Uso de dexmedetomidina como tratamiento coadyuvante de síndrome de abstinencia alcohólica: revisión sistemática

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer si la dexmedetomidina (DEX) es segura y efectiva para el manejo coadyuvante de síndrome de abstinencia a alcohol (SAA) a través de la búsqueda de evidencia científica. Metodología: se realiza una revisión sistemática de literatura publicada y no publicada desde enero de 1989 hasta febrero 2016 en PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Bireme, Cochrane library y en otras bases de datos y portales. Los criterios de inclusión fueron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados, estudios cuasi-experimentales, estudios de cohorte, y estudios de casos y controles; que incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico de SAA y donde se usó DEX como terapia coadyuvante. Resultados: 7 estudios, 477 pacientes, se incluyeron en el análisis final. Se encontraron dos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, tres estudios de casos y controles y dos estudios de cohorte retrospectivo. Solo uno de los estudios fue doble ciego y utilizó placebo como comparador. Análisis y conclusiones: en los estudios experimentales se determinan que el uso de DEX como terapia coadyuvante en el manejo de SAA tiene significancia clínica y estadística para disminuir dosis de BZD en las primeras 24 horas de tratamiento; pero no demostraron tener otros beneficios clínicos. En los estudios no aleatorizados existe consenso que relaciona el uso de DEX con menores dosis de BZD de forma temprana. Recomendaciones: no se recomienda el uso de DEX en SAA de forma rutinaria. Se recomienda usar DEX solo en casos en el que exista evidencia fallo terapéutico a BZD.Systematic review about dexmedetomidine adjuntive use in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrom

Maestres y señores de naos, con particular referencia a los onubenses y la financiación de la Carrera de Indias

Tomo I ; págs. 105-12

Relaciones económicas entre Andalucía y América en el siglo XIX : una aproximación

Tomo I ; págs. 229-24

Measuring research performance in international collaboration

Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida; Miguel, Sandra; Perianes-Rodríguez, Antonio. (2016). Measuring research performance in international collaboration. 14th International Congress of Information, Info '2016. La Havana, Cuba, October 31- November 4, 2016.International collaboration in the creation of knowledge is responsible to change the structural stratification of science having profound implications for the governance of science. Analysis of collaboration in Latin American and Caribbean countries is of particular significance, because initiatives are often the result of “research-for-aid” arrangements, generally based on North–South asymmetries. However, collaboration for mutual benefit and excellence has gained increasing acceptance, with “partner” selection becoming a strategic priority to enhance one’s own production. The general aim of this study is to quantify the benefit rate in visibility and impact of scientific production in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology (NST) bearing in mind the different types of output (total, in leadership, excellent, and excellent with leadership) of the six main producers of knowledge in NST in Latin America in the period 2003-2013. More specifically we aspire to visualize the networks of international collaboration in a given country (ego-network) to represent the difference between the citations received per type of output, and identify the associates with whom a country has greater potential and capacity to generate knowledge of high quality, as well as the differences existing in terms of visibility depending on the type of production analyzed. In short, we wish to determine the benefits of such collaborative efforts. In this way we could respond to questions such as: a) With which countries is collaboration established? and b) With which collaborating countries are the greatest volume of citations per document obtained, according to the type of output.This work was made possible through financing by the Project NANOMETRICS (Ref. CSO2014-57770-R) supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of SpainPeer reviewe

La programación orientada al objeto aplicada al cálculo por el método de los elementos finitos

Los códigos orientados al objeto han surgido recientemente como una alternativa a los programas convencionales de cálculo por el método de los elementos finitos. La información se almacena según objetos de naturaleza más compleja que las variables habituales en FORTRAN u otros lenguajes. Estos objetos pueden ser combinados entre ellos para generar nuevos objetos, avanzando de esta manera en el proceso general de cálculo. En consecuencia, todo problema se resuelve con una sucesión de instrucciones de carácter notablemente abstracto. La facilidad de acceso a la información, así como la capacidad de gestionar de manera genérica estructuras de datos muy elaboradas, convierten a la programación orientada al objeto en una opción muy válida en ingeniería y desarrollo. Algunas de sus posibilidades y características se muestran aquí, tanto desde un punto de vista formal como a través de diversos ejemplos de aplicación a diferentes problemas, resueltos con el código orientado al objeto CASTEM2000.Object-Oriented Programming is a new trend in software design and development which arises from the need of reducing the costs of creating and maintaining complex computer software. Much of the power of conventional programming comes from the abstract representation of data structures. Object-oriented programming takes a step further and represents everything as objects which may contain not only data, but also the functions which operate on that data. Thus, the basic philosophy of the object-oriented approach is to build parts of a large program as abstract "objects". This new approach is being applied to the development of CASTEM2000, a FEM package for thermo-mechanical analysis. In this article, we present first, the theoretical basis of this ongoing effort. And second, we demonstrate the current capabilities of CASTEM2000 with a sample of selected examples.Peer Reviewe

Effects of wet/dry-cycling and plasma treatments on the properties of flax nonwovens intended for composite reinforcing

