Validation of an interview for study the process of formation of elite judokas

Con el objetivo de analizar el proceso de formación deportiva de los judokas españoles de élite, se diseñó una entrevista semiestructurada de 52 preguntas agrupadas en 6 dimensiones (entorno social, entorno deportivo, psicológica, técnico-táctica, condición física y otros aspectos). Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo mediante la valoración de 10 expertos. Se analizó la validez de contenido a través del coeficiente V de Aiken, estableciendo un intervalo de confianza del 99 %, y el coeficiente de variación. Para conocer la fiabilidad se pasó la entrevista a judokas de alto nivel en dos momentos distintos y se analizó la consistencia interna por el método del Alfa de Cronbach (0,915) y la fiabilidad test-retest utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase resultando 0,843 (p<0,01). La entrevista reúne suficientes propiedades como para ser considerada una herramienta válida y fiable para estudiar y analizar el proceso de formación de los judokas de éliteIn order to analyze the process of sports training of the Spanish elite judokas , a semistructured interview of 52 questions grouped into 6 domains ( social, sporting environment , psychological , technical and tactical, physical condition and other aspects ) was designed. It was conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis with 10 experts´ valuation. The validity of content was analysed through the coefficient V Aiken , establishing a 99 % confidence interval, and so the coefficient of variation was analyzed. To know reliability the interview was given to senior judokas in two different moments , and internal consistency was analysed by the Cronbach's alpha method ( 0.915 ) and so test-retest reliability by using the intraclass correlation coefficient resulting 0.843 (p < 0.01 ) . The interview brings enough properties to be considered a valid and reliable tool to study and analyze the formation of elite judoka

Factors that influence the process of formation of the olympic judokas

Con el objetivo de analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de formación deportiva de los judokas españoles olímpicos, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada de 52 preguntas agrupadas en 6 dimensiones (Contexto Deportivo, Contexto Social, Proceso de Formación, Psicológica, Técnico-táctica, Condición Física). Los resultados muestran que los judokas olímpicos se iniciaron en la práctica del Judo a los 6,90 ± 3,02 años, concretamente las mujeres a los 6,80 ± 2,88 años y los hombres algo más tarde, a los 7 ± 3,42 años, el 95% (n=19) influenciados, fundamentalmente, por un familiar. Además, destaca que ninguno de los entrevistados consiguió medalla en categorías inferiores. Para el 75% (n=15) de los judokas olímpicos es muy importante llevar una sincronización del entrenamiento técnico-táctico, de la condición física y de los aspectos psicológicos de forma integradaWith the aim of analizing the factors that have an influence on the sports training process of the olympic Spanish judokas, a semistructured interview of 52 questions grouped in 6 aspects was carried out: Sports Context, Social Context, Training Process, Psychological Condition, Technical-Tactical Condition and Physical Conditon). The results show that olympic judokas began practising judo at the age of 6.90 ± 3.02 years. Specifically, women started at the age of 6.80 ± 2.88, and men slightly later, at the age of 7 ± 3.42 years. 95% (n=19) of them were mainly influenced by a relative. Moreover, it is to be highlighted that none of the interviewees won a medal in low categories. For 75% (n=15) of the olympic judokas, it is very important that technical-tactical training, physical condition training and psychological aspects be synchronised in an integrated wa

Differences of the game between the football Spanish team and its rivals.

El objeto de este estudio, analizando la acción de juego en fútbol, describe el uso de los contextos de interacción que la selección española de fútbol y sus rivales hicieron en los campeonatos internacionales. Para ello, 13 partidos fueron observados y codificados (seis de la Eurocopa 2008 y siete del Mundial 2010) gracias a un sistema taxonómico ad hoc previamente definido. Los datos fueron registrados usando un software específico. Después, coordenadas polares fueron desarrolladas usando sólo como conductas criterio los contextos de interacción. Los resultados obtenidos describen que España y sus oponentes no hicieron el mismo uso del espacio de juego en sus partidos (más ofensivo para los primeros), mostrando la dimensión diacrónica de los eventos y combinando las perspectivas prospectiva y retrospectiva. Esto nos permite saber el componente estratégico del uso de los contextos de interacción hechos por los equipos en la competición y optimizar programas de entrenamiento específicos.Este estudio es parte del proyecto titulado Avances Tecnológicos y Metodológicos en la Automatización de Estudios observacionales en deporte, financiado por Dirección General de Investigación de España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2008-01179) en el período 2008-2011. No existen conflictos de intereses para esta investigación

Study of the influence of the operational parameters on the photoelectro-Fenton performance of an industrial wastewater treatment prototype using Orange II as a model pollutant

