Série Histórica da Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos (TB-MR) no Estado do Pará, Brasil, 2005- 2010.

A Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos (TB-MR) é um grande desafio a ser enfrentado, pelo seu difícil tratamento e controle como também pelo grande número de pessoas acometidas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução histórica da TB-MR no Estado do Pará nos anos de 2005 a 2014. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva de série histórica e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados selecionados foram todos os casos de TB-MR ocorridos entre os anos de 2005 a 2014 no Estado, fornecidos pela Secretaria do Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará (SESPA) e para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Microsoft Excel 2010®. OS resultados demonstraram que houve redução da porcentagem de altas por cura e no ano de 2006 o maior índice (92,6%) e em 2014 o menor (46,7%). No que se refere ao abandono do tratamento houve um aumento na evolução deste indicador. A falência apresentou a porcentagem mais alta em 2013 (8,8%), seguido do ano de 2014 (6,7%). Em relação aos óbitos, o pico se deu em 2008 (18,9%) seguido do ano de 2007 (13,6%). Em relação ao coeficiente de incidência da doença, observou-se que houve redução ao longo do período analisado. Com a realização da presente pesquisa, foi possível conhecer as características da evolução da TB-MR no Estado e também observamos que não houve melhoras nos índices da doença em nosso Estado. Neste contexto, vale ressalta a importância de políticas públicas de controle da doença mais eficazes e o incentivo às pesquisas voltadas para a epidemiologia da multirresistência em nosso Estado

Série Histórica da Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos (TB-MR) no Estado do Pará, Brasil, 2005- 2010

Background andObjectives: Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (MDR-TB) is a major challenge to be faced by their difficult treatment and control as well as the large number of affected people. This study aimed to evaluate the historical developmentof MDR-TB in thestate of Pará in 2005 to 2014. Methods: descriptive study, retrospective time series and a quantitative approach. The selected data wereall cases of MDR-TB occurred between the years 2005-2014 in the State, provided by the Secretary of State for Public Health of Pará (SESPA) and data analysis used the Microsoft Excel 2010® software. Results: There was a reduction in the percentage of high cure and in 2006 the highest rate (92.6%) and in 2014 the lowest (46.7%). With regard to the abandonment of the treatment there was an increase in the evolution of this indicator. The fail urehad the highest percentage in 2013 (8.8%), followed by the year of 2014 (6.7%). Regarding the deaths, the peak occurred in 2008 (18.9%) followed by 2007 (13.6%). Regarding the incidence rate of the disease, it was observed that there was a reduction over the analysis period. Conclusion: It was possible to know the evolution of the characteristics of MDR-TB in thestate and also noted that there were improvements in rates of disease in our state. In this context, it empha sizes the importance of public policies to control the disease more effective and the encouragement of research for the epidemiology of multidrug resistance in our state.A Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos (TB-MR) é um grande desafio a ser enfrentado, pelo seu difícil tratamento e controle como também pelo grande número de pessoas acometidas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução histórica da TB-MR no Estado do Pará nos anos de 2005 a 2014. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva de série histórica e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados selecionados foram todos os casos de TB-MR ocorridos entre os anos de 2005 a 2014 no Estado, fornecidos pela Secretaria do Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará (SESPA) e para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Microsoft Excel 2010®. OS resultados demonstraram que houve redução da porcentagem de altas por cura e no ano de 2006 o maior índice (92,6%) e em 2014 o menor (46,7%). No que se refere ao abandono do tratamento houve um aumento na evolução deste indicador. A falência apresentou a porcentagem mais alta em 2013 (8,8%), seguido do ano de 2014 (6,7%). Em relação aos óbitos, o pico se deu em 2008 (18,9%) seguido do ano de 2007 (13,6%). Em relação ao coeficiente de incidência da doença, observou-se que houve redução ao longo do período analisado. Com a realização da presente pesquisa, foi possível conhecer as características da evolução da TB-MR no Estado e também observamos que não houve melhoras nos índices da doença em nosso Estado. Neste contexto, vale ressalta a importância de políticas públicas de controle da doença mais eficazes e o incentivo às pesquisas voltadas para a epidemiologia da multirresistência em nosso Estado

A rare cecal subepithelial tumor in a Crohn´s Disease patient

Appendiceal tumors comprise a variety of histologic types, including appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, which can be grouped as premalignant lesions, tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and malignant lesions. The appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are characterized by mucinous epithelial proliferation with extracellular mucin and pushing tumor margins, commonly an incidental finding during operative exploration. We report the case of a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm presenting as a subepithelial lesion in Crohn´s Disease patient. The diagnosis was not straightforward, and only surgical resection allowed an accurate diagnosis. Although Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a risk factor for the development of colorectal neoplasms, the absolute risk for appendiceal tumors is uncertain. The frequency of progression to malignancy remains to be determined