Producción CientíficaThis research analyzes the effects of different treatments on flax nonwoven (NW) fabrics which are intended for composite reinforcement. The treatments applied were of two different kinds: a wet/dry cycling which helps to stabilize the cellulosic fibers against humidity changes and plasma treatments with air, argon and ethylene gases considering different conditions and combinations, which produce variation on the chemical surface composition of the NWs. The resulting changes in the chemical surface composition, wetting properties, thermal stability and mechanical properties were determined. Variations in surface morphology could be observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed significant changes to the surface chemistry for the samples treated with argon or air (with more content on polar groups on the surface) and ethylene plasma (with less content of polar groups). Although only slight differences were found in moisture regain and water retention values (WRV), significant changes were found on the contact angle values, thus revealing hydrophilicity for the air-treated and argon-treated samples and hydrophobicity for the ethylene-treated ones. Moreover, for some of the treatments the mechanical testing revealed an increase of the NW breaking force.Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (grants BIA2014-59399-R and FPU12/05869

Comparative study on high temperature mechanical behavior in 3YTZP containing SWCNTs or MWCNTs

Effects on mechanical properties of the presence of either single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a 3YTZP matrix have been investigated in this work. Thus, monolithic 3YTZP and 3YTZP containing 2.5 vol% either SWCNTs or MWCNTs were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 1250 °C. Samples were crept at temperatures between 1100 and 1200 °C and stresses between 5 and 230 MPa. Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate the absence of severe damages in the CNTs structure after sintering and testing. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that microstructures do not evolve during creep tests. Mechanical results point out that monolithic 3YTZP exhibits a higher creep resistance than composites since CNTs facilitate grain boundary sliding during high-temperature deformation. SWCNTs and MWCNTs have a similar effect on the high temperature mechanical behavior in 3YTZP where the bundle length and the level of dispersion of CNTs play a crucial role.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2009-11078, MAT2012-34217Junta de Andalucía P12-FQM-107

Microstructure and high temperatures mechanical properties of liquid-phase-sintered α-SIC with Y2O3-AL2O3 additions

Muestras de α-SiC han sido sinterizadas con fase líquida (LPS) a 1950 ºC, en atmósfera de argón y tiempos de procesado entre 1 y 7 horas. Mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) se ha caracterizado la microestructura, obteniéndose un tamaño medio de grano que aumenta con el tiempo de procesado desde 0.64 a 1.61 µm. Estas muestras han sido deformadas en compresión a carga constante, a temperaturas entre 1450 y 1625 ºC, tensiones entre 25 y 450 MPa y velocidades de deformación entre 4.2·10-8 y 1.5·10-6 s-1. Se han determinado los parámetros de fluencia, obteniéndose para n valores entre 2.4 0.1 y 4.5 0.2 y Q=680 35 kJ.mol-1 en muestras sinterizadas durante 1 hora, y n entre 1.2 0.1 y 2.4 0.1 y Q=710 90 kJ.mol-1 para muestras sinterizadas durante 7 horas. Estos resultados se han correlacionado con la microestructura y se han propuesto como posibles mecanismos de deformación el deslizamiento de frontera de grano (GBS) acomodado por difusión en volumen, y el movimiento de dislocaciones, actuando ambos mecanismos de forma simultánea.Samples of α-SiC have been sintered with liquid phase (LPS) to 1950 ºC, in atmosphere of argon and processing times between 1 and 7 hours. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the microstructure of the samples has been characterized, being obtained average grain size that grows with the processing time from 0.64 to 1.61 µm. These samples have been deformed in compression under constant load, to temperatures between 1450 and 1625 ºC, stresses between 25 and 450 MPa and strain rate between 4.2·10-8 and 1.5·10-6 s1. The creep parameters have been determined, obtaining for n values between 2.4 0.1 and 4.5 0.2 and Q=680 35 kJ.mol-1 in samples sintered during 1 hour and n between 1.2 0.1 and 2.4 0.1 and Q=710 90 kJ.mol-1 for samples sintered during 7 hours. These results have been correlated with the microstructure, being the grain boundary sliding (GBS) accommodated by lattice diffusion and the movement of dislocations the possible deformation mechanisms, operating both in a simultaneous way

Gamification and Virtual Reality for Tongue Rehabilitation

Purpose: Lingual exercises based on tongue movements are common in speech therapy. These exercises can be tedious for patients, but gamification and virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays (HMD) can serve as effective strategies to enhance their motivation and engagement. However, the use of these technologies can be challenging for therapists due to a lack of technological skills. Material and Methods: A new system to support HMD-based VR for gamified tongue rehabilitation exercises is proposed. The system offers a variety of games that challenge users to achieve their goals through tongue movements and sound interaction. These games support different interaction actions that can be set by therapists using easy-to-use editors. The system also provide functionalities for patient follow-up. The system has been implemented and tested considering different technologies such as mobile devices, personal computers, and HMD complemented with an external camera to properly capture the tongue movements. Results: The therapists found the system to be user-friendly, requiring no additional support for effective utilization. The system's versatility allows it to be used on mobile devices, as well as with augmented and virtual reality techniques, resulting in more engaging rehabilitation sessions. However, the sensibility of device movements to face detection strategies is a limiting factor of this configuration. In the case of using personal computers with HMD, better results are obtained and especially when virtual reality is considered. In this last case, it is better to consider illuminated scenarios to ensure the proper detection of facial movements. Conclusion: HMD-based VR for gamified tongue rehabilitation with ease to use editors to prepare sessions is a good strategy to improve patient engagement in tongue rehabilitation sessions