Immigrant Status and Ethnic Inequities in Dental Caries in Children: Bilbao, Spain

This study examined the migratory status/ethnic inequities in dental caries in school children aged 4–9 years (n = 1388) and the impact of the Children’s Oral Health Program in the Municipality of Bilbao in the Basque Country Region, Spain. Using the 2017 Children’s Oral Health Survey, log binomial regression was used to quantify the association of parental immigration status/ethnicity with tooth decay for (1) the primary and the permanent dentitions, separately, in children 4–9 years old; and (2) for the permanent dentition in children aged 7–9 years. Compared with Spanish children, Spanish Roma and immigrant children had a higher probability of tooth decay in primary and permanent teeth after adjustment. Similarly, Spanish Roma and immigrant children had a higher probability of caries experience in primary and permanent teeth. In children aged 7–9 years, Spanish Roma children had a greater probability of tooth decay and caries experience (DMFT index ≥ 1; PR: 6.20; 95% CI: 3.18, 12.12; and PR: 4.52; 95% CI: 2.46, 8.32; respectively) compared with Spanish Children. These associations were not observed in immigrant children. This study shows that parental immigration status and/or ethnicity affect caries outcomes in immigrant and Roma children in both primary and permanent dentition.This work was supported by the Bilbao City Council. Ref. 2015-061533

Exploring sonority embedded in cultural heritage: Path, transit and listen through the Silver Route (Way of St James, NW Spain)

Environmental sonority, related to viewing, listening and walking along a path, has only seldom been contemplated in the first European Cultural Route, the Way of St James (Camino de Santiago). The research, focused on a section of the Silver Route (Vía de la Plata) variant (Galicia, north-west Iberian Peninsula), defines several sound environments configured by the sound sources, acoustic properties and the culture of the territory. Integrating the environmental sonority in a musical piece facilitates the promotion of knowledge and awareness of the sound heritage, together with an implied appreciation for it. The audible spectrum, provided with emotional and evocative power, has an important role in defining cultural heritage from the present to the future. Furthermore, it is particularly relevant in confinement situations as the one experienced in Europe in the year 2020

The role of birthplace and educational attainment on induced abortion inequalities

Background: Induced abortion (IA) has shown social inequality related to birthplace and education with higher rates of IAs in immigrant and in less educated women relative to their native and highly educated counterparts. This study examined the independent and joint effects of birthplace and education on IA, repeated and IA performed during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy among women residing in the Basque Country, Spain. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study of IA among women aged 25-49 years residing in the Basque Country, Spain, between 2011 and 2013. Log-binomial regression was used to quantify the independent and joint effects of birthplace and education attainment on all outcomes. Results: Immigrant women exhibited higher probability of having an IAs (PR: 5.31), a repeated (PR: 7.23) or a 2nd trimester IAs (PR: 4.07) than women born in Spain. We observed higher probabilities for all outcomes among women with a primary or less education relative to those with a graduate education (All IAs PR: 2.51; repeated PR: 6.00; 2nd trimester PR: 3.08). However, no significant heterogeneity was observed for the effect of education on the association of birthplace with IAs, repeated or 2nd trimester IAs. Conclusions: Birthplace and education are key factors to explain not only an IA decision but also having a repeated or a 2nd trimester IA. However, the effects of birthplace and education may be independent from each other on these outcomes. A better understanding of these factors on IAs is needed when designing programs for sexual and reproductive health aimed to reduce inequalities among women.This work was supported by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU [project EHU14/55] and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain [project CSO22013-44886-R]

A dimensão do som na bacia superior do rio Minho (Galicia, NW península Ibérica): caracterização como património hídrico

