Comparative Study Between Experimental Data and Numerical Results of Turbulent Mixed Convection in a Ventilated Cavity

Experimental and numerical results of heat transfer by mixed convection in a ventilated cavity are presented. The results were obtained for a 1.0 m  1.0 m  1.0 m cavity. The inlet and outlet dimensions were of 0.08 m  0.08 m, and the air velocity at the inlet was set to 0.1 and 0.5 m/s. The left wall receives a uniform and constant heat flux whereas the right wall was maintained at a constant temperature. Experimental and numerical results of temperature profiles and heat transfer coefficients are presented and compared. The results showed that the variation of the Rayleigh number increases about 1% the percentage differences between experimental and numerical values, and the maximum percentage differences on heat transfer coefficients are 2.0% for Ra ¼ 2.7  10 8 and 3.0% for Ra ¼ 4.5  10 8

Nuclear deformation and the two neutrino double-\beta decay in ^{124,126}Xe,^{128,130}Te, ^{130,132}Ba and ^{150}Nd isotopes

The two neutrino double beta decay of $^{124,126}$Xe,$^{128,130}$Te, $^{130,132}$Ba and $^{150}$Nd isotopes is studied in the Projected Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (PHFB) model. Theoretical 2$\nu$ $\beta^{-}\beta ^{-}$ half-lives of $^{128,130}$Te, and $^{150}$Nd isotopes, and 2$\nu \beta^{+}\beta^{+}$, 2$\nu$ $\beta^{+}EC$ and 2$\nu$ $ECEC$ for $^{124,126}$Xe and $^{130,132}$Ba nuclei are presented. Calculated quadrupolar transition probabilities B(E2: $0^+\to 2^+$), static quadrupole moments and $g$ factors in the parent and daughter nuclei reproduce the experimental information, validating the reliability of the model wave functions. The anticorrelation between nuclear deformation and the nuclear transition matrix element $M_{2\nu}$ is confirmed.Comment: 19 page

The arylpiperazine derivatives N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)- 4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide and N-benzyl-4- (2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide exert a long-lasting inhibition of human serotonin 5-HT 7 receptor binding and cAMP signaling

Abstract We performed a detailed in vitro pharmacological characterization of two arylpiperazine derivatives, compound N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (LP-211) previously identified as a high-affinity brain penetrant ligand for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 7 (5-HT 7 ) receptors, and its analog N-benzyl-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (MEL-9). Both ligands exhibited competitive displacement of ]-SB-269970) radioligand binding and insurmountable antagonism of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT)-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing human 5-HT 7 receptors. They also inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in 5-HT 7 -expressing HEK293 cells but not in the parental cell line. The compounds elicited long-lasting (at least 24 h) concentration-dependent inhibition of radioligand binding at 5-HT 7 -binding sites in whole-cell radioligand binding assays, after pretreatment of the cells with the compounds and subsequent compound removal. In cAMP assays, pretreatment of cells with the compounds rendered 5-HT 7 receptors unresponsive to 5-CT and also rendered 5-HT 7 -expressing HEK293 cells unresponsive to forskolin. Compound 1-(2-biphenyl)piperazine (RA-7), a known active metabolite of LP-211 present in vivo, was able to partially inhibit 5-HT 7 radioligand binding in a long-lasting irreversible manner. Hence, LP-211 and MEL-9 were identified as high-affinity long-acting inhibitors of human 5-HT 7 receptor binding and function in cell lines. The detailed in vitro characterization of these two pharmacological tools targeting 5-HT 7 receptors may benefit the study of 5-HT 7 receptor function and it may lead to the development of novel selective pharmacological tools with defined functional properties at 5-HT 7 receptors. Abbreviations 5-CT, 5-carboxamidotryptamine; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin); ANOVA, analysis of variance; E max , maximal response; Fmr1, fragile X mental retardation 1; Fos, FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptors; HEK293, human embryonic kidney cells; HTRF, homogeneous timeresolved fluorescence; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; IC 50, irrev , potency of compounds inhibiting 5-HT 7 -stimulated cAMP signaling or whole-cell 5-HT

GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run

The second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-2, reported on 39 compact binary coalescences observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors between 1 April 2019 15:00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15:00 UTC. Here, we present GWTC-2.1, which reports on a deeper list of candidate events observed over the same period. We analyze the final version of the strain data over this period with improved calibration and better subtraction of excess noise, which has been publicly released. We employ three matched-filter search pipelines for candidate identification, and estimate the probability of astrophysical origin for each candidate event. While GWTC-2 used a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per year, we include in GWTC-2.1, 1201 candidates that pass a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per day. We calculate the source properties of a subset of 44 high-significance candidates that have a probability of astrophysical origin greater than 0.5. Of these candidates, 36 have been reported in GWTC-2. We also calculate updated source properties for all binary block hole events previously reported in GWTC-1. If the 8 additional high-significance candidates presented here are astrophysical, the mass range of events that are unambiguously identified as binary black holes (both objects \geq 3M_\odot) is increased compared to GWTC-2, with total masses from \sim 14M_\odot for GW190924_021846 to \sim 182M_\odot for GW190426_190642. Source properties calculated using our default prior suggest that the primary components of two new candidate events (GW190403_051519 and GW190426_190642) fall in the mass gap predicted by pair-instability supernova theory. We also expand the population of binaries with significantly asymmetric mass ratios reported in GWTC-2 by an additional two events (the mass ratio is less than 0.65 and 0.44 at 90% probability for GW190403_051519 and GW190917_114630 respectively), and find that 2 of the 8 new events have effective inspiral spins \chi_\mathrm{eff} > 0 (at 90\% credibility), while no binary is consistent with \chi_\mathrm{eff} \lt 0 at the same significance. We provide updated estimates for rates of binary black hole and binary neutron star coalescence in the local Universe

