THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING ARBITRATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LITIGATIONS

The institution of the international commercial arbitration is continuously expanding, preferred by the majority of the business parteners worldwide as a way of resolving their ongoing issues. Although arbitration is characterized by flexibility, certain fundamental principles which ought to be respected, are provided by most legislations and statutes of the arbitration institutions. The purpose of the study is to analyze these principles, as provided by internal and international regulations.international commercial arbitration; the principle of contradictoriality; the principle of confidentiality.

Analysis of morphophonemic patterns of Gujii dialect: an insight from optimality theory, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics in the determination of peculiarities of the dialect

The Gujii dialect which is one of southern dialects of Afaan Oromoo is highly characterized by assimilation patterns. This assimilation is dictated by some linguistic and non-linguistic factors and it has impact on the communication held between Gujii dialect speakers and school text version speakers. Therefore, this paper presents the analysis of Gujii morphophonemic patterns in comparison to school version of Afaan Oromoo using some insights from Optimality Theory, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. Besides, it explores psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic constraints that possibly caused peculiar morphophonemic assimilations in Gujii dialect. From the analysis, it is found out that assimilation pattern in Gujii dialect is highly observed in inflection morphemes of verbs as well as of some nouns and adverbs. Similarly, patterns such as using ‘hudhaa’/ stop velar sound / at the end of plural compound nouns, negative markers/ using [hin-] as a prefix together with [–u]as a suffix/, and some greeting phrases are other peculiar patterns observed in Gujii dialect. The peculiarity of these morphophonemic patterns is determined by psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic factors. Moreover, this peculiarity is linguistically justifiable by Optimality Theory and they are made primarily for ease of communication. Because of these peculiarities, the Gujii dialect speakers face several problems when they are required to speak or read the school version of Afaan Oromoo.Key Words: Gujii, morphophonemic patterns, dialect, assimilation, Afaan Oromo

Evaluating the Effects of Bisphenols F and S with Respect to Bisphenol A on Primordial Germ Cell Migration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Using Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) migration occurs in early embryonic development and is highly conserved across taxa. PGC migration occurs within the first 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) in zebrafish, making the organism an efficient model for observing the migration pathway. Proper PGC migration is necessary for normal gonad development and, in some species, sex determination. Disruption of this process leads to defects in gonad formation and abnormal sex determination and differentiation. Studies show that endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) disrupt PGC migration in zebrafish. BPA is an estrogenic compound that has been linked to a variety of human diseases, including various cancers, diabetes, reproductive disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is one of the most widely used synthetic compounds worldwide, as it is used to make polycarbonate plastics. Many studies provide evidence of the harmful effects of BPA on living organisms. In response, manufacturers have started to use replacements such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, due to their structural similarity, it is likely that BPF and BPS are just as harmful to organisms as BPA. In this study, we use antibody staining and immunofluorescence microscopy to confirm that BPA exposure results in abnormal PGC migration in zebrafish embryos, as previously studied, and to illustrate that BPF and BPS exposure results in similar PGC migration defects

Financial Failure Prediction Using Financial Ratios: An Empirical Application on the Saudi Stock Exchange

The objective of this research is to predict financial failure of few selected companies using financial ratios. In addition, the goal of this review is to look at the segregating power of monetary crisis utilizing the factors of the Altman's Z-score display and build up a reasonable model for Saudi Arabia, which could give detect ahead of time about the budgetary pain of companies. To build up the model the review has classified the chosen factors from year 2013 to 2016 two bad performing and two good performing companies. Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA) has been utilized as the logical strategy and synchronous estimation technique used to enter the factors in the research. The results show that all the company's fall within the gray are, which indicates a weakness in performance and inability to make satisfactory profits for shareholders. Companies results reveal that most of them suffer from sever stagnation and that most of them do not distribute any profits at all or distribute very little profits. The two good performing companies continue to remain in the market while the two bad performers have quit the market. Keywords: Financial ratios, Saudi Arabia, Stock Market DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-9-07 Publication date:May 31st 201

The benefits & concerns of public data availability in Australia: a survey of security experts

This paper gauges the attitudes of security experts in Australia with regards to public data availability on critical infrastructure protection (CIP). A qualitative survey was distributed to a individuals considered experts in CIP-related research in Australia, in order to address the censorship versus open access debate concerning public data. The intention of the study was to gain an insight into the perceived benefits and threats of public data availability by security experts, and to provide the basis for a security solution to be utilised by the Australian Government sector (at all levels). The findings however can also be applied to other data supplying agencies. This includes the identification and assessment of the technical and non-technical security mechanisms that can be enforced to protect sensitive public data elements that reveal information about Australia’s critical infrastructure