125 research outputs found
Towards Digital Twin Implementation for Assessing Production Line Performance and Balancing
The optimization of production processes has always been one of the cornerstones for manufacturing companies, aimed to increase their productivity, minimizing the related costs. In the Industry 4.0 era, some innovative technologies, perceived as far away until a few years ago, have become reachable by everyone. The massive introduction of these technologies directly in the factories allows interconnecting the resources (machines and humans) and the entire production chain to be kept under control, thanks to the collection and the analyses of real production data, supporting the decision making process. This article aims to propose a methodological framework that, thanks to the use of Industrial Internet of Things—IoT devices, in particular the wearable sensors, and simulation tools, supports the analyses of production line performance parameters, by considering both experimental and numerical data, allowing a continuous monitoring of the line balancing and performance at varying of the production demand. A case study, regarding a manual task of a real manufacturing production line, is presented to demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed procedure
Development of a smart splint to monitor different parameters during the treatment process
[ES]Para determinadas lesiones musculoesqueléticas por rotura compleja, el único tratamiento disponible es el uso de férulas de inmovilización. Este tipo de tratamiento suele provocar molestias y ciertos contratiempos en los pacientes. Además, suelen generarse otras complicaciones a nivel vascular, muscular o articular. Actualmente, existe una alternativa realmente posible que solucionarÃa estos problemas e incluso permitirÃa una recuperación más rápida y mejor. Esto es posible gracias a la aplicación de la ingenierÃa en técnicas de fabricación aditiva y al uso de materiales biocompatibles disponibles en el mercado. Este estudio propone el uso de estos materiales y técnicas, incluyendo la integración de sensores en el interior de las férulas.Los principales parámetros considerados a estudiar son la presión, la humedad y la temperatura. Estos aspectos se combinan y analizan para determinar cualquier tipo de evolución inesperada del tratamiento. De esta forma, será posible monitorizar algunas señales que se estudiarÃan para detectar problemas asociados a la propia fase inicial del tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es generar una férula inteligente mediante el uso de biomateriales y técnicas de ingenierÃa basadas en la fabricación avanzada y el sistema de sensores, con fines clÃnicos. Los resultados muestran que el prototipo de la férula inteligente permite obtener datos cuando se coloca sobre el brazo de un paciente. Durante el tratamiento se leen dos temperaturas: en contacto con la piel y entre la piel y la férula. Las variaciones de humedad debidas al sudor dentro de la férula también se leen mediante un sensor de humedad. Un sensor de presión detecta ligeros cambios de presión en el interior de la férula. Además, se ha incluido un sensor de infrarrojos como detector de presencia.[EN]For certain musculoskeletal complex rupture injuries, the only treatment available is the
use of immobilization splints. This type of treatment usually causes discomfort and certain setbacks
in patients. In addition, other complications are usually generated at the vascular, muscular, or
articular level. Currently, there is a really possible alternative that would solve these problems and
even allows a faster and better recovery. This is possible thanks to the application of engineering on
additive manufacturing techniques and the use of biocompatible materials available in the market.
This study proposes the use of these materials and techniques, including sensor integration inside
the splints. The main parameters considered to be studied are pressure, humidity, and temperature.
These aspects are combined and analyzed to determine any kind of unexpected evolution of the
treatment. This way, it will be possible to monitor some signals that would be studied to detect
problems that are associated to the very initial stage of the treatment. The goal of this study is to
generate a smart splint by using biomaterials and engineering techniques based on the advanced
manufacturing and sensor system, for clinical purposes. The results show that the prototype of the
smart splint allows to get data when it is placed over the arm of a patient. Two temperatures are
read during the treatment: in contact with the skin and between skin and splint. The humidity
variations due to sweat inside the splint are also read by a humidity sensor. A pressure sensor
detects slight changes of pressure inside the splint. In addition, an infrared sensor has been included
as a presence detector
Mechanical Model and FEM Simulations for Efforts on Biceps and Triceps Muscles under Vertical Load: Mathematical Formulation of Results
[ES]Aunque las contracciones isométricas en los músculos humanos se han analizado varias veces, no existen modelos de elementos finitos que nos permitan utilizar la misma articulación modelada (el codo en nuestro caso) en diferentes condiciones. La mayorÃa de las articulaciones del codo utilizan elementos 3D para el mallado. Representar los músculos de la articulación es bastante útil cuando el estudio se centra en el propio músculo, para conocer la distribución de tensiones en el músculo y comprobar en detalle las lesiones musculares (inserción tendón-músculo, por ejemplo). Sin embargo, esta técnica no es útil para estudiar el comportamiento del músculo en diferentes posiciones de la articulación. Este estudio, basado en el modelo mecánico de la articulación del codo, propone una metodologÃa para modelar los músculos a estudiar en diferentes posiciones modelándolos con elementos 1D. Además, la metodologÃa permite calcular las tensiones del bÃceps y trÃceps bajo carga para diferentes ángulos de apertura de la articulación del codo. Los resultados de la simulación se han modelado matemáticamente para obtener formulaciones generales de estas tensiones en función de la carga y del ángulo de apertura.[EN]Although isometric contractions in human muscles have been analyzed several times, there are no FEA models that allow us to use the same modeled joint (the elbow under our case) in different conditions. Most elbow joints use 3D elements for meshing. Representing the muscles in the joint is quite useful when the study is focused on the muscle itself, knowing stress distribution on muscle, and checking damage in muscle in a detailed manner (tendon–muscle insertion, for example). However, this technique is not useful for studying muscle behavior at different positions of the joint. This study, based on the mechanical model of the elbow joint, proposes a methodology for modelling muscles that will be studied in different positions by meshing them with 1D elements. Furthermore, the methodology allows us to calculate biceps and triceps efforts under load for different angles of elbow joint aperture. The simulation results have been mathematically modelled to obtain general formulations for these efforts, depending on the load and the aperture angle
Analysis and Fem Simulation Methodology of Dynamic Behavior of Human Rotator Cuff in Repetitive Routines: Musician Case Study
[EN]The majority of musculoskeletal injuries located in the shoulder are often due to repetitive or sustained movements that occur in
work routines in different areas. In the case of musicians, such as violinists, who have long and daily training routines, the
repetitive movements they performare forced and sometimes the postures are not natural. Therefore, this article aims to study and
simulate the dynamic behavior of the glenohumeral joint under repetitive conditions that represent the different postures assumed
by a violinist during his daily training. For this purpose, the criteria provided by the RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) method
have been used. Subsequently, by using as a reference geometry that of the articulation under study generated and modeled in
CATIA®[VERSIÓN 5R21], a FEM analysis has been proposed with the software ANSYS®[VERSIÓN 17.1] simulating the
short and cyclic movements of the Humerus of the violinists. With the analysis carried out, thanks to linear and isotropic
approximations of the joint, it has been possible to know the approximate dynamic behavior of tissues, muscles and tendons,
and the response of the joint in terms of fatigue
Design of an Orthopedic Product by Using Additive Manufacturing Technology: The Arm Splint
[EN]The traditional fabrication process of custom-made splints has hardly undergone any progress since the beginning of
its use at the end of the eighteenth century. New manufacturing techniques and the new materials can help to
modernize this treatment method of fractures. The use of Additive Manufacturing has been proposed in recent years
as an alternative process for the manufacture of splints and there has been an increase in public awareness and
exploration. For this reason, in this study a splint model printed in 3D, that replaces the deficiencies of the cast
maintaining its virtues, has been proposed. The proposed methodology is based on three-dimensional digitalization
techniques and 3D modeling with reverse engineering software. The work integrates different scientific disciplines to
achieve its main goal: to improve life quality of the patient. In addition, the splint has been designed based on the
