Reír es un asunto serio: La risoterapia en el manejo del dolor y el malestar psicológico

Tanto la población en edad pediátrica como en edad adulta experimentan dolor, lo genera malestar psicológico. La risoterapia, como terapia complementaria mente-cuerpo se ha utilizado a lo largo de la historia con el fin de obtener los beneficios fisiológicos y psicológicos que ofrece la risa. Sin embargo, muchos profesionales sanitarios han catalogado esta terapia como una intervención sin valor terapéutico. Esta revisión de la literatura pretende conocer los efectos de la risoterapia en el manejo del dolor y el malestar psicológico de la persona en edad pediátrica y adulta. Hemos llevado a cabo una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 10 años, en diferentes fuentes científicas, Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinhal, IME, Cochrane y Science Direct, utilizando las palabras clave laughter therapy, pain, anxiety, depression, child, pediatrics y adult. Posteriormente se ha realizado un análisis crítico de la literatura. Para dar respuesta al objetivo hemos seleccionado 18 artículos. Analizamos la categoría del dolor junto a otros indicadores fisiológicos como el cortisol y la función inmune. En las categorías psicológicas analizamos la ansiedad y depresión. Podemos afirmar el efecto positivo que ejerce la risoterapia en la disminución de la ansiedad de la persona en edad pediátrica y adulta. Del resto de categorías analizadas no se han obtenido resultados contundentes. Las intervenciones de risoterapia activa han sido más estudiadas frente a las pasivas, con resultados más favorables. Asimismo parece que los efectos obtenidos por la risoterapia pueden deberse a un aspecto puramente distractor. Son necesarios más estudios longitudinales para conocer la sostenibilidad de su efecto en el tiempo

Reír es un asunto serio: La risoterapia en el manejo del dolor y el malestar psicológico

Tanto la población en edad pediátrica como en edad adulta experimentan dolor, lo genera malestar psicológico. La risoterapia, como terapia complementaria mente-cuerpo se ha utilizado a lo largo de la historia con el fin de obtener los beneficios fisiológicos y psicológicos que ofrece la risa. Sin embargo, muchos profesionales sanitarios han catalogado esta terapia como una intervención sin valor terapéutico. Esta revisión de la literatura pretende conocer los efectos de la risoterapia en el manejo del dolor y el malestar psicológico de la persona en edad pediátrica y adulta. Hemos llevado a cabo una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 10 años, en diferentes fuentes científicas, Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinhal, IME, Cochrane y Science Direct, utilizando las palabras clave laughter therapy, pain, anxiety, depression, child, pediatrics y adult. Posteriormente se ha realizado un análisis crítico de la literatura. Para dar respuesta al objetivo hemos seleccionado 18 artículos. Analizamos la categoría del dolor junto a otros indicadores fisiológicos como el cortisol y la función inmune. En las categorías psicológicas analizamos la ansiedad y depresión. Podemos afirmar el efecto positivo que ejerce la risoterapia en la disminución de la ansiedad de la persona en edad pediátrica y adulta. Del resto de categorías analizadas no se han obtenido resultados contundentes. Las intervenciones de risoterapia activa han sido más estudiadas frente a las pasivas, con resultados más favorables. Asimismo parece que los efectos obtenidos por la risoterapia pueden deberse a un aspecto puramente distractor. Son necesarios más estudios longitudinales para conocer la sostenibilidad de su efecto en el tiempo