The sound spectrum of water configures representative marks of various environments, which define a sound heritage with scientific, cultural, emotional, sensorial and educational value. From this perspective, river environments comprise a wide spectrum of sonic resonances. This study, contextualized within the field of geo-sonority research, considers the recording and analysis of water through several samples from the upper basin of the Miño River. The objectives are to advocate for the role of sonority as part of the intangible heritage, to explore its character in the fluvial environment of inland Galicia, and to contribute to the preservation of the sonic marks of water as sounds inherent to the identity of an area. The methodology applied consists of phases of field recording, the creation of databases and of phonic analysis. Water in its sound form, from the drop rhythmically repeating to the roar of a waterfall, fills an audible sound spectrum that characterizes soundscapes. By registering, documenting, and analyzing the sounds of the water, we advance in the knowledge of the diversity of the sound environments in the river basin of the Miño River.El espectro audible del agua configura marcas representativas de diversos ambientes, que definen un patrimonio sonoro con valor científico, cultural, emocional, sensorial y educativo. Desde esta perspectiva, los ambientes fluviales comprenden un amplio espectro de resonancias sonoras. El presente estudio, contextualizado en el ámbito de la investigación sobre la geosonoridad, considera el registro y el análisis de la sonoridad del agua a través de varias muestras en la cuenca alta del río Miño. Atiende a los objetivos de reivindicar el papel del componente sonoro como parte del patrimonio inmaterial, explorar sus caracteres en los ambientes fluviales de la Galicia interior, y contribuir a preservar las marcas sonoras del agua como sonidos propios que forman parte de la identidad de un territorio. La metodología aplicada comprende fases de registros de campo, creación de base de datos y análisis fonográfico. El agua en su forma sonora, desde la gota repetida rítmicamente hasta el estruendo de una cascada, cubre un espectro audible que caracteriza los paisajes sonoros. Al registrar, documentar, y analizar los sonidos del agua se avanza en el conocimiento de la diversidad que poseen los ambientes sonoros en la cuenca fluvial del río Miño.O espectro audível da água configura marcas representativas de vários ambientes, que definem um património sonoro com valor científico, cultural, emocional, sensorial e educativo. Dessa perspectiva, os ambientes fluviais abrangem um amplo espectro de ressonâncias sonoras. O presente estudo, contextualizado no campo da investigação sobre a sonoridade, considera o registo e análise da sonoridade da água através de várias amostras na bacia superior do rio Minho. Atende aos objetivos de reivindicar o papel da componente sonora como patrimônio imaterial, explorando seus caracteres nos ambientes fluviais do interior da Galiza, e ajudando a preservar as marcas sonoras da água como seus próprios sons que fazem parte da identidade de um território. A metodologia aplicada inclui fases de registros de campo, criação de banco de dados e análise fonográfica. A água em sua forma sonora, desde a queda ritmicamente repetida até o rugido de uma cachoeira, cobre um espectro audível que caracteriza as paisagens sonoras. Ao registrar, documentar e analisar os sons da água, avançamos no conhecimento da diversidade dos ambientes sonoros da bacia do rio Minho

Situación laboral de los graduados de la cohorte 2014-2018 de la carrera de turismo sostenible del Recinto Universitario Rubén Darío, UNAN-Managua, periodo 2019-2020

El turismo a nivel mundial ha experimentado un rápido desarrollo, este se ha convertido en unas de las principales actividades económicas generadoras de divisas y empleos en la gran mayoría de países, según el índice de competitividad de viajes y turismo del Foro Económico Mundial en el 2017, la industria turística movió US$7.600 millones en el mundo y creó 292 millones de puesto de trabajo en el 2016, en la actualidad es considerada como el primer sector económico a nivel mundial que experimentará un mayor incremento, en cuanto a inversión de capital y generación de trabajo (Travel2LATAM, 2016). El turismo representa 1 de cada 10 empleos a nivel global, la importancia del sector se torna crucial para el futuro de las economías, en el caso de Latinoamérica en los años 2013 y 2015, el número de llegadas internacionales aumentó de 170 a 201 millones de turistas; de estos 90 millones llegaron a América y el Caribe; así mismo, de las 136 economías que representan el 98% del Producto Interno Bruto Mundial (PIB Mundial),18 pertenecen a América Latina, siendo México el país más visitado y con más 32 millones de visitas anuales, según el Informe del Foro Económico Mundial de México, este se mantiene como el destino turístico favorito del continente (Mundo, 2017). En Nicaragua el turismo se ha convertido en un nuevo rubro económico. Según, El Boletín de Estadísticas de Turismo de INTUR (2017), este sector contribuyó con el 33% de los ingresos en divisas generadas por los principales productos de exportación a nivel nacional, ocupando de esta manera el primer lugar en los años 2015, 2016, y 2017, diversificando la economía nacional (INTUR, 2017). La comercialización de los destinos ha permitido que cada año el turismo incremente, sin embargo, según datos del Banco Central de Nicaragua (BCN), estima que el sector sufrió una pérdida en divisas de 231 millones de dólares, debido a la situación actual del país, la nueva proyección para el 2019, en cuanto a ingresos generados por el turismo era de 693 millones de dólares, por el contrario en el 201

Pluronic®/casein micelles for ophthalmic delivery of resveratrol: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo tests

