Rehabilitation of the lower limbs after a stroke: Occupational therapy intervention in unique case

Una de las principales manifestaciones tras sufrir daño cerebral es una disfunción en la deambulación, por ello la rehabilitación de la misma es una de las demandas primordiales de las personas que han sufrido una lesión cerebral. Este estudio pretende constatar la eficacia de la combinación de los métodos Bobath y Perfetti en el tratamiento de la marcha y su inclusión en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) en un adulto tras sufrir un ictus, con el objetivo de demostrar la cabida de la Terapia Ocupacional en la rehabilitación de los miembros inferiores (MMII). El estudio muestra la intervención en un varón con hemiparesia y patología de pie equino durante tres meses, con 5 sesiones semanales. Se evaluó con Escala Tinetti (marcha), Escala Daniels (fuerza), Índice de Barthel, Escala de Lawton y Brody (AVD) y una escala de sensibilidad creada ad hoc. Los resultados muestran mejora en equilibrio, distribución de peso en MMII y en las AVD tras la intervención. En conclusión, la aplicación de dichos métodos sobre el pie equino, favorecen la adquisición de una marcha más estable y funcional que influye directamente en una realización más independiente de las AVD.One of the main signs after having suffered brain damage is an ambulation dysfunction and one of primordial demands in people who have suffered this lesion is the rehabilitation of this dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to show the efficiency of Bobath and Perfetti methods along the treatment of gait and its inclusion in the activities of daily living (ADL) of an adult after suffering a stroke, showing the role of Occupational Therapy (OT) in the lower limbs rehabilitation. The study consisted in a three months intervention with a periodicity of five weekly sessions in a man with hemiparesis and equinus foot. The assessment was carried out with Tinetti Scale (gait), Daniels Scale (strenght), Barthel Index and Lawton and Brody Scale (ADL) and a sensitivity scale specifically created for this study. The results show improvements in balance, weigh distribution in lower limbs and in activities of daily living. In conclusion, these methods on the equinus foot is advantageous in the acquisition of a more stable and functional gait and it influences directly in a more independent execution in the ADL

Evidencias de Validez Diagnóstica de la Escala Detectaweb-Malestar

Evidence of diagnostic validity of the DetectaWeb-Distress ScaleAbstract: The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a web-based scale for screening and detecting internalizing disorder symptoms (anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, obsessions and compulsions, and suicidality) in children and adolescents. Previous studies examined the validity and reliability of the scale, however, there are no data on its diagnostic validity. The objective of this study was to examine the evidence of diagnostic validity of the DetectaWeb-Distress scale in a sample of 244 children and adolescents from clinical (n = 51) and community (n = 193) settings, all of them with the diagnostic process completed. The results indicated that the DetectaWeb-Distress scale is a useful measure from a diagnostic point of view, as it discriminates between people with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders and suicidality, and those without, presenting ROC values of approximately .80 and good sensitivity and specificity for detecting the main emotional disorders. The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a valid measure and diagnostically useful for detecting and identifying children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, depression and suicidality, with the advantage that it is a short measure, specifically developed for Internet use, especially relevant in the era of COVID-19.Keywords: DetectaWeb-Distress; assessment, anxiety, depression, children, adolescents.Evidencias de Validez Diagnóstica de la Escala Detectaweb-Malestar Resumen: La Escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una escala de detección del malestar emocional a través de internet que evalúa síntomas de trastornos interiorizados (ansiedad, depresión, estrés postraumático, obsesiones y compulsiones y suicidalidad) en niños y adolescentes. Estudios anteriores han examinado la validez y fiabilidad de la escala, sin embargo, no cuenta con datos relativos a su validez diagnóstica. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las evidencias de validez diagnóstica de la escala DetectaWeb-Malestar en una muestra de 244 niños y adolescentes procedentes de contextos clínico (n = 51) y comunitario (n = 193), todos con un proceso diagnóstico completado. Los resultados indicaron que la escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una medida útil desde el punto de vista diagnóstico, ya que discrimina entre personas con trastornos de emocionales, como son los de ansiedad, depresión y suicidalidad y los que no lo padecen, presentando valores ROC en torno a .80 y adecuada sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar los principales trastornos emocionales. La escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una medida válida y útil desde el punto de vista diagnóstico para detectar e identificar niños y adolescentes con problemas de ansiedad, depresión y suicidalidad, con la ventaja de que es una medida breve y desarrollada específicamente para su uso a través de Internet, especialmente relevante en la era de la COVID-19.Palabras clave: DetectaWeb-Malestar; evaluación; ansiedad; depresión; niños y adolescentes

