PERBANDINGAN TOTAL RENDEMEN DAN SKRINING ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) SECARA MIKRODILUSI

The optimization of extraction procces for Sirih Hijau leaves (Piper betle L.) have been attempted. The aim of the research was to knowing the influence and the ratio of total yield on two different methods, that was using maceration and reflux method and followed by microbial antibacterial by microdilution test to show the qualitative value of MIC percentage of Sirih Hijau leaves extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The analysis was conducted descriptively for subsequent use as a basis to determined MIC percentage quantitatively. The result of extraction with two methods showed that the highest yield was yielded in reflux process with 18.5% rendement value with the weight ratio of 1: 5 to the maceration process. Phytochemical screening shows the ethanol extract of Sirih Hijau leaves contains flavonoid, saponins, and tannins compounds that have activated as antibacterial. The results of microbial antibacterial testing showed MIC percentage in Staphylococcus aureus at 5% and Eschericia coli at 3%. The test results indicate that Sirih HIjau leaves (Piper betle L.) have potential as an antibacterial candidate.   Keyword : Sirih Hijau, reflux, maceration, antibacterial, microdilutio

Fractionation of metabolite compound from Medinilla speciosa and their antioxidant activities using ABTS.+ radical cation assay

Phenolic compounds are one of the main parts in secondary metabolites. Parijoto fruit is a family of Melastomataceae which contains flavonoids as phenolic compounds which are known to have antioxidant potential. Flavonoids have an-OH groups that play an active role as free radical scavengers. The study was conducted as initial screening in testing the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of the Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa). The study began with the phytochemical screening process using the Thin Layer Chromatography method to ensure the presence of flavonoid content in extracts and fractions of parijoto fruit, then proceed with the measurement of antioxidant power. Testing the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method (2,2 azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin) -6-sulfonic acid) which is specific, simple and easy to apply. Parijoto fruit extracts and fractions were made in a series of concentrations, measured antioxidant activity, and each IC50 value was determined. Phytochemical screening test results showed the presence of flavonoids in extracts and fractions of parijoto fruit. The results of measurements of antioxidant power in extracts and fractions of parijoto fruit gave IC50 values of 6,520 ppm in ethanol extracts with very strong antioxidant categories. The n-hexane fraction produced an IC50 value of 118,424 ppm with a moderate antioxidant category, while the IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions was 4,246 ppm and 3,874 ppm, respectively, with a very strong antioxidant category. The activity and value of IC50 produced by extracts and fractions of Parijoto fruits showed potential as a candidate of antioxidant.Keywords: ABTS, Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Medinilla speciosa, Phenoli

PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK DAUN RAMBAI LAUT DENGAN VARIASI PELARUT EKSTRAKSI (Sonneratia caseolaris L.)

 ABSTRAK Daun rambai laut (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) diketahui  mempunyai kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologis. Perbedaan jenis pelarut mempengaruhi kandungan metabolit skunder yang dihasilkan daun  rambai laut. Hal ini menunjukan membutuhkan pengendalian mutu kualitas simplisia dan jenis pelarut, sehingga bisa mendapatkan metabolite sekunder yang berkualitas/baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai rendemen dan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun rambai laut menggunakan variasi pelarut yaitu etanol 70%, etil asetat dan N-hexane. Daun rambai laut segar diperoleh dari kota semarang dengan spesifikasi daun yang berwarna hijau tua. Ekstraksi daun rambai laut dilakukan menggunakan metode sokhletasi dan dilanjutkan perhitungan rendemen. Ekstrak daun rambai laut didentifikasi secara kualitatif dan ditentukan kadar flavonoid totalnya. Pengujian flavonoid total secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil rendemen ekstrak daun rambai laut dengan menggunakan variasi pelarut yaitu ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 3.4%, ekstrak etil asetat 7.87% dan n-heksan 4.07%. Kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun rambai laut dengan menggunakan variasi pelarut adalah etanol 70% sebesar 64.05mgQE/g, etil asetat 164.50 mgQE/g dan n-heksan 141.97 mgQE/g. Ekstrak daun rambai laut terdapat pengaruh suatu perbedaan terhadap nilai rendemen dan kadar flavonoid total yang tertinggi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan etanol 70%.Kata Kunci    : Rambai Laut, Flavonoid, Etanol, Etil asetat, n-heksanÂ

PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK DAUN RAMBAI LAUT DENGAN VARIASI PELARUT EKSTRAKSI (Sonneratia caseolaris L.)