Las gramíneas en el ambiente Pirenaico-Cantábrico

6 páginas[FR] La vaste famille des graminées nous offre, dans le milieu pyrénéen, un large évcntail de stratégies adaptatives. Les formations actuelles, possédant de nombreuses endémiques que la montagne "garde", nous indique ces adaptations al'histoire géologique, aux changcmcnts climatiques, aI'activité des herbivores et, plus récernment, aux usages de la haute montagne que l'hornme a entrepris, La compréhension de ces faits nous permettra de mettre en place une gestion conservatoire de I'espace pyrénéen,[ES] La extensa familia de las gramíneas nos ofrece en el ámbito pirenaico un amplio abanico de estrategias adaptativas. Las actuales formaciones, con los numerosos endemismos que la montaña "guarda", nos habla de las adaptaciones a la historia geológica, a los cambios climáticos, a la actividad de los herbívoros que la habitan y, más recientemente, a los usos que de la alta montaña el hombre ha realizado. La comprensión de estos hechos, nos permitirá la futura programación en aras de la conservación del espacio pirenaico.[EN] Now the vast panorama offered by grasses in spanish mountains is magnificent ; these plants show many adaptations and sophistieate strategies to persist under heavy geophysical and animal depredation ; as the local climates are now very diversified, they were surely selective in quaternary times. The scientific knowledge of endemic plants (with many adaptative strains) will be useful to imagine plant evolution and also to improve mountain's management. The historícal man action (fires and heavy grazing) favorised sorne strains of the Festuca paniculata complex coming from their rclict areas.Peer reviewe

Physicochemical characteristics of sauce model systems: Influence of particle size and extruded flour source

Physically modified extruded flours are suitable ingredients for cold preparation of products such as creams and sauces. The rheological and textural properties and stability of model sauces prepared with wheat and rice extruded flours with three different particle size fractions were assessed. All tested sauces showed non-Newtonian, shear-thinning and thixotropic fluid characteristics. Sauces made with rice extruded flours, with lower protein and amylose contents, presented lower shear-thinning behaviour, consistency index and yield stress than wheat based sauces. Rice sauces also displayed a less compact microstructure and lower viscoelastic character but a higher resistance to freeze-thaw process. Regarding particle size, the finest flours showed lower values of consistency index, yield stress, and G' and G'' moduli but led to higher syneresis. Overall, results proved that pregelatinised extruded flours can be used in sauces applications without heating, but their properties greatly depend on the cereal type and its particle size.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project AGL2014-52928-C2

Safety of Food Oral Immunotherapy: What We Know, and What We Need to Learn.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy entails a risk of adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. This safety concern is the major barrier for OIT to become a therapeutic option in clinical practice. The high heterogeneity in safety reporting of OIT studies prevents setting the safety profile accurately. An international consensus is needed to facilitate the analysis of large pooled clinical data with homogeneous safety reporting, that together with integrated omics, and patients/families' opinions, may help stratify the patients' risk and needs, and help developing safe(r) individualized care pathways. This will give OIT the right place in the food allergy therapy

Extruded Maize Flour as Texturizing Agent in Acid-Unheated Skim Milk Gels

Starches have been used to improve the textural properties, substitute fats or increase satiety in yoghurts and acidified milk gels, however studies involving addition of flours are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of skim milk substitution by pregelatinized extruded maize flour on the acidification process (changes in pH and rheology), textural properties, syneresis and microstructure of acidified milk gels (15% w/w solids). To this end, pregelatinized flour was used to replace 17, 33 and 50% of the skim milk powder. A greater proportion of flour resulted in a faster acidification process and a higher pH at the gelation point, indicating a faster gelation. The substitution of milk by flour up to 33% increased the firmness and consistency of the set gel, but these changes were reversed with greater substitution levels due to the lack of a connected protein structure. In addition, a greater syneresis of the gels was observed as the milk content was reduced, an effect that was reversed by increasing the percentage of solids in the mixture.European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52928-C2

The Impact of Basil Seed Gum on Native and Pregelatinized Corn Flour and Starch Gel Properties

