115 research outputs found
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Knowing Better and Losing Even More: The Use of Knowledge in Hazards Management
Although loss of life from natural hazards has been declining, the property losses from those causes have been increasing. At the same time the volume of research on natural hazards and the books reviewing findings on the subject have also increased. Several major changes have occurred in the topics addressed. Emphasis has shifted from hazards to disasters. There has been increasing attention to vulnerability. Views of causation have changed. Four possible explanations are examined for the situation in which more is lost while more is known: (1) knowledge continues to be flawed by areas of ignorance; (2) knowledge is available but not used effectively; (3) knowledge is used effectively but takes a long time to have effect; and (4) knowledge is used effectively in some respects but is overwhelmed by increases in vulnerability and in population, wealth, and poverty
New Definition for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: From the Workgroup of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society
New Definition for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: From the Workgroup of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society
Low-Density Lipoprotein Has an Enormous Capacity To Bind (E)-4-Hydroxynon-2-enal (HNE): Detection and Characterization of Lysyl and Histidyl Adducts Containing Multiple Molecules of HNE
(E)-4-Hydroxynon-2-enal (HNE), an electrophilic bifunctional cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product, forms covalent adducts with nucleophilic side chains of amino acid residues. HNE-derived adducts have been implicated in many pathophysiological processes including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Tritium- and deuterium-labeled HNE (d4-HNE) were used orthogonally to study adduction with proteins and individual nucleophilic groups of histidyl, lysyl, and cysteine residues. Using tritium-labeled HNE, we detected the binding of 486 molecules of HNE per low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle, significantly more than the total number of all reactive nucleophiles in the LDL particle. This suggests the formation of adducts that incorporate multiple molecules of HNE with some nucleophilic amino acid side chains. We also found that the reaction of a 1:1 mixture of d4-HNE and d0-HNE with N-acetylhistidine, N-acetyl-Gly-Lys-OMe, or N-acetyl cysteine generates 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 adducts, which exhibit unique mass spectral signatures that aid in structural characterization. A domino-like reaction of initial 1:1 HNE Michael adducts of histidyl or lysyl nucleophiles with multiple additional HNE molecules forms 2:1 and 3:1 adducts that were structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the primordial power spectrum
We present constraints on the primordial power spectrum of adiabatic
fluctuations using data from the 2008 Southern Survey of the Atacama Cosmology
Telescope (ACT). The angular resolution of ACT provides sensitivity to scales
beyond \ell = 1000 for resolution of multiple peaks in the primordial
temperature power spectrum, which enables us to probe the primordial power
spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations with wavenumbers up to k \simeq 0.2
Mpc^{-1}. We find no evidence for deviation from power-law fluctuations over
two decades in scale. Matter fluctuations inferred from the primordial
temperature power spectrum evolve over cosmic time and can be used to predict
the matter power spectrum at late times; we illustrate the overlap of the
matter power inferred from CMB measurements (which probe the power spectrum in
the linear regime) with existing probes of galaxy clustering, cluster
abundances and weak lensing constraints on the primordial power. This
highlights the range of scales probed by current measurements of the matter
power spectrum.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Ap
Sustainable Urban Systems: Co-design and Framing for Transformation
Rapid urbanisation generates risks and opportunities for sustainable development. Urban policy and decision makers are challenged by the complexity of cities as social–ecological–technical systems. Consequently there is an increasing need for collaborative knowledge development that supports a whole-of-system view, and transformational change at multiple scales. Such holistic urban approaches are rare in practice. A co-design process involving researchers, practitioners and other stakeholders, has progressed such an approach in the Australian context, aiming to also contribute to international knowledge development and sharing. This process has generated three outputs: (1) a shared framework to support more systematic knowledge development and use, (2) identification of barriers that create a gap between stated urban goals and actual practice, and (3) identification of strategic focal areas to address this gap. Developing integrated strategies at broader urban scales is seen as the most pressing need. The knowledge framework adopts a systems perspective that incorporates the many urban trade-offs and synergies revealed by a systems view. Broader implications are drawn for policy and decision makers, for researchers and for a shared forward agenda
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