Frameworks of digital knowledges

En este artículo se muestra una recopilación de estándares, indicadores y recomendaciones elaboradas por organizaciones como OCDE, UNESCO, ISTE y ECDL sobre el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Esta información la presentamos mediante el análisis de contenidos de cada uno de los cuatro criterios a partir de tres enfoques: saberes informáticos, literacidad informacional y ciudadanía digital, ya que –según las organizaciones estudiadas–esto, acompañado del desarrollo de competencias de tipo transversal, aseguran un impacto positivo de las TIC en el contexto académico.This article describes a collection of standards, indicators and recommendations developed by organizations such as OECD, UNESCO, ISTE and ECDL about the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This information is presented by content analysis of each of the four criteria starting from three approaches: computer knowledge, informational literacy and digital citizenship, because -according to the organizations studied -this, accompanied by the development of transversal competences, ensure apositive impact of ICT in the academic context

Crecimiento de goldish, Carassius auratus, y lechuga, Lactuca sativa, en sistema acuapónico en condiciones de invernadero.

Se evaluó el crecimiento de Carassius auratus “goldfish” y Lactuca sativa “lechuga” en sistema acuapónico grow bed en 178 días. Para el cultivo se utilizó una cubeta de 420 L, dos camas de 1m2 con 20 cm de grava, dos bombas de 1200 L/h, un aireador de 4 L/min y dos sifones. Se empleó 70 ejemplares de C. auratus, alimentados tres veces al día con Truchina al 42%, con una tasa de alimentación del 5%; asimismo para los tres experimentos de L. sativa se emplearon densidades de 12, 15 y 18 lechugas/m2 respectivamente.  Quincenalmente se registraron datos de peso y longitud para los peces y de las lechugas. Se colectó información diaria de temperatura ambiente y del agua, semanalmente se midió el pH, nitritos, nitratos, amonio-amoniaco y dureza de carbonatos. Además la tasa de crecimiento absoluto y relativo (TCA y TCR) fue de 4,95 g y 6,54 cm en los goldfish y para las lechugas, los pesos en el primer experimento fue 62,09 y 63,34 g, el segundo experimento con 94,88 y 110,44 g y el tercer experimento fue 92,96 y 102,46 g. El crecimiento de los peces fue lento, esto posiblemente a la influencia de la temperatura ambiente y al pH; para L. sativa, el mayor crecimiento se obtuvo en la segunda cosecha. Sin embargo, con el análisis de varianza (ANAVA) no se encontró diferencias en el crecimiento en las camas de las lechugas. Palabras clave: Crecimiento, Carassius auratus, Lactuca sativa, sistema acuapónico

Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults

A.R.-L. was granted a fellowship from the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT). Grant No. 365902 and Registration No. 297325.Diet is a determinant for bodyweight and gut microbiota composition. Changes in dietary patterns are useful for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. We aim to evaluate diet behavior and its potential association with selected gut bacteria and body weight among Mexican young adults. Mexican college students aged between 18 and 25 (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) were recruited. Anthropometric variables were recorded. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants. The percentages of macronutrients, fiber, and energy were calculated, and fecal samples were analyzed by real-time-qPCR to quantify selected gut bacteria. All the participants showed an unbalanced dietary pattern. However, the consumption of fruits, non-fat cereals, and oils and fats without protein were higher in the normal-weight individuals. In the overweight/obese participants, fiber intake did not correlate with the microbial variables, while Kcal from protein and Clostridium leptum correlated positively with Lactobacillus. Similarly, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale correlated with Akkermansia muciniphila. In the normal-weight participants, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus correlated positively with Clostridium coccoides- Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium, respectively, and Bacteroidetes negatively with Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, a higher fiber intake had a positive impact on body weight and bacterial gut composition in this Mexican population of college students.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 365902 29732