principles of sustainable development. The design of splint is made of Polycarbonate by technique of Additive
Manufacturing with fused deposition manufacturing, and conceived with organic shapes, customizing openings and
closing buttons with rubber. In this preliminary study the final result is a prototype of the 3D printed arm splint in a reduced
scale by using PLA as material
Behavior under Load of A Human Shoulder: Finite Element Simulation and Analysis
[EN]Most musculoskeletal injuries occur during the work routines in different areas, due to repetitive and sustained movements, they are often located in the shoulder. For workers in the building sector, the repetitive movements and displacements occur under load and unnatural postures of the shoulder joint. For this reason, this study aims to model in 3D the biological components which form the shoulder joint for the later finite element analysis. Three cases with different loads have been considered for this study. Due to a linear and isotropic joint approach it has been possible to evaluate the tensions in the main components of the shoulders: muscles, tendons and ligaments
Dynamics of the Fermentation Process and Chemical Profiling of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Wines Obtained by Different Cultivar×Yeast Combinations
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the historical tree crops in the Mediterranean region and is nowadays commercialized for its beneficial properties in the form of fruits, juice, jams and, in some East countries, as fermented juice (pomegranate wine). However, pomegranate wines are not established as a common beverage in Western countries. In this work, we produced pomegranate wines using two cultivars and two yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Clos and S. cerevisiae ex-bayanus strain EC1118) with contrasting characteristics. A comprehensive chemical profile of the wines was obtained. Notable differences were observed in the function of the cultivars and the yeasts. Different cultivar×yeast combinations provided wines with clearly different chemical profiles and specific features in the patterns of organic acids, phenolics, and volatile compounds. This highlights the opportunity to obtain tailored pomegranate wines with desired chemical profiles and, consequently, sensory properties, through management optimization of pomegranate winemaking. In this view, pomegranate wines have the potential to become an established beverage in Western countries
Approximate Analytical Model for the Squeeze-Film Lubrication of the Human Ankle Joint with Synovial Fluid Filtrated by Articular Cartilage
The aim of this article is to propose an analytical approximate squeeze-film lubrication model of the human ankle joint for a quick assessment of the synovial pressure field and the load carrying due to the squeeze motion. The model starts from the theory of boosted lubrication for the human articular joints lubrication (Walker et al., Rheum Dis 27:512–520, 1968; Maroudas, Lubrication and wear in joints. Sector, London, 1969) and takes into account the fluid transport across the articular cartilage using Darcy’s equation to depict the synovial fluid motion through a porous cartilage matrix. The human ankle joint is assumed to be cylindrical enabling motion in the sagittal plane only. The proposed model is based on a modified Reynolds equation; its integration allows to obtain a quick assessment on the synovial pressure field showing a good agreement with those obtained numerically (Hlavacek, J Biomech 33:1415–1422, 2000). The analytical integration allows the closed form description of the synovial fluid film force and the calculation of the unsteady gap thickness
Research on Influence of Loading Speed of Structural Two-component Epoxy Adhesives on Adhesive Bond Strength☆
Abstract Adhesive bonds belong among a prospective technology of materials connecting, they are applied in many industrial branches when single applications use many advantages of these constructional bonds among which also good shear strength can be ranked. Just the shear strength of the adhesive bond belongs among factors determining an applicability of single adhesives. Standards describing the experimental determination of the adhesive bond shear strength specify the time which is needed for reaching the bond failure. For an extension of adhesives specification for given application the definition of the shear strength can be spread also of other speeds. The paper deals just with the determination of the time influence which is necessary for breaking a steel test adherent on the resultant shear strength of structural adhesives. An electron microscopy was used for an evaluation of fracture surfaces. The aim of the performed experiment is to describe the influence of changeable rate of deformation of the adhesive bond on the shear strength. From the result of the constructional carbon steel S235J0 testing the increase of the breaking strength and yield strength at increasing loading speed is obvious. At increasing loading speed the fall of the elongation of the adhesive bonded material occurred. From the results it is obvious that the loading speed of the adhesive bonds has a positive influence on the strength results of tested adhesive bonds. It came to the increase of the adhesive bond strength up of 21-57% at the speed 500 mm·min-1
SPHINGOSINE KINASE 1 (SPHK1) CONTRIBUTES TO RESISTANCE TO EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) INHIBITORS IN COLORECTAL CANCER MODELS
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