 ABSTRAK Daun rambai laut (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) diketahui  mempunyai kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologis. Perbedaan jenis pelarut mempengaruhi kandungan metabolit skunder yang dihasilkan daun  rambai laut. Hal ini menunjukan membutuhkan pengendalian mutu kualitas simplisia dan jenis pelarut, sehingga bisa mendapatkan metabolite sekunder yang berkualitas/baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai rendemen dan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun rambai laut menggunakan variasi pelarut yaitu etanol 70%, etil asetat dan N-hexane. Daun rambai laut segar diperoleh dari kota semarang dengan spesifikasi daun yang berwarna hijau tua. Ekstraksi daun rambai laut dilakukan menggunakan metode sokhletasi dan dilanjutkan perhitungan rendemen. Ekstrak daun rambai laut didentifikasi secara kualitatif dan ditentukan kadar flavonoid totalnya. Pengujian flavonoid total secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil rendemen ekstrak daun rambai laut dengan menggunakan variasi pelarut yaitu ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 3.4%, ekstrak etil asetat 7.87% dan n-heksan 4.07%. Kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun rambai laut dengan menggunakan variasi pelarut adalah etanol 70% sebesar 64.05mgQE/g, etil asetat 164.50 mgQE/g dan n-heksan 141.97 mgQE/g. Ekstrak daun rambai laut terdapat pengaruh suatu perbedaan terhadap nilai rendemen dan kadar flavonoid total yang tertinggi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan etanol 70%.Kata Kunci    : Rambai Laut, Flavonoid, Etanol, Etil asetat, n-heksan

Potensi Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa blume) sebagai Bahan Aktif Sedian Antioksidan Facial Wash Gel

Medinilla speciosa or Parijoto was contains flavonoid which known as a strong antioxidant compound so can be used as an active agent in cosmetic formulation. Antioxidant compounds have ability as free radicals scavenger. Facial wash gel cosmetic formulation are in great demand to clean facial skin to the maximum extent to the pores. The research aims to evaluate the physical stability and antioxidant activity using DPPH method with IC50 parameter. This research is an experimental post design research with maceration as extraction method. Concentration of parijoto fruit gel facial wash formulation were F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (1.5%). Physical stability test for 5 cycles of 10 days which includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, foam height test, and antioxidant activity evaluation using DPPH and quercetin as standart. The results of physical stability in the accelerated test for 10 days showed that the preparation was stable during storage (p-value>0.05). Antioxidant activity of Formula 1 (0.5%) obtained IC50 value of 155.32 ppm (very weak), Formula 2 (1%) obtained IC50 value of 137.79 (medium), and Formula 3 (1.5%) obtained IC50 value of 96.17 ppm (strong). The IC50 value of quercetin was obtained at 4.19 ppm (very strong), parijoto fruit extract at 33.13 ppm (very strong), and positive control (market product) at 37.18 ppm (very strong). Keywords : Antioxidant, Facial wash, Flavonoids, Gel, Parijoto, Stabilit

Penentuan Nilai Sun Protecting Factor (Spf) Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai Tabir Surya Alami

Skin cancer cases in Indonesia include health problems with a prevalence rate of 7%, and many chemical-based sunscreen preparations have many side effects, so solutions are needed to maximize the use of natural ingredients that have sunscreen activity through a purification process that aims to purify sample from impurities to effectively protect the skin from exposure to UV rays. The purpose of this study was to analyze the sunscreen activity of telang flower extract based on the effect of purification solvents. The research method used is an experimental laboratory with research samples namely telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). Telang flower was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent and purified using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and mixture as solvent. The three purified extracts were measured for absorbance using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 290-320nm to determine the SPF value. The highest SPF value for n-hexane purified extract at a concentration of 300 ppm was 9.36 maximum category, mixed purified extract concentration of 300 ppm was 8.59 maximum category, and ethyl acetate purified extract with 300 ppm concentration was 7.38 Extra category. The results of statistical analysis using the T-test showed a significant difference between the three purified extracts with a significance value of <0.05.ABSTRAKKasus kanker kulit di Indonesia termasuk masalah kesehatan dengan angka prevalensinya sebesar 7%, serta banyak sediaan tabir surya berbahan dasar kimia mempunyai banyak efek samping, sehingga dibutuhkan pemecahan solusi untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas tabir surya melalui proses purifikasi yang bertujuan untuk memurnikan suatu sampel dari pengotor sehingga efektif melindungi kulit dari paparan sinar UV. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak bunga telang berdasarkan pengaruh pelarut purifikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimental laboratorium dengan sampel penelitian yaitu bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Bunga telang diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan dipurifikasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan campuran. Ketiga ekstrak terpurifikasi diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 290-320nm untuk dapat ditentukan nilai SPF-nya. Nilai SPF tertinggi pada ekstrak terpurifikasi n-heksan pada konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 9,36 kategori maksimal, ekstrak terpurifikasi campuran konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 8,59 kategori maksimal, dan ekstrak terpurifikasi etil asetat konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 7,38 kategori Ekstra. Hasil analisis statistika menggunakan uji-T menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara ketiga ekstrak terpurifikai dengan nilai signifikansi <0,05

Nanoparticle from Medinilla speciosa with Various of Encapsulating Agent and Their Antioxidant Activities Using Ferric Reducing Assay

