Effect of a bonding resin layer associated with a self-etching adhesive system on the bond strength of indirect restorations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a low-viscosity bonding resin applied over a self-etching adhesive system on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of indirect restorations. Comparisons were made using One Up Bond F (OB) self-etching adhesive system, Single Bond (SB) one-bottle adhesive system and Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus (SMP) bonding component. Thirty bovine incisors were extracted and decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The labial surfaces were ground so that superficial dentin and deep dentin were exposed. The specimens were randomized to three groups (n=10): G1- OB; G2- OB + SMP; G3- SB. In G2, a layer of the SMP bonding was applied over the OB adhesive system. Indirect composite restorations were bonded using dual-cure cement under 500 g load for 5 min. The specimens were serially sectioned with a bonding area of ± 1.0 mm² in 3 regions: enamel (E), superficial dentin (SD) and deep dentin (DD). The sticks were fixed with cyanoacrylate adhesive and submitted to µTBS test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a mechanical testing machine (EMIC DL 2000). The fractured specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy to determine the failure mode. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (

Identification of platelet refractoriness in oncohematologic patients

OBJECTIVES: To identify the occurrence and the causes of platelet refractoriness in oncohematologic patients. INTRODUCTION: Platelet refractoriness (unsatisfactory post-transfusion platelet increment) is a severe problem that impairs the treatment of oncohematologic patients and is not routinely investigated in most Brazilian services. METHODS: Forty-four episodes of platelet concentrate transfusion were evaluated in 16 patients according to the following parameters: corrected count increment, clinical conditions and detection of anti-platelet antibodies by the platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and panel reactive antibodies against human leukocyte antigen class I (PRA-HLA). RESULTS: Of the 16 patients evaluated (median age: 53 years), nine (56%) were women, seven of them with a history of pregnancy. An unsatisfactory increment was observed in 43% of the transfusion events, being more frequent in transfusions of random platelet concentrates (54%). Platelet refractoriness was confirmed in three patients (19%), who presented immunologic and non-immunologic causes. Alloantibodies were identified in eight patients (50%) by the PIFT and in three (19%) by the PRA-HLA. Among alloimmunized patients, nine (64%) had a history of transfusion, and three as a result of pregnancy (43%). Of the former, two were refractory (29%). No significant differences were observed, probably as a result of the small sample size. CONCLUSION: The high rate of unsatisfactory platelet increment, refractoriness and alloimmunization observed support the need to set up protocols for the investigation of this complication in all chronically transfused patients, a fundamental requirement for the guarantee of adequate management

Infection by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in Rio Grande do Norte State

Estudaram-se a ocorrência e os fatores predisponentes à artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) no Rio Grande do Norte. O questionário epidemiológico aplicado a 42 proprietários de 11 municípios produtores de leite avaliou o grau de instrução escolar do proprietário, a origem dos animais, o tipo de criação, as enfermidades mais freqüentes e o manejo sanitário, em geral, bem como as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Prevalência de 11% de infecção pelo CAEV foi observada nos rebanhos, com animais soropositivos em todos os municípios pesquisados. As condições de criação mostraram que há fatores que predispõem à introdução ou disseminação da doença na região estudada. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) infection in dairy goat herds from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, was estimated, and the predisposing factors to the infection were identified. An epidemiologic survey was held to collect information on educational level of the owner and origin of the animals, and on sanitation and vaccination practices, diseases, morbidity and mortality rates in the herds. The prevalence of CAE virus infection was 11%, and CAE was always observed in some goats in all studied municipalities

Analysis of direct and indirect methods for somatic cell counts in the milk of healthy goats

