.Die perspektivische Forschung von G.W. Leibniz zwischen 1679 und 1686 auf dem Gebiet der Geometrie wird analysiert. Diese Arbeit spiegelt sich in sechs noch unveröffentlichten Arbeiten wider, von denen die drei wichtigsten analysiert werden: Constructio et usus scalae perspektive, Origo regulumum artis perspektive quales und Scientia perspektive. Die erste dieser Arbeiten enthält Leibniz ’Experimente mit der perspektivischen Methodik von Skalen. Dann konstruiert Leibniz in Origo regularum artis perspekti-vae quales seine perspektivische regula generalis. Schließlich schreibt Leibniz Scientia perspektive. Obwohl es das einzige ist, das für die Veröffentlichung konzipiert zu sein scheint, war es es nie. In Scientia perspektive spricht Leibniz die “allgemeine Regel” der Perspektive neu an und experimentiert mit den theoretischen Grenzen der in dieser Disziplin durchgeführten Analyse. In erster Linie nahm er einen “Mindestabstand” zwischen den Elementen an, aus denen er besteht, und theoretisiert dann ein “unendliches Intervall” zwischen denselben Elementen

Evolución de la materia seca y el porcentaje de proteína en vicia inoculada y no inoculada en la región semiárida pampeana

El uso de vicia asociada a una gramínea anual como verdeo en la región semiárida pampeana es una alternativa para la producción de forraje inverno­primaveral ya que se adapta bien a las rotaciones de explotaciones mixtas. Además, aporta nitrógeno con la fijación biológica, siendo este nutriente deficitario en nuestra región. El objetivo de trabajo, fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación con Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae en la producción de materia seca aérea y radical, el contenido de nitrógeno, la ubicación de los nódulos y su infectividad­efectividad. La biomasa aérea y radical no difirió con el agregado de inoculante, ni aumentó el número de nódulos en la raíz primaria, en cambio sí en las secundarias. La infectividad en las raíces secundarias fue aumentando con el tiempo. La efectividad de los nódulos fue mayor en el tratamiento inoculado, en raíces primarias y secundarias. No hubo diferencias estadísticas en el contenido de proteína bruta, tanto aérea, cómo radical. Director: Fernández, Miguel Ánge

EEG Interchannel Causality to Identify Source/Sink Phase Connectivity Patterns in Developmental Dyslexia

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and bandlimited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels’ activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the stablished right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the assumption of the temporal sampling framework of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively

Higher prevalence of X-ray selected AGN in intermediate age galaxies up to z~1

We analyse the stellar populations in the host galaxies of 53 X-ray selected optically dull active galactic nuclei (AGN) at 0.34<z<1.07 with ultra-deep (m=26.5) optical medium-band (R~50) photometry from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS). The spectral resolution of SHARDS allows us to consistently measure the strength of the 4000 AA break, Dn(4000), a reliable age indicator for stellar populations. We confirm that most X-ray selected moderate-luminosity AGN (L_X<10^44 erg/s) are hosted by massive galaxies (typically M*>10^10.5 M_sun) and that the observed fraction of galaxies hosting an AGN increases with the stellar mass. A careful selection of random control samples of inactive galaxies allows us to remove the stellar mass and redshift dependencies of the AGN fraction to explore trends with several stellar age indicators. We find no significant differences in the distribution of the rest-frame U-V colour for AGN hosts and inactive galaxies, in agreement with previous results. However, we find significantly shallower 4000 AA breaks in AGN hosts, indicative of younger stellar populations. With the help of a model-independent determination of the extinction, we obtain extinction-corrected U-V colours and light-weighted average stellar ages. We find that AGN hosts have younger stellar populations and higher extinction compared to inactive galaxies with the same stellar mass and at the same redshift. We find a highly significant excess of AGN hosts with Dn(4000)~1.4 and light weighted average stellar ages of 300-500 Myr, as well as a deficit of AGN in intrinsic red galaxies. We interpret failure in recognising these trends in previous studies as a consequence of the balancing effect in observed colours of the age-extinction degeneracy.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Applied methodology based on HEC-HMS for reservoir filling estimation due to soil erosion

Authors propose a beneficial methodology for hydrological planning in their study. Prospective evaluations of the basins' net capacity can be done using the technique presented. The HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modelling System) software can be used to estimate in a basin, the sediment emitted. For a certain precipitation, this methodology allows estimating, within a certain range, the gradual blockage of a reservoir, and even a projected date for total blockage. This has some applications to adopt corrective measures that prevent or delay the planned blockage deadlines. The model is of the semi-distributed type, estimating the generation and emission of sediments by sub-basins. The integration of different return periods in HEC-HMS with a semi-distributed model by sub-basins and the application of a mathematical model are the differentiating element of this research. The novelty of this work is to allow prognosing the reservoir sedimentation rate of basins in a local and regional scale with a medium and large temporary framework. The developed methodology allows public institutions to take decisions concerning hydrological planning. It has been applied to the case of "Charco Redondo"reservoir, in Cádiz, Andalusia, in southern Spain. Applying the methodology to this case, an average soil degradation of the reservoir basin has been estimated. Therefore, it is verified that in 50 years the reservoir is expected to lose 8.4% of its capacity

Plan de negocio para una empresa de partes aerodinámicas exclusivamente para automóviles

