La pesca de altura en la América Española del setecientos : la fundación de la Real Compañía Marítima

Págs. 73-9

“To Transform the Street into a Museum of the Street”: graffiti and its Actors in a Poor Neighborhood of Ecatepec, Estado de México

"A partir de un caso de estudio, este trabajo describe cómo el fenómeno global del grafiti ha sido apropiado y resignificado por los habitantes de una colonia periférica de la Ciudad de México. Los relatos de los pintores callejeros explican el origen de tales manifestaciones en la guerra de pandillas que se desarrolló en la región hacia finales del siglo XX y cómo se desvincularon de la delincuencia para convertirse en instrumentos de crítica social. El análisis de la imagen es testimonio de los nuevos usos a los que se somete la pinta callejera y las clases de contenido que circulan por este medio. Se señala que si la comunidad estima y promueve la producción gráfica es porque ésta refleja los sentimientos de la colectividad.""Through a case of study, this work describes how the global phenomenon of graffiti has been appropriated and resignified by the people who live in a neighborhood on the outskirts of Mexico City. The stories told by the streets painters explain how these expressions arose in the gang war that took place in the region at the end of the 20th century and how these images became disassociated from delinquency to become tools of social criticism. The analysis of the image reveals the new uses that street painting has undergone and the types of contents that are circulated in this medium. Finally, if a community values and promotes this graphic production, it is because it reflects the feelings of the collectivity.

La gestión de conflictos organizacionales por medios extrajudiciales

En este artículo los autores analizan diferentes aspectos de la solución de conflictos organizacionales a través de medios extrajudiciales. Así, comienzan destacando la importancia y el interés creciente de los medios de solución extrajudicial de conflictos a nivel europeo; a continuación se centran en la evolución desarrollada en España, presentando un modelo contrastado de mediación en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales: el Sistema Extrajudicial de Resolución de Conflictos Laborales de Andalucía (SERCLA). Los autores también destacan la importancia de las intervenciones de mediación, a veces informales, que se realizan dentro de las propias organizaciones, enfatizando la mediación como herramienta de carácter preventivo. Otros aspecto que se considera es la importancia de las estrategias empleadas en la mediación (estrategias reflexivas, substantivas y contextuales) y su efectividad. Por último, los autores plantean algunos de los beneficios derivados de la mediaciónThis article examines different aspects of organizational conflict management by non-judicial means. The authors begin emphasizing the crescent importance and interest of the non-judicial means of conflict resolution at a European level. Next, based on the evolution of the topic in Spain, they present a contrasted model of mediation in labor relation settings: The Extrajudicial System for Labour Conflict Resolution in Andalusia (SERCLA). The authors also point out the importance of mediation interventions, some times informal, which are made within the organizations, emphasizing mediation as a preventive tool. Another aspect considered in this article is the importance of the strategies used in mediation (contextual, substantive and reflexive strategies) and its efficiency. Finally, the authors comment on some benefits produced from mediatio

Application of the Internet of Things through a Network of Wireless Sensors in a Coffee Crop for Monitoring and Control its Environmental Variables