The effect of Basil Seed Gum (BSG) on native and pre-gelatinized corn starch and flour gels was evaluated. With this purpose, the hydration, pasting, rheological, textural and microstructural properties of the mixed gels were analyzed. Xanthan was used as a comparison, as it presents comparable high zero shear viscosity to BSG. The presence of BSG led to greater water binding capacity and greater water absorption index of the starch and flours compared to the free-gum systems. In general BSG substantially increased the peak and final viscosities of the pastes, also leading to a raise in the viscoelasticity (G’ and G”) and hardness of the final gels, native or treated (pregelatinized starch and extruded flour). A more opened microstructure—compared to a homogeneous and dense matrix of the control native starch gels— with strands and a spider-like network of BSG across the pockets was detected. On the other hand, xanthan showed the opposite effect, decreasing the peak and final viscosities of the native systems, delaying the gelatinization process, and also leading to weaker gels of reduced viscoelasticity with opened honeycomb-like microstructures. However, for pregelatinized flour and starch the effect of xanthan was minimal.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52928-C2-2-R) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER

Changes in brain activity related to episodic memory retrieval in adults with single domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment

The present fMRI study aimed to characterize the performance and the brain activity changes related to episodic memory retrieval in adults with single domain aMCI (sdaMCI), relative to cognitively unimpaired adults. Participants performed an old/new recognition memory task with words while BOLD signal was acquired. The sdaMCI group showed lower hits (correct recognition of old words), lower ability to discriminate old and new words, higher errors and longer reaction times for hits. This group also displayed brain hypoactivation in left precuneus and the left midcingulate cortex during the successful recognition of old words. These changes in brain activity suggest the presence of neural dysregulations in brain regions involved during successful episodic memory retrieval. Moreover, hypoactivation in these brain areas discriminated both groups with moderate sensitivity and specificity values, suggesting that it might constitute a potential neurocognitive biomarker of sdaMCIThis study was supported by grants from the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2014–55316-C3–3-R; PSI2017–89389-C2–2-R; PID2020–114521RB-C21/C22); and the Galician Government, Axudas para a Consolidación e Estruturación de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia: GRC (GI-1807-USC. Ref: ED431–2017/27; ED431C-2021/04. All with ERDF/FEDER fundsS

Spatiotemporal pattern of brain electrical activity related to immediate and delayed episodic memory retrieval

In the present study we used the event-related brain potentials (ERP) technique and eLORETA (exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) method in order to characterize and compare the performance and the spatiotemporal pattern of the brain electrical activity related to the immediate episodic retrieval of information (words) that is being learned relative to delayed episodic retrieval twenty-minutes later. For this purpose, 16 young participants carried out an old/new word recognition task with source memory (word colour). The task included an immediate memory phase (with three study-test blocks) followed (20 min later) by a delayed memory phase with one test block. The behavioural data showed progressive learning and consolidation of the information (old words) during the immediate memory phase. The ERP data to correctly identified old words for which the colour was subsequently recollected (H/H) compared to the correctly rejected new words (CR) showed: (1) a significant more positive-going potential in the 500–675 ms post-stimulus interval (parietal old/new effect, related to recollection), and (2) a more negative-going potential in the 950–1850 ms interval (LPN effect, related to retrieval and post-retrieval processes). The eLORETA data also revealed that the successful recognition of old words (and probably retrieval of their colour) was accompanied by activation of (1) left medial temporal (parahippocampal gyrus) and parietal regions involved in the recollection in both memory phases, and (2) prefrontal regions and the superior temporal gyrus (in the immediate and delayed memory phases respectively) involved in monitoring, evaluating and maintaining the retrieval products. These findings indicate that episodic memory retrieval depends on a network involving medial temporal lobe and frontal, parietal and temporal neocortical structures. That network was involved in immediate and delayed memory retrieval and during the course of memory consolidation, with greater activation of some nodes (mobilization of more processing resources) for the delayed respect to the immediate retrieval conditionThis study was supported by grants from the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2014-55316-C3-3-R; PSI2017-89389-C2-2-R), with FEDER Funds; the Galician Government, Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Axudas para a Consolidación e Estruturación de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia: GRC (GI-1807-USC); Ref: ED431-2017/27, with FEDER fundsS