An experience of education for participation

La participación social y ciudadana es una condición para el desarrollo de una democracia auténtica, de una democracia participativa que, a su vez, es necesaria para que se produzcan procesos profundos de cambio social, capaces de hacer posible una sociedad más justa, igualitaria y libre. Por eso surgieron, surgen y surgirán metodologías e iniciativas creativas que tratan de servir al desarrollo de esos procesos de empoderamiento ciudadano. Ese es, en buena parte, el sentido de metodologías como la Animación Sociocultural, el Desarrollo Comunitario o la Educación Popular. Y ese es el escenario metodológico en el que nace el Centro de Recursos para Asociaciones de Cádiz y la Bahía (CRAC en adelante), y en el que ha vivido ―y mutado― durante casi dos décadas.Social and civic participation is a condition for the development of an authentic democracy, of a participatory democracy that, in turn, is necessary for profound processes of social change to take place, capable of making possible a more just, egalitarian and free society. For this reason, creative methodologies and initiatives that try o be useful for the development of these processes of citizen empowerment that have emerged and will keep on emerging. That is, in good part, the sense of methodologies such as Sociocultural Animation, Community Development or Popular Education. And that is the methodological scenario in which the Resource Center for Associations of Cádiz and La Bahía (CRAC) was born, and in which it has lived -and mutated- for almost two decades

African swine fever virus infection in Classical swine fever subclinically infected wild boars

Recently moderate-virulence classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains have been proven capable of generating postnatal persistent infection (PI), defined by the maintenance of viremia and the inability to generate CSFV-specific immune responses in animals. These animals also showed a type I interferon blockade in the absence of clinical signs. In this study, we assessed the infection generated in 7-week-old CSFV PI wild boars after infection with the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The wild boars were divided in two groups and were infected with ASFV. Group A comprised boars who were CSFV PI in a subclinical form and Group B comprised pestivirus-free wild boars. Some relevant parameters related to CSFV replication and the immune response of CSFV PI animals were studied. Additionally, serum soluble factors such as IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and sCD163 were analysed before and after ASFV infection to assess their role in disease progression.This research was supported by grants AGL2013–48998 and AGL2015–66907 from the Spanish government. S.M and A.C ha

High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog

Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of D. minutus and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of D. minutus. We defined that clade as the D. minutus complex. The remaining lineages together with the D. minutus complex constitute the D. minutus species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the D. minutus species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the D. minutus complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km2. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km2 encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered

Encrucijadas en la acción voluntaria. Incertidumbres y retos

290 páginasPublicaciones de la Cátedra UNESCO Interculturalidad y Derechos Humanos. La acción voluntaria se ha consolidado en las últimas décadas como unas de las más relevantes formas de participación social y de presencia cívica de nuestra sociedad. El voluntariado ha ido conformándose de modo progresivo como un actor, cada vez más relevante, en el despliegue de un determinado modelo bienestar en el que el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles, ejercía de garante de un conjunto de derechos sociales y buscaba, en el desarrollo de los diferentes recursos, programas y acciones que permiten el ejercicio efectivo de éstos, la colaboración de la sociedad civil

Amphibians of the Neotropical Realm

Es la síntesis multiautoral más completa publicada hasta el moemnto sobre la situación de conservación de los anfibios de la Región Neotropical.Fil: Bolaños, Federico. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Castro Herrera, Fernando. Universidad del Valle; ColombiaFil: Cortez, Claudia. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: de la Riva, Ignacio María. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Grant, Taran. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Hedges, Blair. Temple University; Estados UnidosFil: Heyer, Ronald. Smithsonian Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Ibáñez, Roberto. Smithsonian Institution; Estados UnidosFil: La Marca, Enrique. Universidad de los Andes; VenezuelaFil: Lavilla, Esteban Orlando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Silvano, Debora Leite. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Lötters, Stefan. No especifíca;Fil: Parra Olea, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Ecologia. Departamento de Ecologia Funcional.; MéxicoFil: Reichle, Steffen. No especifíca;Fil: Reynolds, Robert. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Rodríguez, Lily. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Santos Barrera, Georgina. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Ecologia. Departamento de Ecologia Funcional.; MéxicoFil: Scott, Norman. University of New Mexico; Estados UnidosFil: Úbeda, Carmen A.. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Veloso, Alberto. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Wilkinson, Mark. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Young, Bruce. Still University of Health Sciences; Estados Unido

High levels of diversity uncovered in a widespread nominal taxon : continental phylogeography of the Neotropical tree frog Dendropsophus minutus

Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of D. minutus and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of D. minutus. We defined that clade as the D. minutus complex. The remaining lineages together with the D. minutus complex constitute the D. minutus species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the D. minutus species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the D. minutus complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km2. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km2 encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered