Factors related to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy in Spain

Introduction: The voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) is a complex process, influenced both by health and psychosocial factors, which in turn affect the health and well-being of the women. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of repeat VIPs in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the VIP episodes carried out at the request of the women themselves in Spain during 2018. The factors related to repeat VIPs are described according to the origin of the women, estimating the crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR). Results: The highest rates of VIP occurred in women aged 20 to 24 years. The probability of a second VIP, both in Spanish women and those of foreign origin, increased with age, with the size of the population (> 50,000 inhabitants), and with dependent children. Conclusions: According to the data from our study, knowing the factors related to the recurrence of voluntary interruptions of pregnancy allows us to draw up more effective and specific strategies for promoting safe and accessible sexual and reproductive health

Missing girls among deliveries from Indian and Chinese mothers in Spain 2007-2015

Deliveries from Indian and Chinese mothers present a higher than expected male:female ratio in their own countries, in northern Europe, EEUU and Canada. No studies have been carried out in southern European countries. We explored whether the high male-to-female ratio common in Indian and Chinese communities, also exists among families from those regions who live in Spain. For that purpose we designed a cross-sectional population-based study containing data on 3,133,908 singleton live births registered in the Spanish Vital Statistics Registry during the period 2007-2015. The ratio of male:female births by area of origin was calculated using binary intercept-only logistic regression models without reference category for the whole sample of births and taking into account a possible effect modification of birth order and sex of the previous males. Interaction effects of sociodemographic mothers' and fathers' characteristics was also assesed. In Spain, the ratio male:female is higher than expected for Indian-born mothers, especially for deliveries from mothers with no previous male births and, to a lesser extent, for Chinese-born women, specifically for third or higher order births and slightly influenced by the sex of the previous births. Therefore, the increased sex male:female ratio observed in other countries among Indian and Chinese mothers is also observed in Spain. This reinforces the notion that culture and values of the country of origin are more influential than the country of residence.This study was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant PI13-0258.S

Interpersonal violence in Spain through national hospital discharge survey.

[ES] Describir la epidemiología de la violencia interpersonal en España. Estudio descriptivo de los casos de pacientes con diagnóstico secundario de agresión registrados en el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos de altas hospitalarias, entre 1999 y 2011, utilizando los códigos E960 a E969 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-9). Se describe la distribución por sexo, edad y tipo de alta y de atención requerida, morbilidad asociada, mortalidad y comunidad autónoma. Se estudia la calidad del registro en función de su variación temporal. El perfil de agresión en hombres (85%) es el de un paciente de entre 15 y 44 años, que en un 93,7% de los casos precisa atención urgente y cuya gravedad es moderada (95% alta a domicilio). El 2,5% de los pacientes reingresa, y se produce la muerte en el 1,1% de las ocasiones. El perfil en las mujeres (15%) difiere ligeramente: edad comprendida entre 31 y 52 años, el 94% requiere atención urgente (si bien el 96% tiene una gravedad moderada), el 3% reingresa y en el 1,7% de las ocasiones la paciente muere. Aunque necesitan ser mejorados para evitar ciertas limitaciones, los sistemas de información sanitaria constituyen una riquísima fuente de datos que pueden ser utilizados para la investigación en salud y, a través de sus resultados, para el desarrollo de planes de prevención e intervención sociosanitaria en temas de violencia. [EN] To describe the epidemiology of interpersonal violence in Spain. Descriptive study of the cases of patients with secondary diagnosis of aggression registered on a national hospital discharge database, between 1999 and 2011, using the codes from E960 to E969 of the ICD-9. The distribution by sex, age and type of discharge, associated morbidity, mortality and by autonomous community is described. The quality of the record is studied according to its temporal variation. The case profile of aggression in men (85%) is of a patient between 15 and 44 years old, who in 93.7% of cases requires urgent care and whose severity is moderate (95% discharge home). Two point five percent of patients are readmitted and death occurs in1.1%. The profile in women (15%) differs slightly, with an age between 31 and 52 years, 94% require urgent attention, although 96% have moderate severity; 3% are readmitted and 1.7% die. Although they need to be improved to avoid certain limitations, health information systems are a rich source of data that can be used for research in health and, through their results, for the development of prevention plans and intervention in matters of violence.S

Vision Sidéreo system.

