34 research outputs found

    Automatic identification of variables in epidemiological datasets using logic regression

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    textabstractBackground: For an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, multiple datasets must be transformed in a consistent format, e.g. using uniform variable names. When large numbers of datasets have to be processed, this can be a time-consuming and error-prone task. Automated or semi-automated identification of variables can help to reduce the workload and improve the data quality. For semi-automation high sensitivity in the recognition of matching variables is particularly important, because it allows creating software which for a target variable presents a choice of source variables, from which a user can choose the matching one, with only low risk of having missed a correct source variable. Methods: For each variable in a set of target variables, a number of simple rules were manually created. With logic regression, an optimal Boolean combination of these rules was searched for every target variable, using a random subset of a large database of epidemiological and clinical cohort data (construction subset). In a second subset of this database (validation subset), this optimal combination rules were validated. Results: In the construction sample, 41 target variables were allocated on average with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 34%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95%. In the validation sample, PPV was 33%, whereas NPV remained at 94%. In the construction sample, PPV was 50% or less in 63% of all variables, in the validation sample in 71% of all variables. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the application of logic regression in a complex data management task in large epidemiological IPD meta-analyses is feasible. However, the performance of the algorithm is poor, which may require backup strategies

    Roses: buying and planting

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    3 p.: ill.; 28 cm

    Idaho Master Gardener Program Handook, 14th edition

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    Gardeners throughout Idaho use this basic gardening handbook as their text in the increasingly popular Master Gardener classes. The 24 how-to chapters cover everything from soil fertility to insect management. Gardeners use the large three-ring notebook to add specialized and localized information

    Pruning landscape trees and shrubs

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    6 p.: ill.; 28 cm

    Idaho Master Gardener Program Handbook, 13th edition

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    Gardeners throughout Idaho use this basic gardening handbook as their text in the popular Master Gardener classes. The 24 how-to chapters cover everything from soil fertility to insect management. Gardeners use the large three-ring notebook to add specialized and localized information

    Idaho Master Gardener Program Handook, 16th edition

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    Gardeners throughout Idaho use this basic gardening handbook as their text in the increasingly popular Master Gardener classes. The 24 how-to chapters cover everything from soil fertility to insect management. Gardeners use the large three-ring notebook to add specialized and localized information

    PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF MAPLE AND BIRCH ROOTS TO RHIZOSPHERE HYPOXIA

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    The purpose of this study was to determine if internal aeration of roots by lower stems, changes in gross morphology of lower stems, or both, contribute to flood tolerance of certain tree species. Greenhouse-grown seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and river birch (Betula nigra L.) tolerated at least 30 days of flooding, whereas sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) and European birch (Betula pendula Roth) were intolerant. Flood treatment induced lenticel intumescences and adventitious root formation on red maple stems, but only adventitious roots formed on river birch stems. Stem morphology of sugar maple and European birch was unchanged by flooding. Flood stress decreased oxygen consumption capacity of excised roots from both tolerant and intolerant species. Exclusion of oxygen from the lower stems of red maple and river birch prevented lenticel intumescence and adventitious root formation, but flood tolerance and root respiration capacity were unchanged. Neither internal aeration nor changes in stem morphology appear to account for flood tolerance of red maple and river birch. In the second part of this study, several biochemical and physiological responses of river and European birch roots to hypoxia were compared in order to determine root metabolic activity under low oxygen tension. Although hypoxia decreased total adenosine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate contents in roots from both species, river birch roots contained greater quantities of these nucleotides after 18 days of treatment. Adenylate energy charge of river birch roots decreased between 6 and 12 days of hypoxia, whereas energy charge of European birch roots decreased significantly after only one day. In vitro activity of cytochrome c oxidase and oxygen consumption capacity of excised roots from both birch species decreased under hypoxia. In vitro activity of alcohol dehydrogenase from roots of both species increased after 1 day of hypoxia. However, alcohol dehydrogenase activity from river birch roots increased 25 fold by 6 days of hypoxia, whereas that in European birch roots decreased back to control levels. Metabolic adaptation within the root, rather than internal aeration, appears to be responsible for tolerance of river birch to hypoxia

    Metabolic Response of River Birch and European Birch and European Birch Roots to Hypoxia

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    Assays for the in vitro establishment of Swietenia macrophylla and Cedrela odorata

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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213;" lang="ES">Título en español: Ensayos para el establecimiento <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in vitro</em> de <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Swietenia macrophylla</em> y <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cedrela odorata</em></span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Abstract: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Recalcitrance and contamination in Mahogany (<em>Swietenia macrophylla</em> King<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">)<em> </em></span>and Spanish cedar (<em>Cedrela odorata</em> L.) stem tissues are the main causes of its ineffective <em>in vitro</em> propagation. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The objectives of this research were: a) to evaluate </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">sodium hypochlorite</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> (<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">NaOCl) and </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">plant preservative mixture</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-US"> (PPM</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Lohit Hindi";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">®</span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-US">) as surface disinfectants and/or added to the culture medium for the <em>in vitro</em> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">establishment of nodal explants taken from 10-year-old Mahogany<em> </em>and Spanish cedar<em> </em>plants, and b) to evaluate<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> the <em>in vitro</em> response of such explants treated with </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8, 17.7 </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213;" lang="ES">μ</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">M), silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3</sub>) (0, 3 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), activated charcoal (0, 1 g l<sup>-1</sup>) and vented caps. All the experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The NaOCl at 15%, for 20 min, as a surface sterilization or PPM</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Lohit Hindi";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">®</span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: font213; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> at 2 ml l<sup>-1 </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>i
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