Retrospective study of 289 odontogenic tumors in a Brazilian population

Background: Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are considered important among oral lesions because of their clinicopathological heterogeneity, and variable biological behavior. This paper aims to determine the frequency and distribution of OTs, over a period of 10 years, at a public university in Northeastern Brazil and compare this data with previous reports. Material and Methods: We reviewed all cases of OTs from oral pathology laboratory of University of Pernambuco (UPE), from 2004 to 2014. Diagnoses were re-evaluated and the tumors were classified according to the latest (2005) World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. In addition, we searched in the English-language literature retrospective studies on OTs that used the same classification. Results: Within the total of 6028 oral biopsies, 289 (4.79%) were OTs. Of these, 287 (99.3%) were benign and 2 (0.7%) were malignant. The overall incidence was 31.1/million. Mandible-maxilla ratio was 2.5:1 and mean age 35 years. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) (34.6%) was the most frequent lesion, followed by ameloblastoma (AMB) (32.9%) and odontoma (ODO) (11.4%). Conclusions: OTs are uncommon neoplasms with geographic variation. Our clinicopathological features are according to literature. In the present study, KCOT was the most frequent one, showing that the new classification of OTs altered the distribution of these lesions and possibly made KCOT the most common OT observed in diagnostic services worldwid

Milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows entering the dry period and genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to the bacteriophage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4

Brazil has the second-largest dairy cattle herd in the world, and bovine mastitis still can cause significant losses for dairy farmers. Despite this fact, little information is available about milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows, as well as the potential use of bacteriophages in the control of S. aureus. Here, we investigated milk bacterial composition of 28 Holstein Fresian cows (109 teats), selected in the dry-off period, using 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, a representative S. aureus strain (UFV2030RH1) was obtained at drying-off for isolation of a bacteriophage (vB_SauM-UFV_DC4, UFV_DC4) and bacterial genomic comparison purposes. Our outcomes revealed that Staphylococcus was the third most prevalent genus and positively correlated with subclinical mastitis events. As a major finding, genomic analyses showed the presence of adhesive matrix molecules that recognize microbial surface components (MSCRAMM) in UFV2030RH1 and might indicate great biofilm formation capability. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay showed that resistance to ampicillin was the highest among the antibiotic tested in S. aureus 3059 and UFV2030RH1, displaying values four and sixteen times greater than MIC resistance breakpoint, respectively. Together, our results suggest that Staphylococcus is highly prevalent in dairy cows at drying-off and the use of the phage UFV_DC4 as a biocontrol agent must be investigated in future studies

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING APPROACHES: CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES AND IMPACT ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT

O termo alimentação complementar refere-se à introdução dos primeiros alimentos sólidos na dieta da criança após os seis meses de idade. A introdução dos alimentos envolve as abordagens Tradicional, Responsiva, Desmame Conduzido por Bebê (BLW), Introdução aos Sólidos Conduzida por Bebê (BLISS) e Participativa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as principais características e diferenças das abordagens de alimentação complementar na literatura científica, e apresentar um infográfico de montagem de alimentos e suas diferentes texturas. Este estudo é uma revisão narrativa da literatura, desenvolvida a partir da busca de artigos no PubMed, periódicos CAPES e bases de dados eletrônicas Google Acadêmico. Os materiais científicos foram selecionados após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, especificando as referências dos pesquisadores e checando brevemente os textos. Após a análise, foi possível distinguir as principais características de cada abordagem de alimentação complementar e identificar o baixo volume científico para BLW e BLISS quanto aos benefícios e distinções entre as abordagens.  El término alimentación complementaria se refiere a la introducción de los primeros alimentos sólidos en la dieta del niño después de los seis meses de edad. La introducción de alimentos implica el destete tradicional, receptivo y dirigido por bebés (BLW), Introducción a los sólidos impulsados por bebés (BLISS) y enfoques participativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las principales características y diferencias de los enfoques de alimentación complementaria en la literatura científica, y presentar una infografía del ensamblaje de alimentos y sus diferentes texturas. Este estudio es una revisión narrativa de la literatura, desarrollada a partir de la búsqueda de artículos en pubMed, revistas CAPES y bases de datos electrónicas de Google Scholar. Los materiales científicos fueron seleccionados después de leer los títulos y resúmenes, especificando las referencias de los investigadores y revisando brevemente los textos. Después del análisis, fue posible distinguir las principales características de cada enfoque de alimentación complementaria e identificar el bajo volumen científico para BLW y BLISS con respecto a los beneficios y distinciones entre los enfoques.The term complementary feeding refers to including the first solid foods in the child’s diet after six months of age. The food introduction involves the Traditional, Responsive, Baby Led Weaning (BLW), Baby Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS) and Participatory approaches. This work aimed to identify the main characteristics and differences of complementary feeding approaches in the scientific literature, and to present an infographic of food assembly and its different textures. This study is a narrative literature review, developed from searching for articles in the PubMed, CAPES journals and Google Academic electronic databases. Scientific materials were selected after reading the titles and abstracts, specifying the researchers’ references and briefly checking the texts. After analysis, it was possible to distinguish the main characteristics about each complementary feeding approach, and identify the low scientific volume for BLW and BLISS regarding the benefits and distinctions between the approaches.