Este proyecto tiene la finalidad de generar energía limpia mediante el sol, lo innovador de este proyecto es que el panel no estará estático, sino que el panel solar girara conforme gire el sol, esto para aprovechar a un 100% la energía solar y no solo a medias como sucede con los paneles tradicionales. Dicho giro se realizara mediante la hora del día la cual será la encargada de buscar el ángulo en que está posicionado el sol con la tierra y estas mandaran la información al Arduino que a su vez se la mandara al servomotor (previamente programado) el cual está encargado de realizar los giros por ángulos. Ya encontrado el ángulo del sol y que el panel este en posición este empezara a generar la energía la cual entra a un controlador de carga el cual mantendrá la energía en 12V DC, la cual ira a un acumulador, que en este caso será una batería de carro, que está conectado a un inversor de voltaje para que la salida nos la arroje a 110V AC y se pueda utilizar en casa sin ningún problema

Hate violence in the emergency rooms of third level hospitals. First data in Spain

To describe the cases of hate violence attended in emergency services. A cross-sectional study of a series of cases of aggression treated in the emergency rooms of two hospitals in Madrid, between April 2015 and March 2018. The cases of hate violence are described in terms of their sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological and incident data and compared with other types of violence within the study. A total of 147 patients were included and 49% reported having been victims of hate violence. Among the victims, 61% were men, the average age was 36 years and 48% had a medium-high level of education. The most frequent motivations were physical appearance, nationality and ethnic origin. The place of aggression was the street in 50%, and in 61% of the cases it was perpetrated by more than one person (83% by men). The most common injury was contusion (71%) and the most frequent location the head and neck (71%). Only 8% required admission. The surveillance of hate violence would foster more accurate knowledge of the real magnitude and characteristics of this health problem and improve the quality of care for victims.Este estudio ha sido financiado por la Acción Estratégica en Salud (PI13/02267) y cofinanciado con fondos FEDER.S

Preparation of a questionnaire to detect cases of hate violence in emergency rooms.

In the context of the SIVIVO project, the development of a tool to facilitate the detection, recording and description of cases of hate violence and its consequences on health was proposed. A two-round Delphi method was used with experts from clinical-care, public health, epidemiological, academic, administration and non-governmental organizations to assess the relevance of different items using a Likert scale, presenting the results with medians and coefficients of variation. The best evaluated questions, with scores equal to or greater than 4, and which make up the final version of the questionnaire are the relative socio-demographic characteristics of the victim, the injuries, description of the incident, the motivations perceived by the aggrieved person, possible evidence of hatred, the intention to denounce and the perception of the health personnel of the motive for the aggression. The piloting showed the adequacy of the questions that were finally selected. The systematic incorporation of this tool can help us to learn the magnitude and characteristics of hate violence and its impact on health. This information would allow the elaboration of prevention and intervention strategies aimed, specifically, at the sectors of the population most exposed to this type of violence.Acción Estratégica en Salud 2013: PI13/02267. Cofinanciado con fondos FEDER.S