Received 10 July 2022; Received in revised form 3 October 2022; Accepted 7 October 2022Ocular health may strongly benefit from the supply of antioxidant agents that counteract free radicals and reactive oxygen species responsible for long-term eye diseases. Additionally, natural antioxidants like resveratrol can inhibit bacteria growth and restore natural microbiota. However, their use is hindered by limited solubility, fast degradation, and low ocular permeability. This work aimed to overcome these limitations by preparing single and mixed micelles of Pluronic® F127 and casein that serve as resveratrol nanocarriers. Single and mixed (0.1 % casein) micelles (0.0 to −17.0 mV; 2.4 to 32.7 nm) increased 50-fold resveratrol solubility, remained stable for one month at 4 °C, withstood fast dilution, underwent sol-to-gel transitions in the 23.9–27.1 °C range, and exhibited potent antioxidant properties. All formulations successfully passed the HET-CAM assay but showed Pluronic®-casein dose-dependent toxicity in the zebrafish embryo model. Resveratrol-loaded single and mixed micelles (10–15 mM Pluronic® F127) displayed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The micelles favored resveratrol accumulation in cornea and sclera, but mixed micelles showed larger lag times and provided lower amount of resveratrol permeated through sclera. In vivo (rabbit) tests confirmed the safety of resveratrol-loaded single micelles and their capability to supply resveratrol to anterior and posterior eye segments.Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEFondos FEDER - European Union’s Horizon 2020Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España - MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033Xunta de Galicia (España)pu

Hospital Virtual: Sistema de información clínica y telecuidado de pacientes VIH/SIDA basado en tecnologías Web 2.0

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de información clínica y telecuidado de pacientes VIH/SIDA que se encuentra implantado en rutina clínica dentro del Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. El proyecto surge ante la necesidad de unificar el sistema de información departamental del servicio y un sistema de telemedicina instalado en el hospital en 2004. Para ello se han diseñado e implementado nuevas bases de datos y dos sistemas específicos para uso de profesionales y pacientes. Además, se ha realizado una integración con el Sistema de Información del Hospital (HIS) permitiendo el acceso a todos los datos requeridos de los pacientes desde una única aplicación. Este nuevo sistema está al servicio de más de 70 profesionales sanitarios que realizan una media de 150 consultas al día disponiendo de información clínica de más de 8000 pacientes

Variation in Colonoscopy Performance Measures According to Procedure Indication

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Most fulfillment and benchmarking information for colonoscopy quality indicators has been obtained from studies of primary screening colonoscopies. We analyzed differences in the fulfillment of colonoscopy quality indicators based on the indication for endoscopy. METHODS: We performed an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study of 14,867 patients who underwent endoscopy procedures for gastrointestinal symptoms (40.3%), a positive result from a fecal immunochemical test (36.0%), postpolypectomy surveillance (15.3%), or primary screening (8.4%), from February 2016 through December 2017 at 14 centers in Spain. We evaluated rates of adequate colon cleansing, cecal intubation, adenoma detection, and colorectal cancer detection, among others. We used findings from primary screening colonoscopies as the reference standard. RESULTS: Fewer than 90% of patients had adequate bowel preparation; 83.1% of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had adequate bowel preparation (odds ratio [OR] compared with patients with primary screening colonoscopies, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49–0.78) and 85.3% of patients receiving postpolypectomy surveillance had adequate bowel preparation (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55–0.91). The cecal intubation rate was also lower in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (93.1%) (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22–0.52). The adenoma detection rate was higher in patients with a positive result from a fecal immunochemical test (46.4%) (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.71–2.35) and in patients undergoing postpolypectomy surveillance (48.2%) (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.20–1.67). The highest proportion of patients with colorectal cancer was in the gastrointestinal symptom group (5.1%) (OR, 5.24; 95% CI, 2.30–11.93) and the lowest was in patients undergoing surveillance (0.8%) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.32–2.14). CONCLUSIONS: Fulfillment of colonoscopy performance measures varies substantially by indication. Policies addressing performance measures beyond colonoscopy screening procedures should be developed. Benchmarking recommendations could be adjusted according to colonoscopy indication