En este artículo se presenta la aplicación del Internet de las cosas (IoT), como herramienta tecnológica para el desarrollo de una red inalámbrica de sensores, con el objetivo de monitorear y controlar una serie de variables ambientales que inciden en el cultivo del café y su calidad final. Se procedió al diseño lógico y físico de la red y sus dispositivos, se configuró la red de sensores en un terreno determinado y se procedió a recolectar la información de ciertas variables ambientales, para ser comparadas con una serie de parámetros ya establecidos, que permitirán al caficultor observar el comportamiento de dichas variables a través del tiempo y establecer la generación de alertas o advertencias cuando estas medidas se encuentran por fuera de los rangos establecidos. Una vez desarrollado el estudio se pudo determinar que el manejo del cultivo del café es bastante complejo, debido a la gran cantidad de variedades que se encuentran, el terreno y las variables de tipo ambiental que afectan el proceso de producción y la calidad final del grano. Además, se determinó que el desarrollo e implementación de redes inalámbricas de sensores es posible hoy en día por factores como la reducción de los costos de los dispositivos y el uso de software de código abierto, evitándose valores de licenciamiento adicionales. Finalmente, con base en los parámetros analizados, se pudo establecer que uno de los principales problemas en los cultivos de café es la humedad intensa, que en la práctica puede llegar a afectar el rendimiento de los sensores y sus mediciones.This article presents the application of the Internet of things (IoT), as a technological tool for the development of a wireless sensor network with the aim of monitoring and controlling a series of environmental variables affecting the cultivation of coffee and its final quality. The logical and physical design of the network and its devices was carried out, the sensors network was configured in a given field and the information of certain environmental variables was collected to be compared with a series of parameters already established. This procedure will allow the coffee growers to observe the behavior of these variables over time and set the generation of alerts or warnings when these measures are outside the established ranges. The study determined that the management of coffee cultivation is quite complex due to the large number of varieties found, the terrain and environmental variables affecting the production process and the final quality of the grain. It was also determined that the development and implementation of wireless sensor networks is possible today due to factors such as the reduction of device costs and the use of open source software, avoiding additional licensing values. Finally, based on the parameters analyzed, it was possible to establish that one of the main problems in coffee crops is the intense humidity that, in practice, can affect the performance of the sensors and their measurements

La respuesta del Mediterráneo al Atlántico. Los puertos mediterráneos y el comercio colonial en el siglo XVIII

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The effects of native shrub, fencing, and acorn size on the emergence of contrasting co-occurring oak in Mediterranean grazed areas

Producción CientíficaResearch Highlights: The regeneration of Quercus species is usually very difficult in many oak woodlands transformed by livestock farming. Some studies have reported that shrubs can facilitate regeneration. However, the strength of interaction may vary depending on, among other factors, the shrub species and the stress tolerance of the oak species. Moreover, further studies are necessary to clarify the relative importance of the two facilitation mechanisms in the same community. Background and Objectives: Cytisus multiflorus (L’Her.) Sweet is a predominant shrub species in the Mediterranean grazed open-oak-woodlands found in the central west of the Iberian Peninsula (bioclimatic limit) and is present with Quercus pyrenaicaWilld and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota Samp trees. Thus, we assessed the effect of these native shrubs and acorn size, and the effect of excluding large herbivores, on the seedling emergence of two contrasting co-occurring Quercus species under a bioclimatic limit. Materials and Methods: A manipulative field experiment was carried out considering four treatments as a combination of shrubs (shrub/no-shrub) and fence (fenced/open) factors. A total of twenty plots, five replicates for each treatment were available. In each plot, 20 acorns were sown: 10 acorns (5 small and 5 large) for each Quercus species. Acorn emergence was recorded during the first four years following the sowing. Results: Seedling emergence took place mostly in the spring of the first year after sowing. The presence of shrub was the main significant factor and incremented the emergence of both Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica. The effect of the fence depended on the Quercus species considered, improving only the emergence of Q. pyrenaica. A negative effect with the small acorns was detected but only for Q. pyrenaica. In all treatments, Q. ilex emerged more than Q. pyrenaica. Conclusions: C. multiflorus had a clear facilitative effect on the seedling emergence of Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica, which was much greater than the physical effect that acorn size and excluding large herbivores had. As such, this native shrub may have a key role in oak regeneration in Mediterranean grazed areas. Furthermore, in these areas of contact between marcescent and sclerophyllous Quercus species, Q. ilex currently emerges more than Q. pyrenaica. This could be indicative of a shift towards more xeric climatic conditions, which could lead to a change in the dominant tree species in the future. However, this change could be modulated by the effects of native shrub and large herbivores.Junta de Castilla y León - (Project SA013G19)Universidad de Salamanca - (Programa de financiación de grupos de investigación (2014/00165/001)