Impact of COVID‐19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture

Aim: To analyse the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture. Background: The relationship between work environments and patient safety has been internationally recognized. In 2020, the pandemic imposed enormous challenges, yet the impact on these variables remains unknown. Method: This is a quantitative observational study, conducted in a Portuguese hospital, with 403 registered nurses. A self-completion questionnaire was used. Results: The impact on the Structure and Outcome components of nursing professional practice environments was positive. Although the Process component remained favourable to quality of care, a negative trend was confirmed in almost all dimensions. The results regarding safety culture showed weaknesses; ‘teamwork within units’ was the only dimension that maintained a positive culture. Conclusion: Positive responses regarding patient safety were significantly associated with the quality of the nursing professional practice environment. The need to invest in all dimensions of safety culture emerges to promote positive professional environments. Implications for nursing management: Improving professional nursing practice environments can be achieved through managers’ investment in the participation and involvement of nurses in the policies and functioning of institutions, as well as promoting an open, fair and participatory safety culture that encourages reporting events and provides adequate support for professionals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Perception of Hospitalized Users About Humanized Nursing Care in a Municipal Hospital of Itaituba, Pará-Brazil.

Objective: to understand the perception of hospitalized users about humanized nursing care in a municipal hospital in Itaituba, Pará. Field study of exploratory and descriptive type of qualitative approach. Method and Procedures: The research was developed in a Municipal Hospital of Itaituba, Pará (HMI); 23 patients hospitalized in the medical and surgical clinic sector participated in the research. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview questionnaire made up of two parts: socioeconomic data from the survey participants and open questions on the perception of the hospitalized user about the humanized care received during hospitalization, which were collected using the saturation technique. The data analysis was performed using the Bardin technique. Results: 78% of the participants were female, 48% married, the prevailing age range was between 19 and 87 years old; 39% of the surveyed had incomplete primary education and 74% had income of up to one minimum wage. With the analysis of content three thematic categories emerged: "user perception of nursing care", "humanized care and its importance" and "evaluation and suggestions on nursing care". Conclusion: The great majority of participants of the survey showed to be satisfied with the care provided by nursing professionals, besides highlighting humanization as an important point for reestablishing health and highlighted the use of communication, attention and empathy for others as a factor of humanization

Genomic analysis and immune response in a murine mastitis model of vB_EcoM-UFV13, a potential biocontrol agent for use in dairy cows

Bovine mastitis remains the main cause of economic losses for dairy farmers. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is related to an acute mastitis and its treatment is still based on the use of antibiotics. In the era of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) present as an efficient treatment or prophylactic option. However, this makes it essential that its genetic structure, stability and interaction with the host immune system be thoroughly characterized. The present study analyzed a novel, broad host-range anti-mastitis agent, the T4virus vB-EcoM-UFV13 in genomic terms, and its activity against a MPEC strain in an experimental E. coli-induced mastitis mouse model. 4,975 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were assigned between vB-EcoM-UFV13 and E. coli phage T4 genomes with high impact on coding sequences (CDS) (37.60%) for virion proteins. Phylogenetic trees and genome analysis supported a recent infection mix between vB-EcoM-UFV13 and Shigella phage Shfl2. After a viral stability evaluation (e.g pH and temperature), intramammary administration (MOI 10) resulted in a 10-fold reduction in bacterial load. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-\u3b1, were observed after viral treatment. This work brings the whole characterization and immune response to vB-EcoM-UFV13, a biocontrol candidate for bovine mastitis