Development of a Novel NGS Methodology for Ultrasensitive Circulating Tumor DNA Detection as a Tool for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women. While usually detected when localized, invasive procedures are still required for diagnosis. Herein, we developed a novel ultrasensitive pipeline to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in a series of 75 plasma samples from localized BC patients prior to any medical intervention. We first performed a tumor-informed analysis to correlate the mutations found in tumor tissue and plasma. Disregarding the tumor data next, we developed an approach to detect tumor mutations in plasma. We observed a mutation concordance between the tumor and plasma of 29.50% with a sensitivity down to 0.03% in mutant variant allele frequency (VAF). We detected mutations in 33.78% of the samples, identifying eight patients with plasma-only mutations. Altogether, we determined a specificity of 86.36% and a positive predictive value of 88.46% for BC detection. We demonstrated an association between higher ctDNA median VAF and higher tumor grade, multiple plasma mutations with a likelihood of relapse and more frequent TP53 plasma mutations in hormone receptor-negative tumors. Overall, we have developed a unique ultra-sensitive sequencing workflow with a technology not previously employed in early BC, paving the way for its application in BC screening.Comino-Mendez’s contract is funded by the Spanish Association Against Cancer Scientific Foundation (AECC). This study was supported by the “Consejería de Salud y Familias—Junta de Andalucía” (PI-0291-2019), “Fundación Unicaja” is funding Alba-Bernal’s contract and the Andalusia-Roche Network in Precision Medical Oncology Quirós-Ortega’s contract. Carbajosa-Antona’s contract is funded by the “Ayudas María Zambrano para la atracción de talento internacional—Universidad de Málaga”. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Vigilancia en red de los serotipos y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. Y Vibrio cholerae O1, 1997 - 1999

In 1997, a surveillance program to assess the main bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease was initiated by the Microbiology Group of the lnstituto Nacional de Salud in collaboration with the Public Health Laboratories (PHL) of the country and PAHO. The program objective was to identify the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp, and Vibrio cholerae 01 isolates. Twenty two PHL participated with a total of 976 isolates from 1997 to 1999; 96% were clinical isolates and 4% were food isolates. 34% were Salmonella spp., 23% Shigella spp., and 42% V. cholerae 01. From Salmonella isolates, 39% were serotype Enteritidis, 27% Typhimurium, 9% group El, 5% Typhi, and 20% other serotypes. Among Shigella isolates, 67% were S. flexneriZa, 30% S. sonnei, 2% S. dysenteriae and 1 % S. boydiiand 99% of the V. cholerae01 isolates were serotype 0gawa.The study on the antimicrobial resistance determined that 56% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant and 22% of them were multiresistant, with the pattern ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (SXT). 97% of Shigella isolates were resistant and 57% of them were multiresistant, with the pattern to tetracycline, ampicillin, SXT and chloramphenicol. The susceptibility of V. cholerae O1 isolates had not changed during the study period.This study ratifies the importance of surveillance on the epidemiology of these enteropathogens in Colombia. Based on this information it may be possible to treat these diseases and control the spread of antimicrobial bacterial resistance.En 1997, el Grupo de Microbiología del INS estableció un programa en red con los Laboratorios de Salud Pública (LSP) del país y el apoyo de la OPS, para la vigilancia de los principales patógenos causantes de enfermedad diarreica aguda. El objetivo fue conocer los serotipos y los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. y Vibrio cholerae O1. Los aislamientos fueron confirmados de acuerdo con los esquemas de identificación bioquímica y serológica estandarizados y la determinación de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se realizó por la técnica de difusión de disco (Kirby-Bauer). De 1997 a 1999, participaron 22 LSP con el envio de 976 aislamientos, 96% de origen clínico y 4% de alimentos; 34% Salmonella spp., 23% Shigella spp. y 42% V. cholerae 01. La distribución por serotipo de Salmonella fue 39% S. Enteritidis, 27% S. Typhimurium, 9% grupo El, 5% S. Typhi y 20% otros serotipos; de los aislamientos de Shigella, 67% fueron S. grupo flexneriza, 30% S sonnei, 2% S. dysenteriae y 1% S. boydii. Para V. cholerae 01, 99% fue serotipo Ogawa. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana determinó que 56% de los aislamientos de Salmonella eran resistentes y 22% multirresistentes, con un patrón predominante de ampicilina, tetraciclina y trimetoprim-sulfa (SXT). De los aislamientos de Shigella, 97% fueron resistentes y 57% multirresistentes, con un patrón de ampicilina, tetraciclina, cloranfenicol y SXT. No se observaron cambios en la susceptibilidad de V. cholerae O1. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia de continuar con el programa de vigilancia, para conocer la epidemiologia de la EDA en Colombia, darle un tratamiento óptimo a estas infecciones y poder diseñar programas para disminuir la diseminación de bacterias resistentes