DISE˜NO DE UN ESQUEMA OBSERVADOR CONTROLADOR PARA LA ESTABILIZACI´ON DE SISTEMAS CON RETARDO Y CON DOS POLOS INESTABLES

En ingenier´ıa, la mayor´ıa de las reacciones de los sistemas a acciones externas no aparecen instant´aneamente. Este fen´omeno esta relacionado con la propagaci´on de energ´ıa o material, y los sistemas que presentan esta caracter´ıstica son llamados sistemas con retardo. Los retardos en el tiempo son ´utiles para modelar sistemas de ingenier´ıa, sistemas biol´ogicos, sistemas econ´omicos, etc., tambi´en son usados para aproximar sistemas de alto orden por sistemas de orden reducido con retardo. Los retardos representan un reto, ya que son frecuentemente fuente de oscilaciones, inestabilidad o mal desempe˜no. En los ´ultimos a˜nos, se han desarrollado diversos trabajos con la finalidad de analizar y dise˜nar estrategias de control para los sistemas con retardo. Esta tesis presenta una simple estrategia de control para estabilizar sistemas de segundo orden con dos polos inestables y con retardo. Adem´as, se enuncian las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para la existencia de este esquema estabilizante de control propuesto. M´as a´un, la estructura de control propuesta se utiliza para estabilizar diferentes tipos de sistemas con dos polos inestables, (sistemas de alto orden y sistemas con un cero estable). Finalmente se realiza un an´alisis de robustez para calcular el m´aximo l´ımite de incertidumbre en el t´ermino del retardo. Se elaboran simulaciones num´ericas para ilustrar el desempe˜no de la estrategia de control propuesta, demostrando una respuesta satisfactoria. De la misma forma, el estudio de robustez se realiza con la ayuda de simulaciones. La estrategia de control propuesta se implementa en una planta real construida con amplificadores operacionales, comprobando su desempe˜no ante variaciones param´etricas ocasionadas por el uso de dispositivos electr´onicos comerciale

Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds

Abstract The olive stone and seed are an important byproduct generated in the olive oil extraction and pitted table olive industries. As a lignocellulosic material, the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are the main components of olive stone as wells as protein, fat, phenols, free sugars and poliols composition. The main use of this biomass is as combustion to produce electric energy or heat. Other uses such as activated carbon, furfural production, plastic filled, abrasive and cosmetic or other potential uses such as biosorbent, animal feed or resin formation have been cited. In this article, an overview of the characterization and main uses of olive stone and seed are described for the first time. Also, this review discusses the potential use of this material based on each component. In this way, a new approach to the olive stone and seed by pretreating with a steam explosion followed by chemical fractionation is described

DESIGN OF A COVARIANCE MATRIX FITTER TO MEASURE THE ELECTRON ANTINEUTRINO OSCILLATION PARAMETERS USING NEUTRON HYDROGEN CAPTURE AT THE DAYA BAY EXPERIMENT

The Daya Bay experiment provided the first precision measurement of the third mixing angle of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix (✓13) using six detectors to determine the relative rates of correlated signals generated from gadolinium neutron capture and positron-electron annihilation gammas in the inverse beta decay process. An additional correlated hydrogen neutron capture signal is produced in the Daya Bay detectors. Its analysis has the potential of producing an independent measurement of the electron antineutrino oscillation parameters. In this thesis a fitter has been designed to measure ✓13 and the squared mass di↵erence (#m2 ee) using the shape information of the hydrogen neutron capture signal generated in the Daya Bay experiment detectors. The main challenges of the hydrogen capture signal are the high accidental background rates in the lower energy region, and hydrogen’s neutron capture cross-section being much lower than gadolinium’s. In order to have a significant signal, we had to use more aggressive selection cuts than those applied in the gadolinium neutron capture analysis, and the fiducial volume was expanded by including the gadolinium-free gamma catcher region. Both background and detector systematic uncertainties studies have been repeated for the new hydrogen signal conditions. The results of these studies have been used to produce the corresponding covariance matrices that account for the uncertainties in a covariance matrix fitter. The fitter is customizable, i.e., energy binning, antineutrino detector configuration, data periods to be fitted, reactor periods, detector response matrices and predictions can be configured using a graphical user interface, providing versatility for further research. The fitter performance has been tested in the two dimensional parameter space S ⇥ D, where S = !sin2(2✓13) 2 [0, 0.002, 0.004, ...0.2]} and D = {#m2 ee 2 [0.0015, 0.00152, 0.00154...0.0035]}, using nominal and statistically fluctuated antineutrino spectrum predictions.Ph.D. in Physics, December 201