Proyecto de Intervención en la Conducta Alimentaria del caso de un niño con TEA

La hora de la comida puede terminar siendo una fuente de ansiedad y miedo para los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista y de estrés para sus familias. Por ello, se propone una intervención conductual para un caso real de conducta alimentaria alterada en un niño con autismo. Partiendo de la literatura existente acerca de la intervención en estos casos, ésta se realizaría en el contexto natural del hogar y centra su actuación tanto en los padres como en el niño. Se esperan resultados satisfactorios puesto que la intervención ha sido adaptada al caso particular

Fostering cooperation through dynamic coalition formation and partner switching

In this article we tackle the problem of maximizing cooperation among self-interested agents in a resource exchange environment. Our main concern is the design of mechanisms for maximizing cooperation among self-interested agents in a way that their profits increase by exchanging or trading with resources. Although dynamic coalition formation and partner switching (rewiring) have been shown to promote the emergence and maintenance of cooperation for self-interested agents, no prior work in the literature has investigated whether merging both mechanisms exhibits positive synergies that lead to increase cooperation even further. Therefore, we introduce and analyze a novel dynamic coalition formation mechanism, that uses partner switching, to help self-interested agents to increase their profits in a resource exchange environment. Our experiments show the effectiveness of our mechanism at increasing the agents' profits, as well as the emergence of trading as the preferred behavior over different types of complex networks. © 2014 ACM.The first author thanks the grant Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU), reference AP2010-1742. J.Ll.A. and J.A.R-A are partially funded by projects EVE (TIN2009-14702-C02-01), AT (CSD2007-0022), COR (TIN2012-38876-C02-01), MECER (201250E053), and the Generalitat of Catalunya grant 2009-SGR-1434Peer Reviewe

Pandillas, violencia y dinámicas socioculturales en la Costa Rica urbana

El presente artículo expone parte de los resultados del estudio “Niñez y juventud en violencia armada organizada. Bajo el límpido azul de tu cielo: Desentrañando los conflictos de los jóvenes pandilleros en Costa Rica”, llevado a cabo durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2006 en las comunidades de La Carpio, en la Uruca, y Lomas del Río, en Pavas, en la provincia de San José. Dicho proceso fue facilitado por FESPAD a través de Defensa de Niñas y Niños Internacional (DNI). Así, se exponen como tópicos generales acercamientos de orden teórico al problema de la violencia juvenil y la respuesta cultural de las pandillas; seguidamente se hace una aproximación a la problemática de la juventud (y de las sociedades en general) en el ámbito centroamericano con la finalidad de contextualizar el problema de estudio. Finalmente, se concluye con un resumen de las características culturales y sociales de las pandillas.The present article exposes part of the results of research of the study “Childhood and youth in armed violence organized. Under your limpid blue sky: Unravelling the confl icts of the young gang members in Costa Rica”, carried out during the months of November and December of the 2006 in the communities of La Carpio in La Uruca and Lomas de Río in Pavas in the province of San José. This process was facilitated by FESPAD through Defensa de Niñas y Niños Internacional (DNI). In this space they are exposed, like general topics, approaches of theoretical order to the problem of the youthful violence and the cultural answer of the gangs, next is made an approach to the problematic of youth (and why not of the societies in general) at Central American level with the purpose of exemplify the study problem. As it closes becomes a summary of the cultural and social characteristics of the gangs.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Antropologí

Using reputation and adaptive coalitions to support collaboration in competitive environments