Aceptación/rechazo social infantil: relación con problemas emocionales e inteligencia emocional

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship of social acceptance/rejection whit anxiety-depressive symptomatology and emotional intelligence in Spanish children. The sample consisted of 94 students of Elementary School between 8 and 12 years. Results revelled the significant relationship between rejection index and symptomatology of social phobia, dysphoria and low self-stem, while the model for choices index is related whit social skills. In resume, social rejection is related whit emotional problems, whereas social acceptance does with emotional intelligence. This study suggests the relevance of developing socio-emotional competences programs to promote social acceptance and to prevent emotional disorders related with social rejection in childhood.El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación de la aceptación/rechazo social con la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva y la inteligencia emocional en niños españoles de 8 a 12 años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 94 alumnos (45.7% varones, edad media = 9.76; DT = 1.09). Los resultados indicaron que el rechazo social se relaciona con la sintomatología de fobia social, disforia y baja autoestima, mientras que la aceptación social se relaciona con habilidades sociales. En resumen, el rechazo social se relaciona con problemas emocionales, mientras que la aceptación social lo hace con inteligencia emocional. Este estudio sugiere la importancia de desarrollar programas de competencias socio-emocionales para promover la aceptación social y prevenir los trastornos emocionales asociados al rechazo social en la infancia

Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S): A Universal Screening Measure of Social-Emotional Strengths for Spanish-Speaking Adolescents

The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S), which is a measure of core psychological assets based on a higher-order model of Covitality, is comprised of 36 items and four latent traits (with three measured subscales): belief in self (self-efficacy, self-awareness, and persistence), belief in others (school support, family coherence, and peer support), emotional competence (emotional regulation, behavioral self-control, and empathy), and engaged living (gratitude, zest, and optimism). Previous international studies have supported the psychometric properties of the SEHS-S. The present study extended this research by examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation with a sample of 1042 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.65.). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original factorial structure, with hierarchical omega between 0.66–0.93, with 0.94 for the total score. Factorial invariance across genders revealed small latent mean differences. A path model evaluated concurrent validity, which revealed a significant association between Covitality and bidimensional mental health (psychological distress and well-being). Specifically, correlational analyses showed a negative association with internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and positive associations with subjective well-being, health-related quality of life, and prosocial behaviors. This study provides an example of a culturally relevant adaptation of an international tool to measure student strengths, which is critical to planning school programming and policy.The Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain (I+D+i Projects, 2017, reference number: PSI2017-88280-R, and Research Networks PSI2015-70943-REDT and PSI2017-90650-REDT) and the Department of Education, Research, Culture, and Sport from Valencian Community of Spain through two grants for the hiring of PhD research assistant awarded to M.R-R. [ACIF/2015/155; VALi+d Program) and R.F. (ACIF/2019/052; VALi+d Program) funded this research

DetectaWeb Project: study protocol of a web-based detection of mental health of children and adolescents

Introduction Traditionally, research and practice addressing mental health has been conducted within a unidimensional model, explaining mental health as the presence/absence of psychological problems (distress or psychopathological symptoms). More recently, accumulative evidence has supported a bi-dimensional model, which conceptualises psychological problems and psychological strengths (well-being) as related-yet-distinct continua that, when considered together, yields a more comprehensive understanding of individuals. The DetectaWeb Project is a web-based early detection assessment of the mental health continuum (MHC) for children and adolescents and aims to: develop a web-based platform for screening of the MHC, including both psychological problems (anxiety, depression and suicidality) and personal strengths (emotional, cognitive/psychological and social aspects); examine the prevalence of the MHC among children and adolescents; and analyse key determinants (risk and protective factors) of the MHC. Methods and analysis We will conduct an ongoing, multicentre observational, cross-sectional study of Spanish children and adolescents. Participants will be assessed through a web-based platform. In order to validate the web-based screening system, a clinical reappraisal will be completed among a subsample of respondents. To elucidate youth’s levels of subjective distress and well-being, we will include measures of anxiety, depression, suicidality, well-being, externalising problems and socio-demographic variables. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained at all sites. All participants will sign a free and informed consent form before the assessment. Results of the study will be communicated during national and international meetings in the field of clinical and health psychology with children and adolescents. Publications will be sought in journals usually read by psychologists or psychiatrists involved in the development of epidemiological studies and interventions for mental health promotion based on resilience building for children and adolescents.Detecta Web Project is a funded project by the Vicerrectorado for Research and Technological Development from Miguel Hernández University (BANCAJA-UMH, call 2010), the Department of Health Care (Consejeria de Sanidad) from the Valencian Community (SMI 10/2014), and a grant for the hiring of predoctoral research assistant granted the third author (ProgramVALi+d, Department of Education, Research, Culture and Sport from the Valencian Community)

Socio-emotional strengths against psychopathology and suicidal ideation in fear of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. It also leads to different types of psychosocial problems in society as a result of preventive health measures and the disease itself. Among others, psychopathological symptoms and suicide behaviors have increased. The PsicorecurSOS COVID-19 online protocol was designed. At baseline, 1020 Spanish adults were assessed, during confinement, for sociodemographics, fear of COVID-19, anxious-depressive symptoms, covitality, and suicidal ideation. Reliability, descriptive, and frequency analyses were carried out, and the computer tool SPSS PROCESS was used to carry out a conditional process analysis (model 59). A total of 595 participants were included (58.30% response rate from baseline; mean age = 37.18 [SD = 13.30]; 72.44% female). Regarding suicidal ideation, 12% responded differently to “never,” 19.3% exceeded the cutoff point on the anxiety scale, and 24% on the depression scale. Moderate mediation analysis explained 27% of the variance in suicidal ideation. In addition, the indirect effect of moderate mediation was significant (b = −.004, SE = .002 with the presence of covitality; and b = .01, SE = .003 absence of covitality). Sex and age did not influence the overall outcome of the model. The data from this study can serve as a starting point for generating social and health treatment initiatives based on self-examination of anxiety-depressive symptoms and increasing socio-emotional skills in order to prevent and alleviate the psychosocial effects of the pandemic.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Vivenciando el duelo anticipatorio: experiencia de familiares de pacientes con enfermedad oncológica en etapa terminal

Para develar mi inquietud acerca de la Vivencia del Duelo Anticipatorio de familiares cuidadores de pacientes con Enfermedad Oncológica en Etapa Terminal, utilicé la metodología que propone la Investigación Cualitativa de trayectoria Fenomenológica, el objetivo era comprender sus vivencias de la compleja situación de vida y fortalecer los conocimientos en el ámbito de la Enfermería. La formación holística y la base de conocimientos de la Enfermera, la capacita para trabajar en terapias de ayuda familiar y planificar intervenciones de Enfermería para mejorar la atención brindada a pacientes que sufren una enfermedad Oncológica Terminal y sobre todo, a los familiares con especial énfasis en los cuidadores principales, para promover el bienestar biopsicosocial y prevenir los trastornos en la salud mental de las personas que vivencian esta crisis. Además, es necesario que las Enfermeras actualicen sus conocimientos sobre los cambios en la estructura y dinámica familiar que se deriva de la situación irrecuperable que vive el familiar enfermo así mismo, es necesario motivar a los estudiantes de Enfermería a desempeñarse, actualizarse e investigar en el tema de la Tanatología. Finalmente, puedo concluir que el fenómeno en estudio fue develado y logré satisfacer mi inquietud a través del análisis de los discursos obtenidos, los temas más importantes que emergieron fueron: · Recordando el momento del diagnóstico. · Asumiendo el cuidado. · Afrontando la crisis situacional. · Reconociendo el significado de las redes de apoyo. · Perseverando en la esperanza. · Describiendo la crisis.To discover my restlessness about the experience of the Premature Bereavement of family caretakers of patients with Oncological Illness in Terminal Stage, I used the methodology that proposes the Qualitative Investigation of Phenomenological trajectory, the objective it was to understand their experiences of the complex situation of life and to strenghten the knowledge of Nursing science. The holistic formation and the base of knowledge of the Nurse, qualify her to work in therapies of family help and to plan Nursing interventions to improve the attention offered to patients that suffer a Terminal Oncological illness and mainly, to the relatives with special emphasis in the main caretakers, to promote the biopsychosocial well-being and to prevent the dysfunctions in the mental health of people that this crisis lives. Also, it is necessary that the Nurses upgrade their knowledge about the changes in the structure and family dynamics that he/she is derived of the unrecoverable situation that the sick relative lives likewise, it is necessary to motivate the students of Infirmary to act, to be upgraded and to investigate in the topic of the Thanatology. Finally, I can conclude that the phenomenon in study was declosed and I was able to satisfy my restlessness through the analysis of the obtained speeches, the most important topics that emerged were: · Remembering the moment of the diagnosis. · Assuming the care. · Confronting the situational crisis. · Recognizing the meaning of the support nets. · Persevering in the hope. · Describing the crisis

El significado del embarazo en mujeres que trabajan como asesoras del hogar.

Introduction: for most women pregnancy is a major, unique and unrepeatable, which contains a number of feelings that intertwine and overlap as perceived by each woman herself, perception is influenced by environmental conditions. It is therefore important to consider in this context, experiences regarding their work, which, no doubt, influence and develop her pregnancy. Objectives: unveiling the meaning of pregnancy in women who work as housemaid in a private home. Methodology: phenomenological study. The group of participants considered among postpartum women 3-6 months postpartum; data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews until saturation of the units of meaning, while the analysis, simultaneous collection process, will be done using the method of Colaizzi. Scientific and socio- sanitary relevance: little is known about the experience of pregnant women working as household advisors, therefore, research on this subject would be a contribution to knowledge in the area of women´s health. Through the results, it aims to improve the health care received by this population group, and impact on labor policies governing labor standards for this group of workers.Introducción: para la mayoría de las mujeres el embarazo constituye un momento trascendental, único e irrepetible, que encierra un sin número de sentimientos, que se entrelazan y superponen según la percepción de cada mujer sobre sí misma, percepción que se ve influenciada por las condiciones del entorno. Es por lo tanto importante considerar dentro de este contexto, las experiencias con respecto a su actividad laboral, que puede influir en ella y el desarrollo de la gestación. Objetivos: develar el significado del embarazo en mujeres que trabajan como asesoras del hogar en casa particulares. Metodología: estudio fenomenológico. El grupo de participantes considera mujeres puérperas entre 3 a 6 meses postparto; la recolección de los datos se realizará a través de la entrevista en profundidad hasta lograr la saturación de las unidades de significado, mientras que el análisis, proceso simultáneo a la recolección, se realizará utilizando el método de Colaizzi. Relevancia científica y socio-sanitaria: se conoce poco acerca de la experiencia de las gestantes que trabajan como asesoras del hogar, por lo tanto, una investigación sobre esta temática sería una contribución al conocimiento en el área de salud de la mujer. A través de los resultados, se pretende mejorar la atención de salud que recibe este grupo de la población, e impactar sobre las políticas laborales que rigen la normativa laboral de este grupo de trabajadoras