Study of optimization design criteria for stand-alone hybrid renewable power systems

Hybrid renewable power systems integrate two or more sources of energy, one of which is renewable, optionally a storage system and typically work in stand-alone mode. They are being considered more and more and we should increment their usage taking advantage of their positive benefits: free of charge resource availability, CO2 emissions reductions and subsidies. Dealing with their inconveniences: variability of renewable resources availability and cost acquisition, through the optimization of the design and the control of the system. The optimal design of hybrid renewable power systems is usually defined by economic criteria. But there are also technical and environmental criteria to be taken into account to improve decision-making. In this paper a discussion on different criteria will introduce the non-economical perspectives in addition to the economic criteria. A case study of a PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery system for a Telecommunication station in Catalonia is discussed. Availability of renewable energy sources is obtained with RETScreen and PVSyst. Analysis and simulations of various hybrid power systems have been done in HOMER resulting on a comparison of different scenarios. Optimal scenario taking into account the best results of all three types of criteria: economic, technical and environmental, is a trade-off of the economic optimum.Postprint (published version

Pattern Dystrophy of the Macula in a Case of Steinert Disease

IntroductionMyotonic dystrophies are typically associated with ocular complications like ptosis, weakness of the ocular muscle and cataracts, but also with less recognized retinal changes.Case ReportA 41-year-old female with type 1 myotonic dystrophy complained of progressive vision loss. Slit lamp examination revealed the presence of typical bilateral polychromatic cataract with posterior subcapsular component. Dilated fundus examination was remarkable for bilateral macular depigmented changes. Multimodal imaging analysis of the macula suggested the presence of a butterfly-shaped pattern dystrophy.DiscussionIn cases of myotonic dystrophies it is of great relevance to analyze the presence of retinal changes that might limit the visual improvement following cataract extraction

The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas

[ENG]Research Highlights: The regeneration of Quercus species is usually very difficult in many oak woodlands transformed by livestock farming. Some studies have reported that shrubs can facilitate regeneration. However, the strength of interaction may vary depending on, among other factors, the shrub species and the stress tolerance of the oak species. Moreover, further studies are necessary to clarify the relative importance of the two facilitation mechanisms in the same community. Background and Objectives: Cytisus multiflorus (L’Her.) Sweet is a predominant shrub species in the Mediterranean grazed open-oak-woodlands found in the central west of the Iberian Peninsula (bioclimatic limit) and is present with Quercus pyrenaicaWilld and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota Samp trees. Thus, we assessed the effect of these native shrubs and acorn size, and the effect of excluding large herbivores, on the seedling emergence of two contrasting co-occurring Quercus species under a bioclimatic limit. Materials and Methods: A manipulative field experiment was carried out considering four treatments as a combination of shrubs (shrub/no-shrub) and fence (fenced/open) factors. A total of twenty plots, five replicates for each treatment were available. In each plot, 20 acorns were sown: 10 acorns (5 small and 5 large) for each Quercus species. Acorn emergence was recorded during the first four years following the sowing. Results: Seedling emergence took place mostly in the spring of the first year after sowing. The presence of shrub was the main significant factor and incremented the emergence of both Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica. The effect of the fence depended on the Quercus species considered, improving only the emergence of Q. pyrenaica. A negative effect with the small acorns was detected but only for Q. pyrenaica. In all treatments, Q. ilex emerged more than Q. pyrenaica. Conclusions: C. multiflorus had a clear facilitative effect on the seedling emergence of Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica, which was much greater than the physical effect that acorn size and excluding large herbivores had. As such, this native shrub may have a key role in oak regeneration in Mediterranean grazed areas. Furthermore, in these areas of contact between marcescent and sclerophyllous Quercus species, Q. ilex currently emerges more than Q. pyrenaica. This could be indicative of a shift towards more xeric climatic conditions, which could lead to a change in the dominant tree species in the future. However, this change could be modulated by the effects of native shrub and large herbivores