Coordination for an affective and sexual diversity approach to monkeypox

En mayo de 2022 se detectaron las primeras cadenas de transmisión de la viruela del mono fuera de los países endémicos. Este brote presenta características clínicas y epidemiológicas diferentes de las observadas en los brotes anteriores, con un mayor impacto en el grupo de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres. El abordaje de brotes epidémicos que conlleva intervenciones sobre comunidades o poblaciones en riesgo de estigmatización resulta un desafío. La independencia y la capacidad profesional de las sociedades científicas permiten adoptar iniciativas para dar respuestas rápidas a este tipo de desafíos. Mediante el trabajo colaborativo y la iniciativa profesional se elaboró un documento orientado a evitar la estigmatización a la vez que se promovían la prevención y el control de la enfermedad. Para su divulgación se emplearon distintos canales y se contó con los agentes de interés. El trabajo en equipo, dentro de las estructuras de participación de una sociedad científica, permite impulsar acciones rápidas basadas en recomendaciones técnicas.In May 2022, the first monkeypox transmission chains were detected outside endemic countries. This outbreak presents clinical and epidemiological characteristics different from those observed in previous outbreaks, with a greater impact among the group of men who have sex with other men. The approach of epidemic outbreaks that requires interventions on communities or populations at risk of stigmatization is a major public health challenge. The independence and professional capacity of scientific societies allow to be take initiatives to provide rapid responses to this type of challenges. Through collaborative work and professional initiative, a document was issued aimed at avoiding stigmatization while promoting the prevention and control measures. For its dissemination, different channels were used counting with key partners. Teamwork, within the participation structures of a scientific society, allows to promote rapid public health actions based on technical recommendations

Methodology and fieldwork logistics of a multilevel research study on the influence of neigbourdhood's characteristics on natives and Ecuadorian's mental health in Spain

The methodological design, characteristics and fieldwork stage of a multilevel research study on the impact of the environmental characteristics on mental health in an autochthonous and immigrant population are described in this paper. Individual data were obtained using a core questionnaire 40 minutes length from home interviews of Spanish and Ecuadorian adults from September 2006 to January 2007. A random sample of 1186 people aged 18-55, with equal distribution of gender and nationality was obtained from Civil Registers of 33 areas (municipalities or neighbourhoods) of Madrid, Alicante, Almeria and Murcia, chosen by ethnic density and socioeconomic criteria. Previously, a pilot study was carried out. Socioeconomic indicators of neighbourhoods and selected communities were obtained from Municipal Registers and other secondary sources. Finally, 1144 people were interviewed (96%). Each person was contacted at home at two different times. The global response rate was 61%, higher among Ecuadorians (69%), who presented more problems of localisation (34%). Analyzing methods and fieldwork process the conclusion is that sample strategies for this type of population studies should be evaluated using feasibility criteria given time and money constraints, against the need to obtain representative samples of the target populations. There were serious shortcomings in the availability of social integration indicators at the neighbourhood level. Se realizó una investigación multinivel sobre el impacto de las características ambientales de la zona de residencia en la salud mental de población autóctona e inmigrante. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el planteamiento metodológico de la investigación, el trabajo de campo, las tasas de respuesta correspondientes y discutir el diseño metodológico y las dificultades derivadas de su puesta en práctica. Los datos individuales se obtuvieron aplicando un cuestionario estructurado de aproximadamente 40 minutos, mediante entrevista domiciliaria a personas españolas y ecuatorianas de 18 a 55 años. El trabajo se realizó de septiembre de 2006 a enero de 2007 en una muestra estimada de 1.186 personas equiparada por sexo y nacionalidad, obtenida aleatoriamente de los Padrones Municipales de 33 áreas (municipios o barrios) de Madrid, Alicante, Almería y Murcia, seleccionadas según criterios de densidad étnica y socioeconómicos. Previamente se realizó un estudio piloto (n=113) Los indicadores sociodemográficos de las áreas se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes secundarias. Se entrevistó a 1.144 personas (96%). La tasa de respuesta global fue del 61%, superior entre ecuatorianos (69%), colectivo que presentó más problemas de localización (34%). Las negativas a colaborar fueron más altas entre españoles (21%). Se concluye que en este tipo de estudios sería conveniente revisar las estrategias de muestreo para combinar criterios de eficiencia con la necesidad de obtener una muestra representativa de la población diana. Se constata la dificultad de obtener datos inframunicipales de integración social

Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact

[EN]To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up. Methods Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact. Results We observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (−13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (−5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (−2.7 vs. -1.8 m2). Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL