Foucauldian Docile Body in Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island

This article presents a Foucauldian reading of Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island. Depicting modern medical facilities, the book demonstrates disciplinary system and power manipulation on psychotic patients who are confined to cellular spaces, and are subjugated under medical gaze. Despite the patients’ resistance to the power, they are ultimately expected to be dominated and normalized. The ideas presented in the novel are in line with Foucault’s notion of “docile body”, discussed in his Discipline and Punish, which are considered as the key concepts of the research and are explored within the designated novels. Power as a penetrating force transforms the individual into a docile being which refers to a submissive and dynamic body; surveillance acts as physics of power and holds a constant gaze on the individual in a way that he is subjugated by the invisible observing power; confinement along with cellular distribution turns the individual to an analytical body. This research aims to explore the docilizing elements and achieved level of normalization within the novel of the study; it tries to investigate the extent to which the gaze held on the patients performs a positive result as discussed by Foucault. The study inspects the response of the body to disciplinary techniques and reveals that in Lehane’s novel, the effect of power manipulation is displayed as possibly counter-productive and repressive in docilizing the body which is contradictory to Foucault’s positive view of power

Petrogenetic and tectonic aspects of collisional granitoids from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt of Iran

Abstract The Sanandaj-Sirjan granitoids (SSG) in western Iran are composed mainly of granite, granodiorite and tonalite. Chemically the rocks are peraluminous and metaluminous, and show S-and I-type characteristics. The oval shape of the plutons, with large axes parallel to the Zagros main trend, along with deformational textures and structures, the existence of aluminous minerals such as andalusite, garnet and sillimanite as well as micaceous enclaves and geochemical features, all support generation of these rocks by partial melting of heterogeneous source materials in a continental collision setting, corresponding to the Zagros Orogen

Dentin Dysplasia: A Review

Objectives Dentin dysplasia (DD) is a rare disorder, which is not accentuated in dental practice. DD has 2 types. Type I is manifested by tooth mobility, short roots, reduced pulp space and normal crowns. Type II or coronal DD is characterized by normal crowns in permanent teeth but discolored crowns in primary teeth. Denticles are detectable in the pulp chamber of teeth in type II DD. Many uncertain aspects of this condition include its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning. For a long time, extraction of mobile teeth was the main possible choice, which would lead to psychosocial problems that needed psychological interventions. The present study aimed to collect and classify the recent information on DD.Methods An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar from 1977 to 2018. Duplicates were eliminated and the retrieved articles and relevant textbooks were thoroughly reviewed.Results Although DD has an unknown etiology, it is known for a fact that it has a hereditary trait. The present article provides some information about DD, including possible etiological factors, clinical, radiographic and histological manifestations, diagnosis and current treatment options.Conclusion Management of DD is based on preservation of teeth in the oral cavity and may vary from preventive and piecemeal care to tooth extraction and regenerative pulp therapy

Acupuncture and Dentistry

ObjectivesAcupuncture is one of the best known complementary therapies in Traditional Chinese medicine and has a history of more than 2500 years. Acupuncture stimulates the nervous system and shifts the perception of pain signals and also releases natural painkillers, such as endorphins and serotonin. Main aim of this article is to review related articles that have focused on acupuncture and its applications in dentistry. The other objective is to maintain a quick sketch of acupuncture use in dentistry for dental clinicians and to encourage them to use acupuncture with the knowledge of its advantages and disadvantages Dental clinicians have to be familiar with the applications of acupuncture for dental disorders because its successful use for dental conditions has been proven.MethodsA detailed search was performed to identify systematic reviews and research/original and review articles, using PUBMED, EBSCO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR and CDSR from 1990 to 2017 in both languages English and Persian to clarify the application of acupuncture in dentistry.ResultsVarious studies have shown that acupuncture can be used to manage wide range of disorders in dentistry such as dental pain, altering pain threshold, myofascial pain, temporomandibular disorders, gag reflex, dental anxiety, chronic muscle pain or spasm, TMD, Atypical facial pain, Headache (tension headache, migraine), (dry mouth),Nerve pain (neuralgia, especially trigeminal neuralgia, neuropathic pain, nerve injury), Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and perioral structures. However acupuncture's ability as dental analgesia or controlling post-operative pain after dental surgery as a single therapy is questionable.Conclusion On the systemic review of acupuncture-associated articles in Cochrane library, previously effective acupuncture therapy lacks adequate evidences, which may be related to the low quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this context.Acupuncture and Dentistr

Educational Philosophy of Islamic Hermeneutics and Its Application in Curriculum Studies

Hermeneutics is known as the science of interpreting and explaining texts. Hermeneutics, which was originally used as a way to interpret the scriptures and understand the text, has now risen to the level of a philosophical school and even entered the field of research theorizing and curriculum. It is especially important for disciplines about religious texts. For a hermeneutic educator, education is considered to be the heart of education, because education is nothing more than a process of effective application of hermeneutics (language) and for educators, it is a framework that may be used as a strategy and technique called critical thinking, which is a necessity of the present age. The first step of the article starts with extracting materials from the perspective of hermeneutic philosophy of Islamic approach by studying the internal and external texts of the curriculum dimensions and for this purpose the analytical-inferential method is used. In the second stage of the article, by examining the handful of patterns on hermeneutics that were deductive, theoretical, a new model for children's curriculum is presented to offer educators solutions to develop students' judgments and critical thinking from an early age. For this purpose, the practical analogy presented in a prescriptive form has been used as a useful and obligatory knowledge that has a great help in the field of education with an Islamic approach. This is provided that educators are familiar with the specific language of religious instruction, which requires skillful interpretations, so that students can learn how religious subjects influence people

A comparative study of luteal estradiol pre-treatment in GnRH antagonist protocols and in micro dose flare protocols for poor-responding patients

Purpose This study aims to verify if luteal estradiol pretreatment improves IVF/ICSI outcomes in a GnRH antagonist protocol as compared with a micro dose GnRH agonist protocol in poor-responding patients. Methods A total of 116 IVF/ICSI cycles were included in this prospective randomized single blind clinical trial. The selected women were randomly assigned to receive an estradiol pre-treatment in a GnRH antagonist protocol (daily oral Estradiol Valerate 4 mg preceding the IVF cycle from the 21st day until the first day of the next cycle) or in oral contraceptive pill micro dose GnRH agonist protocol. Results The patients in the luteal estradiol protocol required more days of stimulation (10.9 ± 1.6 vs. 10.2 ± 1.8) and a greater gonadotropin requirement (3,247.8 ± 634.6 vs. 2,994.8 ± 611 IU), yet similar numbers of oocytes were retrieved and fertilized. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the implantation rates (9.8 vs. 7.9 %) and the clinical pregnancy rates per transfer (16.3 vs. 15.6 %). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the use of estradiol during a preceding luteal phase in a GnRH antagonist protocol can provide similar IVF outcomes when compared to a micro dose GnRH agonist protoco

An interaction analysis model to study knowledge construction in xMOOCs

 One of the recent tools of online teaching and learning has been MOOC which utilizes the web and can be considered a critical factor in delivering future lessons. Coursera is an approved and famous online learning tool established by two professors from Stanford. According to previous studies, Coursera concentrates on duplicating knowledge instead of constructing it. The present work aims at observing Coursera community in its normal context and investigating how participants construct knowledge. The required data were gathered through archive data including the top and chosen posts of online discussion groups. The interaction analysis model (IAM) was used to qualitatively analyze the data. In the observed courses, it was found that Coursera is mostly at Phase I (sharing/comparing information) of the IAM. Using the IAM which was first proposed for investigations of online debates, the research found a new phase and operations for assessing the level of knowledge construction in online discussion forums. This research bridges the gaps in the related literature by providing a foundation for understanding knowledge construction in the xMOOC context. Besides, this research developed understanding for future work which is a Coursera community framework that generally makes a MOOC community more potential to construct knowledge

A Review on The Story of the Holy Prophet and Zaynab Bint Jahsh

Regarding the verse 37 of Surah Ahzab , some traditions and stories have been narrated which come in the following in brief:“One day Prophet wanted Zayd ibn Harithah- his slave- do something for him, he came to his home. When he entered his home, he saw Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Zayd. Her beauty surprised him. The Prophet fell in love with him and wished Zayd divorced her so he could marry her.” In the present study authenticity of this story has been studied. The method of this research is library and descriptive-analytic.After reviewing text and sources, it becomes clear that these traditions are not authentic, the source-based shortcoming is presence of weak narrators in the chain of narrators. Likewise, in the chain of narrators, we have seen Tabe’in or those who could not have been eye-witnesses of this story.Concerning the text of this tradition, it should be said that these traditions are not compatible with verses of Quran and the history of Prophet. Presence of ambiguity and discordance of these narrations with the infallibility of Prophet is another reason of rejecting this story