Numerical Analysis of the Transient Response of Advanced Thermal Protection Systems for Atmospheric Entry

Equations for the transfer of heat through thermal protection shields are derived in finite difference form. These equations are applicable to charring ablators, impregnated ceramics, subliming ablators, heat sinks, and insulating materials and have been programed for solution on a high-speed digital computer. In the program, thermal properties can be functions of temperature. Provision is made for analysis of heat shields subjected to simultaneous convective and radiative heat inputs. Some typical results are presented. Limited comparisons with experimental results are made

Design, development, and prototyping of a bike chain & gear mechanism cleaning product

Aim of this project is to design, develop, and prototype a new Chain & Gear Mechanism Guard for cleaning bicycles. Sentini Marine managers “Gareth Bransby and Jon Lee have contacted to the University of Huddersfield, Enterprise and Innovation Centre to find a design solution to their initial ideas to find a low cost manufacturing method for their bike chain cleaning product. They were introduced by the Product Design team after the initial meeting. Dr Ertu Unver met the Sentini team initially and agreed to carry out design and development work. Academic staff Robert Silkstone and David Swann also joined the team. A Santander Voucher was awarded to fund this research and development

Structures for Reentry Heating

The basic structural approaches for dealing with reentry heating of manned vehicles are summarized. The weight and development status of both radiative and ablative shields are given and the application of these shields to various vehicles is indicated

Transportation of fish in bags

Reviewed by Robert A. Pierce II (Extension Fisheries and Wildlife Specialist). Reviewed by David Brune (Professor, Plant Sciences and Technology), L. Swann (Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant Program, Purdue University)"Fish, shellfish, and plants often are transported in sealed plastic bags containing small quantities of water and pure oxygen. Bag shipment requires placing a prescribed weight of fish in 1.5 to 2 gallons of water in 3 milliliters polyethylene bags, 18 by 32 inches. Excess air is removed from the bag and replaced with pure oxygen. The bag is sealed, placed in an insulated container and finally into a cardboard shipping box and shipped. Bag shipment may be the best choice for the shipper for several reasons. First, very small fish and fry could be damaged by being shipped in large tanks. Second, due to the extreme distances involved, bag shipment may offer economic advantages over standard tank transportation. This fact sheet will focus on transport of fish. With minor modifications the techniques and principals discussed also apply to shellfish."--Page 1.Robert A. Pierce II (Extension Fisheries and Wildlife Specialist), David Brune (Professor, Plant Sciences and Technology), L. Swann (Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant Program, Purdue University).Reviewed 4/22Includes bibliographical reference

A comparison of collision cross section values obtained via travelling wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry : application to the characterisation of metabolites in rat urine

A comprehensive Collision Cross Section (CCS) library was obtained via Travelling Wave Ion Guide mobility measurements through direct infusion (DI). The library consists of CCS and Mass Spectral (MS) data in negative and positive ElectroSpray Ionisation (ESI) mode for 463 and 479 endogenous metabolites, respectively. For both ionisation modes combined, TWCCSN2 data were obtained for 542 non-redundant metabolites. These data were acquired on two different ion mobility enabled orthogonal acceleration QToF MS systems in two different laboratories, with the majority of the resulting TWCCSN2 values (from detected compounds) found to be within 1% of one another. Validation of these results against two independent, external TWCCSN2 data sources and predicted TWCCSN2 values indicated to be within 1-2% of these other values. The same metabolites were then analysed using a rapid reversed-phase ultra (high) performance liquid chromatographic (U(H)PLC) separation combined with IM and MS (IM-MS) thus providing retention time (tr), m/z and TWCCSN2 values (with the latter compared with the DI-IM-MS data). Analytes for which TWCCSN2 values were obtained by U(H)PLC-IM-MS showed good agreement with the results obtained from DI-IM-MS. The repeatability of the TWCCSN2 values obtained for these metabolites on the different ion mobility QToF systems, using either DI or LC, encouraged the further evaluation of the U(H)PLC-IM-MS approach via the analysis of samples of rat urine, from control and methotrexate-treated animals, in order to assess the potential of the approach for metabolite identification and profiling in metabolic phenotyping studies. Based on the database derived from the standards 63 metabolites were identified in rat urine, using positive ESI, based on the combination of tr, TWCCSN2 and MS data.</p

Visual estimates of grain size distribution in some Chester sandstones

Bibliography: p. 32-33

The taxonomic position and breeding range of Golden Nightjar Caprimulgus eximius (Caprimulgidae)

Acknowledgements YL performed this research as part of her MSc (Genetics) at the University of Aberdeen, whose support is acknowledged. We thank the reviewers whose helpful comments substantially improved the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

The impact of sequencing depth on the inferred taxonomic composition and AMR gene content of metagenomic samples

Shotgun metagenomics is increasingly used to characterise microbial communities, particularly for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in different animal and environmental contexts. There are many different approaches for inferring the taxonomic composition and AMR gene content of complex community samples from shotgun metagenomic data, but there has been little work establishing the optimum sequencing depth, data processing and analysis methods for these samples. In this study we used shotgun metagenomics and sequencing of cultured isolates from the same samples to address these issues. We sampled three potential environmental AMR gene reservoirs (pig caeca, river sediment, effluent) and sequenced samples with shotgun metagenomics at high depth (~ 200 million reads per sample). Alongside this, we cultured single-colony isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from the same samples and used hybrid sequencing (short- and long-reads) to create high- quality assemblies for comparison to the metagenomic data. To automate data processing, we developed an open- source software pipeline, ‘ResPipe’