A particularidade da secreção láctea caprina, do tipo apócrina, diferente da secreção merócrina da vaca, leva a erros de interpretação durante a realização de técnicas de avaliação da celularidade do leite de fêmeas desta espécie. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a contagem de células somáticas pelo método indireto California Mastitis Test (CMT), e por métodos diretos, incluindo a contagem por citometria de fluxo e a contagem microscópica direta, através da coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y, além de comparar os métodos de contagem celular. Foram analisadas 102 amostras de 51 fêmeas caprinas, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg, criadas no Estado de São Paulo. Os animais foram categorizados segundo a fase da lactação, exame físico da glândula mamária e exame do leite. As amostras foram colhidas, após a realização do exame Califórnia Mastitis Test, em duas alíquotas, uma destinada à contagem celular automática e a outra, a contagem microscópica direta, utilizando-se o corante verde de metil e pironina- Y. De acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, observou- se 74,5% de amostras negativas, 8,8% de amostras com escore traços, 8,8% de amostras ligeiramente positivas (+), 6,8% de amostras fracamente positivas (++) e 0,9% de amostras fortemente positivas (+++). Os valores medianos das contagens de células somáticas presentes no leite de cabras, avaliadas através de contador automático e microscopia direta, e analisadas de acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, foram, respectivamente, 181.000, 578.000, 628.000, 1.421.500 e 5.542.000 células/mL de leite e 74.991, 271.396, 71.420, 640.995 e 5.049.394 células/ mL de leite, nos escores negativo, traços, +, ++ e +++. Os valores medianos obtidos através da contagem de células somáticas pelo método automático e microscópico direto, de acordo com as fases de lactação foram de 159.500, 508.000 e 277.500 células/mL de leite, e 62.493, 89.275 e 146.411. A correlação obtida entre a contagem celular automática e microscópica direta foi de 88%. A partir dos resultados observados pode-se concluir que existe diferença na contagem celular determinada através do método automático e microscópico sendo este último o mais adequado para a determinação da celularidade no leite de cabras.The particular apocrine secretion of goat milk different from the merocrine one observed in cows, may lead to errors in interpreting cellularity evaluations in the milk of this species. Thus, the objective of the present trial was to determine Somatic Cell Counts by means of one indirect methods, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and direct methods, flow cytometry and direct microscopic count using methyl green-pyronine-Y stain, beyond comparing the methods of cellular counting. A total of 102 samples from 51 Saanen, Brown Alpine and Toggenburg female goats, bred in the state of São Paulo, were analyzed. Goats were separated in groups according to the phase of lactation and to physical examination of the mammary gland, and milk examination. Samples were divided into two aliquots, and were collected after California Mastitis Test evaluation. One aliquot was used in automatic cell counts, and the other, in direct microscopic count using methyl green-pyronine-Y stain. CMT results were as follows: 74.5% of the samples were negative, 8.8% yielded traces, 8.8% were weak positive (1), 6.8% were distinct positive (2) and 0.9% were strong positive (3). Medians of somatic cell counts in goat milk as evaluated by means automatic cell counter and direct microscopy, and grouped according to the different CMT scores, were as follows: 181,000, 578,000, 628,000, 1,421,500, and 5,542,000 cells/mL of milk and 74,991, 271,396, 71,420, 640,995, and 5,049,394 cells/mL of milk in scores negative, traces, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Medians obtained in automatic cell counts and direct microscopic counts, grouped according to the phase of lactation were 159,500; 508,000; and 277,500 cells/mL of milk and 62,493; 89,275; and 146,411 cells/ml of milk, respectively. The correlation between the automatic and microscopic methods for somatic cell counts was 88%. Based on the results obtained, it could be concluded that there were differences between the automatic and microscopic methods for somatic cell counts, being this most adequate for the determination of the celularidade in the cellularity of goat milk