Internet-based scenarios, like co-working, e-freelancing, or crowdsourcing, usually need supporting collaboration among several actors that compete to service tasks. Moreover, the distribution of service requests, i.e., the arrival rate, varies over time, as well as the service workload required by each customer. In these scenarios, coalitions can be used to help agents to manage tasks they cannot tackle individually. In this paper we present a model to build and adapt coalitions with the goal of improving the quality and the quantity of tasks completed. The key contribution is a decision making mechanism that uses reputation and adaptation to allow agents in a competitive environment to autonomously enact and sustain coalitions, not only its composition, but also its number, i.e., how many coalitions are necessary. We provide empirical evidence showing that when agents employ our mechanism it is possible for them to maintain high levels of customer satisfaction. First, we show that coalitions keep a high percentage of tasks serviced on time despite a high percentage of unreliable workers. Second, coalitions and agents demonstrate that they successfully adapt to a varying distribution of customers' incoming tasks. This occurs because our decision making mechanism facilitates coalitions to disband when they become non-competitive, and individual agents detect opportunities to start new coalitions in scenarios with high task demand. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The first author thanks the grant Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU), reference AP2010-1742. Arcos and Rodriguez-Aguilar thank projects COR (TIN2012-38876-C02-01/02) and Generalitat of Catalunya (2014 SGR-118). Work supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (AtlantTIC)Peer Reviewe

Water Exercise and Quality of Life in Pregnancy: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Background: Physical exercise helps to maintain a healthy lifestyle and its practice is recommended for women during pregnancy as a means of limiting the negative effects on the body that may take place and to optimise well-being, mood and sleep patterns, as well as encouraging daily physical activity, enhancing the ability to work and preventing pregnancy-related complications. Aim: To analyse the quality of life in pregnancy for women who complete a programme of moderate physical activity in water, following a designed method that the woman can perform physical exercise safely during pregnancy called the SWEP (study of water exercise during pregnancy) method. Materials and methods: A randomised clinical trial was performed. One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women were randomly assigned either to an exercise class following the SWEP method (EG, n = 65) or to a control group (CG, n = 64). The trial began in week 20 of pregnancy (May 2016) and ended in week 37 (October 2016). Heath-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated with the SF36v2 health questionnaire at weeks 12 and 35 of pregnancy. Results: The HRQoL score decreased significantly between weeks 12 and 35 of gestation, except for the mental health component, which in the CG fell by -3.28 points and in the EG increased slightly (p > 0.05). Among the CG, the score for the mental health component at week 35 was <42, indicating a positive screening risk of depression (39.20 +/- 4.16). Conclusions: Physical activity programmes in water, such as SWEP, enhance the HRQoL of pregnant women

CD44-high neural crest stem-like cells are associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor survival in neuroblastoma tumours

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is a paediatric tumour originated from sympathoadrenal precursors and characterized by its heterogeneity and poor outcome in advanced stages. Intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has emerged as an important feature in neuroblastoma, with a potential major impact on tumour aggressiveness and response to therapy. CD44 is an adhesion protein involved in tumour progression, metastasis and stemness in different cancers; however, there has been controversies about the significance of CD44 expression in neuroblastoma and its relationship with tumour progression. METHODS: We have performed transcriptomic analysis on patient tumour samples studying the outcome of patients with high CD44 expression. Adhesion, invasion and proliferation assays were performed in sorted CD44high neuroblastoma cells. Tumoursphere cultures have been used to enrich in undifferentiated stem-like cells and to asses self-renewal and differentiation potential. We have finally performed in vivo tumorigenic assays on cell line-derived or Patient-derived xenografts. FINDINGS: We show that high CD44 expression is associated with low survival in high-grade human neuroblastoma, independently of MYCN amplification. CD44 is expressed in a cell population with neural crest stem-like features, and with the capacity to generate multipotent, undifferentiated tumourspheres in culture. These cells are more invasive and proliferative in vitro. CD44 positive cells obtained from tumours are more tumorigenic and metastatic, giving rise to aggressive neuroblastic tumours at high frequency upon transplantation. INTERPRETATION: We describe an unexpected intra-tumoural heterogeneity within cellular entities expressing CD44 in neuroblastoma, and propose that CD44 has a role in neural crest stem-like undifferentiated cells, which can contribute to tumorigenesis and malignancy in this type of cancer. FUNDING: Research supported by grants from the "Asociación Española contra el Cáncer" (AECC), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF program (SAF2016-80412-P), and the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant to RP).Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF program (SAF2016-80412-P