AbstractA two-stage photoelectro-Fenton reactor was built and employed to test its ability to remove colour using Orange II as a model dye compound. A set of four critical operational variables was defined for the reactor under study. In order to quantify their significance on colour removal, a 24 experimental factorial design was used. From the resultant data, and from a variable interaction analysis, a model of the reactor's performance as well as a characteristic set of experimental conditions was obtained. From this information, a triple interaction among current density, resin concentration and pH was statistically significant. Hydraulic retention time was not important. The best treatment among those studied was obtained at pH 3, current density 23.9 mA cm−2, and 3.7 g L−1 of resin concentration, with 96% decolorization. The best results with decolorization higher than 86% were obtained at acidic or slightly acidic pH, and higher levels of current density and resin concentration, or lower level of current density and resin concentration

Analysis of the mechanical properties of wood attacked by Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae, and its influence on the structural properties of the plant

Xylotrechus arvicola is an invasive insect on Vitis vinifera in the main wine-producing regions of the Iberian Peninsula. X. arvicola larvae bore into the grapevine wood and make galleries, which cause structural damages to the plant. The aim of this study was to investigate how grapevine wood infested by larvae affects the mechanical properties of the plant in comparation with those of uninfested wood. Samples of grapevine wood uninfested and infested by larvae were collected from vineyards. Compression and flexural strengths as well as simulated structures of grapevine wood in field, in relation to harvest weight by variety, were used to quantify the wood mechanical properties. Infested wood endured a lower strength and normal tension, and exhibited a reduction in the structural capacities in the simulation of harvest weight of 'Cabernet-Sauvignon' variety (up to 62.0 %). 'Tempranillo' (despite its high mechanical slenderness values) and 'Cabernet-Sauvignon', were the varieties that showed a higher resistance on trunks and branches, respectively. A lower bending moment was observed on the infested branches of all varieties. Changes in the mechanical properties of infested wood suggest a decrease in mechanical resistance of wood attacked by larvae that could contribute to the rupture of the infested grapevine over time. Grapevine wood attacked by X. arvicola larvae could be more sensitive to mechanical external factors in vineyards such as strong winds, harvest weight and vibration exerted by harvesting machines

Seismic effects in archaeological sites: Archaeoseismological cataloguing and quantification

The analysis of the damage caused by seismic events in archaeological sites provides significant information about ancient and historic earthquakes that can improve seismic hazard analysis. In this paper a methodological analysis to quantify the deformation of structural damage recorded in archaeological sites is proposed. This methodology focuses on the establishment of the seismic/non-seismic origin of the observed damage and consists of three phases: (a) identification and inventory of damage; (b) quantification of deformation; and (c) incorporation of the results to seismic catalogues. The first phase is the inventory and mapping of the damage according with the classification of archaeological effects of earthquakes (EAEs). The second phase is to quantify the deformation of damage by setting different parameters such as the direction of maximum horizontal strain (ey). This analysis is performed at different levels: for each of the recorded EAEs, for all the records of a particular category of EAEs, and finally for the complete archaeological site including all the categories of EAEs. The homogeneity of the results (damage orientation) allows us to establish the seismic origin of deformations. This methodology has been developed in the Roman site of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, Spain) and has been applied to different historical earthquakes in the Iberian Peninsula. To calibrate the method, analyses on oriented damage were carried out immediately after the recent instrumental earthquakes of Lorca 2011 (5.1 Mw, Spain) and Emilia Romagna 2012 (5.9 Mw; Italy).The analysis of the damage caused by seismic events in archaeological sites provides significant information about ancient and historic earthquakes that can improve seismic hazard analysis. In this paper a methodological analysis to quantify the deformation of structural damage recorded in archaeological sites is proposed. This methodology focuses on the establishment of the seismic / non-seismic origin of the observed damage and consists of three phases: (a) identification and inventory of damage; (b) quantification of deformation; and (c) incorporation of the results to seismic catalogues. The first phase is the inventory and mapping of the damage according with the classification of archaeological effects of earthquakes (EAEs). The second phase is to quantify the deformation of damage by setting different parameters such as the direction of maximum horizontal strain (ey). This analysis is performed at different levels: for each of the recorded EAEs, for all the records of a particular category of EAEs, and finally for the complete archaeological site including all the categories of EAEs. The homogeneity of the results (damage orientation) allows us to establish the seismic origin of deformations. This methodology has been developed in the Roman site of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, Spain) and has been applied to different historical earthquakes in the Iberian Peninsula. To calibrate the method, analyses on oriented damage were carried out immediately after the recent instrumental earthquakes of Lorca 2011 (5.1 Mw, Spain) and Emilia Romagna 2012 (5.9 Mw; Italy).Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos CGL2015-67169-P (QTECTSPAIN, USAL) y CATESI-07 (IGME). Es una contribución al INQUA TERPRO Project 1299 y a los grupos de trabajo QTECT-AEQUA y GQMAEQU