Dicho en la página oficial de la fórmula1 (www.F1.COM) Desde los años 60 surgió la necesidad de hacer los vehículos más aerodinámicos, con el fin de disminuir la resistencia que estos hacían al aire proveniente de la velocidad generada por el coche, no obstante los pioneros en incluir alerones en los vehículos fueron los ingenieros de la fórmula 1, luego estos alerones evolucionaron y se adaptaron para cada tipo de competencia, tal como, carreras de rally, dragrace y competencias de turismos en circuito. Con el transcurrir de los años y como sucede con todas las tecnologías automotrices, los elementos tecnológicos probados en carreras profesionales son adaptados al mercado automotriz, Con el fin de ofrecer diferenciación, de la competencia, no obstante el consumidor siempre quiere más y mejores tecnologías para su vehículo que le ofrezcan un buen rendimiento y es por ello que en los años ochenta, nació el tuning. Tuning en el mundo del automóvil, es sinónimo de la personalización de un vehículo motorizado a través de diferentes modificaciones de la mecánica para mayor rendimiento, y también aplicado popularmente a cambios exteriores de la carrocería e incluso interiores de la cabina aunque esto último en realidad no sería "Tuning" sino "Custom". Se identifica así a los automóviles personalizados y se pretende lograr una originalidad del vehículo, apartándose de su apariencia de serie y orientándolo al gusto propio. El origen del tuning es impreciso. Algunos lo atribuyen a Europa, concretamente en Alemania entre 1960 y 1970. Otros indican que tendencias de modificación del automóvil como los "LowRider" se comenzaron a popularizar en Estados Unidos durante los años cincuenta. Se citan a los Hot Rods y al movimiento surgido en California luego de la Gran Depresión de1929.Incluye bibliografía, anexo

Complete Genome Sequence of the Alfalfa Symbiont Sinorhizobium/ Ensifer meliloti Strain GR4

We present the complete nucleotide sequence of the multipartite genome of Sinorhizobium/Ensifer meliloti GR4, a predominant rhizobial strain in an agricultural field site. The genome (total size, 7.14 Mb) consists of five replicons: one chromosome, two expected symbiotic megaplasmids (pRmeGR4c and pRmeGR4d), and two accessory plasmids (pRmeGR4a and pRmeGR4b).This work was supported by research grants BIO2011-24401 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and CSD 2009-0006 of Programme Consolider-Ingenio, both including ERDF (European Regional Development Funds). L.M.-R. and J.A.L.-C. were supported by predoctoral fellowships (Programs JAE-Predoc and I3P from Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, respectively). We are particularly grateful to M. G. Claros and R. Bautista from Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática (Universidad de Málaga) Spain, to A. J. Fernández-González for bioinformatics support, and to the Estación Experimental del Zaidín—CSIC for DNA sequencing services.Peer reviewe

GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations2. Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group3. Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling ( JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A)

Acuerdo Transatlántico para el Comercio y la Inversión entre la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos

La Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica se encuentran negociando un mega- acuerdo comercial denominado “Acuerdo Transatlántico para el Comercio y la Inversión (ATCI)”, cuyo objetivo es eliminar los aranceles y reducir barreras no arancelarias como las diferencias arbitrarias en las regulaciones y normas de la industria para productos, servicios e inversión exterior directa. Esta negociación se está llevando a cabo fuera de la órbita de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). El contenido de las negociaciones hace suponer que en el caso de firmarse dicho acuerdo el mismo generará un fuerte impacto en el comercio internacional.The European Union and the United States of America are negotiating a mega-trade agreement called the "Transatlantic Agreement for Trade and Investment" (TTIP), which aims to eliminate tariffs and reduce barriers, arbitrary differences in regulations and industry standards for products, services and direct foreign investment. This negotiation is taking place outside the orbit of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The content of the negotiations suggest that in the case of signing such an agreement, it will have a strong impact on international trade.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Urban life promotes delayed dispersal and family living in a non‑social bird species

In some vertebrate species, family units are typically formed when sexually mature individuals delay dispersal and independent breeding to remain as subordinates in a breeding group. This behaviour has been intensively studied in gregarious species but has also been described in non-social species where ecological and evolutionary drivers are less known. Here, we explore factors that favour delayed dispersal and family living and potential benefts associated with this strategy in a non-social, monogamous species (the burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia) occupying urban and rural habitats. Our results show that family units arise when frst-year individuals, mainly males, delay their dispersal to stay in their natal nests with their parents. This delayed dispersal, while still uncommon, was more prevalent in urban (7%) than in rural (3%) habitats, and in areas with high conspecifc density and productivity. Birds delaying dispersal contributed to the genetic pool of the ofspring in 25% of the families analysed, but did not increase the productivity of the nests where they remained. However, their presence was related to an improvement in the body condition of chicks, which was ultimately linked to a slightly positive efect in ofspring future survival probabilities. Finally, delayed dispersers were recruited as breeders in high-quality urban territories and closer to their natal nests than individuals dispersing during their frst year of life. Thus, our results suggest that delaying dispersal may be mainly related to opportunities to inheriting a good quality territory, especially for males. Our study contributes to understanding the role played by habitat quality in promoting delayed dispersal and family living, not only in social but also non-social species, highlighting its impact in the ecology and evolution of animal populationsPeer reviewe