Os públicos do Centro Cultural e de Congressos das Caldas da Rainha

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Cultura e Comunicação, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013O trabalho que se apresenta compõe o relatório do estágio curricular realizado no Centro Cultural e de Congressos das Caldas da Rainha (CCC), no âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Cultura e Comunicação. Partindo da experiência adquirida ao longo do estágio e através de vários tópicos de análise, o relatório será, grosso modo, uma reflexão sobre o papel de um equipamento cultural como o CCC no estabelecimento de dinâmicas culturais na cidade das Caldas da Rainha, tendo como base fundamental a forma como são geridos os públicos. Não se pretende apenas relatar o desempenho ao longo do estágio e as informações factuais sobre o equipamento cultural ou sobre a região em termos geográficos e sociais, mas também utilizar esse conhecimento para problematizar e responder às questões levantadas. A estruturação do relatório obedeceu aos objetivos traçados previamente. A definição dos conceitos de Políticas Culturais e dos Públicos da Cultura e a contextualização histórico-cultural da cidade das Caldas da Rainha compõem a base conceptual do trabalho, tendo em conta que a parte central será o estudo dos Públicos do CCC.Abstract: This essay is the report of the curricular internship that took place in Centro Cultural e de Congressos das Caldas da Rainha (CCC) within the Master’s program in Culture and Communication. Based on the experience acquired during the internship and through several topics for analysis, the current report engages, grosso modo, in a reflection on the role of CCC’s cultural equipment in the establishment of cultural dynamics in the city of Caldas da Rainha and is essentially based on the way audiences are managed. The intention is not only to report the performance during the internship and the factual information on the cultural equipment or on the region in its geographical and social scope, but also to use that knowledge in order to discuss and answer to the issues raised. The structure of the report follows the objectives previously laid down. The definition of Cultural Policies and Culture Audiences concepts and the historical and cultural context of Caldas da Rainha are the conceptual basis of this work, considering that the main subject is the CCC audience analysis

Estimating Aboveground Biomass Loss from Deforestation in the Savanna and Semi-arid Biomes of Brazil between 2007 and 2017

Brazilian Savannas and Semi-arid woodlands biomes exhibit high levels of aboveground biomass (AGB) associated with high rates of deforestation. The state of Minas Gerais (MG), southeast of Brazil, encompasses landscape variations ranging from Savanna and Atlantic Forest to Semiarid woodlands. The understanding of land-cover changes in these biomes is limited due to the fact that most of the efforts for estimating forest cover changes has been focused on the tropical rain forests. Hence, the question is: What is the total amount of AGB loss across Savanna and Semi-arid woodland biomes in MG state, during the period 2007–2017? We first used a total of 1914 field plots from a forest inventory to model the AGB using a combination of remote sensing and spatio-environmental predictor variables to produce a spatial-explicit AGB map. Second, from a global map of forest cover change (GFC), we obtained deforestation patches. As a result, from 2007 to 2017, the Savanna and the Semiarid woodland biomes lost together 508,042 ha of native vegetation in MG state, leading to 21,182,150 Mg of AGB loss (4.65% of total AGB). In Savannas and Semi-arid woodland biomes in MG state, conservation initiatives must be implemented to increase the forests protection and expand AGB

Studying the Elimination Pattern of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus in the Milk of Infected Females

Background: Small ruminants can be infected by lentiviruses, such as Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) and Caprine ArthritisEncephalitis Virus (CAEV). The main route of transmission is via ingestion of contaminated colostrum and milk although vertical transmission can occur. Recently, several studies for molecular detection of CAEV in milk, using conventional PCR and real-time PCR are being carried out. Considering the elimination of CAEV through the milk of infected animals and the importance of this virus in the goat production, the aim of this study was to evaluate the elimination pattern of  CAEV in milk, evaluating the frequency and the concentration eliminated during the lactation.Materials, Methods & Results: A cohort of four negative females for CAEV was inseminated with semen experimentally infected with CAEV-Cork strain. They were located in stalls at the Hospital of Ruminants from School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science from University of São Paulo, Brazil. Goats received coast-cross hay, pellet feeding, mineral salt and water ad libitum. All females were observed every day during pregnancy. After lambing, kids received warm bovine colostrum and bovine milk powder during two months. Forty milk samples were collected at five-day interval during two months. A mixture of five milliliters from each teat was obtained and cDNA extraction was performed using DNA Mini Kit. Initially, real-time PCR was performed using an endogenous control for research of the constitutive gene (12S) for goats. Using positive samples in the first reaction, another reaction was performed using specific primers for lentiviruses based on the gag gene (conserved in retroviruses). In order to compare the results, nested-PCR was performed. After realtime PCR, cDNA was detected in samples from one female, corresponding to the day of calving, 14th, 20th, 25th, 35th and 40th day postpartum (15%; 6/40). The absence of amplified cDNA in thirty days postpartum, as well as in the final twenty days of lactation, was observed. Sample corresponding to the 7th day postpartum was not obtained.  The virus concentration throughout lactation grew up until forty days postpartum. After this period, there was no cDNA amplification. In Nested PCR, positive results were detected in samples corresponding to the day of calving, 15th days, 20th days and 30th days postpartum, only.Discussion: cDNA was detected in samples from one positive female, during forty days postpartum, but not on the 30th. On the other hand, amplified cDNA was observed on 30th day by nested-PCR. In this case, a false negative result was observed after real-time PCR, probably because sample corresponding to 30th days may not have been properly homogenized, so that the fraction used in real-time PCR was not representative. A higher number of positive samples were expected due to the higher sensitivity of the technique used. The low viral concentration in the milk due to high antibody titers, for example, leaded to a small number of cells containing the agent, reducing the possibility of detection. cDNA was not detected in any sample from three infected females. A possible false-positive serological reaction or the very low viral concentration in milk samples could explain the negative results, although some animals might be infected by a strain that could not be recognized by PCR

Neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior não arterítica bilateral após crise de fechamento angular num paciente com iridosquise: relato de caso

A 55-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of a one-week history of visual loss and raised intraocular pressure in the left eye followed 4 days later by visual loss in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination showed bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, slight diffuse corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber and fixed and dilated pupil in both eyes. Splitting of the anterior layers of the iris with fibrillar degeneration extending for approximately one quadrant inferiorly was presented in each eye. Fundus examination showed opitc disc edema with no vascular tortuosity and no cup in both eyes. The condition was treated as bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with irisdoschisis. After medical treatment and improvement of visual acuity, perimetry revealed a significant visual field defect especially in left eye; this case represents a rare concurrence of acute angle-closure glaucoma and bilateral nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Although most cases of elevated intraocular pressure, including acute angle-closure glaucoma, do not result in optic disc edema and irreversible vision loss, variations in the vascular supply of the nerve optic head along with others ocular systemic risk factors, may predispose certain individuals to nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy during periods of elevated intraocular pressure.Paciente de 55 anos, sexo feminino, encaminhada para nosso serviço com história de perda de visão e aumento da pressão intraocular no olho esquerdo há uma semana seguida quatro dias após de perda visual no olho direito. À biomicroscopia hiperemia conjuntival bilateral, edema difuso da córnea, câmara anterior rasa e pupilas fixas e dilatadas em ambos os olhos. Separação do folheto anterior da íris no quadrante inferior estava presente em ambos os olhos. O exame do fundo do olho mostrava edema de disco sem tortuosidade vascular e sem escavação em ambos os olhos. O quadro clínico foi tratado como crise de fechamento angular bilateral num paciente com iridosquise. Após tratamento clínico e iridotomia bilateral com melhora da acuidade visual, a perimetria computadorizada revelou grave perda de campo visual, especialmente no olho esquerdo; este caso representa a rara ocorrência simultânea de crise de fechamento angular e neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior não-arterítica bilateral. Embora a maioria dos casos com pressão intraocular elevada, incluindo crise de fechamento angular, não resulta em edema de disco e perda visual irreverssível, variações no suprimento vascular da cabeça do nervo óptico associados com outros fatores de risco sistêmicos, podem predispor certos indivíduos à neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior durante períodos de elevação da pressão intraocular

Intraocular pressure profile during the modified diurnal tension curve using Goldman applanation tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry

The aim of this study was to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) profile during the modified diurnal tension curve (mDTC) using Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) in treated glaucomatous eyes. Eligible subjects were submitted to the mDTC using GAT and DCT in this sequence. IOP measurements were performed at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 4 p.m.. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasound pachymetry in the morning. Statistical analysis was performed using paired Student’s t test and Bland–Altman plot. The mean difference between DCT and GAT measurements was 0.9 mmHg. The mean ± SD IOP measurements during the mDTC were 19.68 ± 4.68, 17.63 ± 4.44, 17.25 ± 5.41, and 17.32 ± 4.25 mmHg using GAT and 19.97 ± 4.75, 18.79 ± 4.61, 19.53 ± 5.30, and 19.43 ± 5.45 mmHg using DCT. IOP measurements were higher in the morning (8 a.m.) and decreased throughout the day using both tonometers. The difference between IOP measurements using GAT and DCT was smaller in the morning and increased throughout the day. The IOP variability using GAT was higher than using DCT. Corneal biomechanical properties might help explain our findings