Antioxidants are agents that can reduce free radicals. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains flavonoids that could act as an antioxidant. However, those flavonoids are water-soluble and show low bioavailability. Nanotechnology is a potential approach to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids from Parijoto fruit. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of parijoto nanoparticles with variations of the chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulants. Secondary metabolites of parijoto fruit were using the maceration method. The synthesis of parijoto nanoparticles was conducted using the ionic gelation method with chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulation. Parijoto nanoparticle size and distribution were characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The formation of nanoparticles in colloids was determined as a percent. The antioxidant activity of nanoparticle was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Chitosan encapsulation produced nanoparticles with a size of 269.3 nm, pdI 0.372 and transmittance 99.379%. Alginate encapsulation produced a particle size of 366.4 nm, pdI 0.589 and transmittance 99.690%. The combination of chitosan/alginate encapsulants produced a particle size of 187.00 nm, pdI 0.239 and transmittance 99.894%. Parijoto nanoparticles obtained from chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulant showed strong antioxidant powers indicated by IC50 values 2.442±0.047 ppm, 3.175±0.169 ppm and 2.115±0.045 ppm, respectively. Altogether, our study shows that parijoto nanoparticles are potent as antioxidant agents.Keywords: Alginate, antioxidant, chitosan, FRAP, Medinilla speciosa, nanoparticl

Penentuan Nilai Sun Protecting Factor (Spf) Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai Tabir Surya Alami

Skin cancer cases in Indonesia include health problems with a prevalence rate of 7%, and many chemical-based sunscreen preparations have many side effects, so solutions are needed to maximize the use of natural ingredients that have sunscreen activity through a purification process that aims to purify sample from impurities to effectively protect the skin from exposure to UV rays. The purpose of this study was to analyze the sunscreen activity of telang flower extract based on the effect of purification solvents. The research method used is an experimental laboratory with research samples namely telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). Telang flower was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent and purified using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and mixture as solvent. The three purified extracts were measured for absorbance using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 290-320nm to determine the SPF value. The highest SPF value for n-hexane purified extract at a concentration of 300 ppm was 9.36 maximum category, mixed purified extract concentration of 300 ppm was 8.59 maximum category, and ethyl acetate purified extract with 300 ppm concentration was 7.38 Extra category. The results of statistical analysis using the T-test showed a significant difference between the three purified extracts with a significance value of &lt;0.05.ABSTRAKKasus kanker kulit di Indonesia termasuk masalah kesehatan dengan angka prevalensinya sebesar 7%, serta banyak sediaan tabir surya berbahan dasar kimia mempunyai banyak efek samping, sehingga dibutuhkan pemecahan solusi untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas tabir surya melalui proses purifikasi yang bertujuan untuk memurnikan suatu sampel dari pengotor sehingga efektif melindungi kulit dari paparan sinar UV. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak bunga telang berdasarkan pengaruh pelarut purifikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimental laboratorium dengan sampel penelitian yaitu bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Bunga telang diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan dipurifikasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan campuran. Ketiga ekstrak terpurifikasi diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 290-320nm untuk dapat ditentukan nilai SPF-nya. Nilai SPF tertinggi pada ekstrak terpurifikasi n-heksan pada konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 9,36 kategori maksimal, ekstrak terpurifikasi campuran konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 8,59 kategori maksimal, dan ekstrak terpurifikasi etil asetat konsentrasi 300 ppm sebesar 7,38 kategori Ekstra. Hasil analisis statistika menggunakan uji-T menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara ketiga ekstrak terpurifikai dengan nilai signifikansi &lt;0,05

Alginate-Based Nanoencapsulation on Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Parijoto Fruit (Medinilla Speciosa Blume) and Its Antioxidant Activity

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) has very strong antioxidant activity, but the bioavailability was low. Therefore, Parijoto should be formed into a nanoparticle. The research aimed to determine the characterization and IC₅₀ value of nanoencapsulated Parijoto. Encapsulation was done using ionic gelation with alginate: CaCl₂ ratio 0.05%:0.05% (b/v). The ultrasonication was modified by a variation in frequency and sonication time. The characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using PSA to show the particle size and polydispersity index (pdI), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to show the percent of transmittance. The antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP assay. The characterization of pre-sonicated nanoextract was 265 nm of particle size, 0,472 of PdI, and 98,29% of transmittance. The best condition of sonication effect is given from 45 Hz of frequency and 15 minutes in time. The lower particle size from sonicated nanoextract was 218 nm, 0,415 of PdI, 99,56% percent of transmittance, and IC50 value obtained 1.696±0,014 ppm with a very strong category

Alginate-Based Nanoencapsulation on Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Parijoto Fruit (Medinilla Speciosa Blume) and Its Antioxidant Activity

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) has very strong antioxidant activity, but the bioavailability was low. Therefore, Parijoto should be formed into a nanoparticle. The research aimed to determine the characterization and IC₅₀ value of nanoencapsulated Parijoto. Encapsulation was done using ionic gelation with alginate: CaCl₂ ratio 0.05%:0.05% (b/v). The ultrasonication was modified by a variation in frequency and sonication time. The characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using PSA to show the particle size and polydispersity index (pdI), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to show the percent of transmittance. The antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP assay. The characterization of pre-sonicated nanoextract was 265 nm of particle size, 0,472 of PdI, and 98,29% of transmittance. The best condition of sonication effect is given from 45 Hz of frequency and 15 minutes in time. The lower particle size from sonicated nanoextract was 218 nm, 0,415 of PdI, 99,56% percent of transmittance, and IC50 value obtained 1.696±0,014 ppm with a very strong category