Finansielle kontrakter i norske såkornfond : en empirisk analyse

Vi har i vår oppgave sett på kontrakter i såkornfond og sammenlignet disse med kontrakter i Venturekapitalfond. Vi har sett på dette i lys av prinsipal-agent teori, Miller og Modiligianis teori om kapitalstruktur og hold-up teori. Resultatene vi har funnet har vi vurdert opp mot resultater Kaplan og Strømberg (2003) fant for VC markedet i USA, og resultater Bienz og Walz (2005) fant for markedet i Tyskland. Vi har i oppgaven sett at det er mange av de samme problemene såkorn og VC står overfor, men grunnet at såkornfondenes porteføljebedrifter er svært unge og det er stor risiko knyttet til investeringer i disse selskapene, så løser de enkelte av disse problemene på forskjellig måte. Spesielt måten fondene finansierer selskapene på er svært forskjellig fra såkorn til VC. Måten såkorn velger å fokusere på det mulige oppsidepotensialet i en investering med opsjoner i stede for å sikre nedsiden skiller også såkorn fra VC

Maximum Entropy COICOP Classification using Entity Forest

This thesis proposes a generative approach to COICOP classification using entity resolution and maximum entropy classification as a formal framework. The current limitations in COICOP classification are related to the corpus of item descriptions and lack of data. I propose a new perspective on the classification task at hand, as I argue that the underlying problem in classification is the data itself. Therefore, corpus and feature engineering are crucial when improving classification. The proposed approach aims to engineer the corpus to construct an entity forest from the item descriptions, where terms in the description are mapped to the roots and branches of trees in the entity forest. The results of the proposed approach are illustrated by a proof-of-concept with data from Statistics Norway. This thesis provides insight into the problems with previous approaches to COICOP classification and shows how we potentially can achieve true resolution and more accurate classification

Fleet-Oriented Spare Parts Management - Philosophy, work processes and scientific methods for spare parts management

There are 22 construction support vessels in the DOF Group that have active heave compensated cranes with lifting capacity of above 50 tonnes. The Brazilian flagged Skandi Salvador was chosen to represent the fleet in terms of specifications, since she was close to the average numbers for size, age and capacity. She has a NOV crane with SWL of 140 t. There are two main types of maintenance; preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance. Fault distributions can be used to evaluate which type of maintenance that should be performed, and in which intervals. Maintenance management should be a process of continuous improvement, with focus on planning, execution, reporting and analysis in order to establish and revise resource needs, goals and requirements, and the maintenance program itself. Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Risk Based Inspection (RBI) are useful methods to establish an optimal maintenance and inspection program, based on functional demands, functional faults, and prevention of these functional faults. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) concept and the ?Newsboy? model are mathematical decision models that can be used to decide number of spares to be ordered, order point, safety level, and investments in capital spare parts. Seven areas of improvement for the maintenance practice in the DOF Group were proposed: 1. Informal experience to be made formal. 2. Formalize the maintenance management processes. 3. Introduce scientific methods like Reliability Centered Maintenance and Risk Based Inspection to establish maintenance program. 4. Introduce scientific methods for spare parts management. 5. Introduce a fleet-oriented philosophy for all aspects of the maintenance practice, especially for spare parts management. 6. Bring the users closer to decisions regarding the MMS 7. Increase practical usability of critical equipment classification. The main objective of spare parts management is to find the optimal numbers, types and locations for spare parts needed to perform the desired tasks with as high uptime as possible. In effect, to have spare parts available when they are needed, but to avoid stocking spare parts that are not needed. At the heart of the proposed spare parts management philosophy lie fleet orientation, formalization, and scientific methods. A spare part evaluation work process is proposed, consisting of 6 phases: 1. Basic input. Where the actor responsible collects the data necessary for making the evaluation. 2. Spare part categorization. The spare parts are categorized in three categories, based on given criteria. 3. Risk assessment. A consequence classification is carried out to decide the desired probability of having a spare available during procurement lead time for operational spares and consumables. 4. Decision tools. Two different decision tools are utilized to make optimal decisions for the spare parts considered. 5. Output. The decisions are summarized and carried out. Information related to the capital spare parts decisions are entered into a newly established capital spare parts experience register. 6. MMS. The results from the spare part evaluations are inserted in the maintenance management system. An important part of the proposed spare parts management philosophy is the ability to make optimal decisions in changing environments. If the evaluation process is not dynamic, the actors responsible will soon revert to the former, subjective methods for making decisions. So, whenever a change in the operation of a vessel is planned or registered, the project/vessel manager should ask himself how this change might affect the input parameters of the decision tools. This forms the basis for the proposed dynamic spare part evaluation work process. The decision tool for capital spares is built around the relation between the expected cost of holding a spare part and not needing it, versus the expected cost of not having it when you need it. When basing the evaluation on significantly lower delivery times than estimated by the manufacturer, the optimal capital spare parts investment decisions for the offshore crane on Skandi Salvador were to purchase all the recommended parts, except the largest crane wire. Using the estimated delivery times from the manufacturer, the optimal decisions were clearly to purchase all the recommended spare parts. At the delivery time of Skandi Salvador, the DOF Group chose to only purchase four of the items on the list of recommended capital spare parts. The capital spare parts investment decisions taken by the DOF Group at the delivery time of the vessel are therefore considered sub-optimal compared to the findings in this thesis, and the DOF Group is advised to purchase the remaining capital spare parts on the list of recommended spare parts. The decision tool for operational spares and consumables finds the optimal order quantity, order point and safety stock. An important input parameter is the desired probability of having enough spare during procurement lead time. This parameter is set based on the consequence classification for the part. The decision tool was used to make decisions for optimal order quantity, order point and safety stock for a list of recommended spare parts for the offshore crane on Skandi Salvador

Samvittighetsstress og utbrenthet i hjemmesykepleien. En tverrsnitts-studie.

Bakgrunn: Hjemmesykepleie er en døgnkontinuerlig og gratis tjeneste. Den skal være trygg, sikker og preget av kontinuitet. Spesialisthelsetjenesten skriver ut pasienter tidlig og dette kan føre til et økende behov for denne tjeneste i årene som kommer. Hensikt: Studiens hensikt er å få kunnskap om sykepleiere i hjemmesykepleien påvirkes av samvittighetsstress og om det kan være en sammenheng mellom samvittighetsstress og utbrenthet i hjemmesykepleien. Metode: Dette er en tverrsnitts-studie basert på to spørreskjemaer og ble utført våren 2019. Statistisk analyse utført med IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows. Deltagere: Sykepleiere med mer enn et års erfaring i hjemmesykepleien. 139 spørreskjema ble delt ut og 53 svar returnert, akseptert svarprosent 33,8. Resultat: Sykepleierne opplever lav grad av samvittighetsstress, men en høyere grad av utbrenthet. Sykepleierne distriktskommunene er signifikant mer utbrent enn sykepleierne i bykommunene. Faktorer som påvirke sykepleierne i høy grad er konflikten familieliv og jobb, mangel på tid til å utføre nødvendig pleie og uforenlige krav i jobben. Konklusjon: Sykepleierne i hjemmesykepleien opplever liten til moderat grad av samvittighetsstress, men selv lav grad av samvittighetsstress ser ut til å føre til utbrenthet og tanken på om å slutte i jobben. Dette kan på sikt få store konsekvenser for distriktene da det var en signifikant høyere andel av utbrenthet i distriktet enn i bykommunene.Background: Home health care is a 24h free of charge service. It's supposed to be safe, secure characterized by continuity. Hospitals discharge patients early, which can cause an increased need for home health care in the years to come. Aim: The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about the nurses' in-home health care and if they are affected by stress of conscience and if there is a correlation between the stress of conscience and burnout in-home health care. Method: Cross-sectional study based on two questionnaires performed during spring 2019. Statistical analyses by IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows. Participants: Nurses with more than one year of experience in home health care. One hundred thirty-nine questionnaires were handed out, 53 were returned, accepted response rate 33,8% Result: The nurses experiences some level of stress of conscience but a higher level of burnout. The nurses in the district municipalities were significantly more affected by burnout than the nurses in the city municipalities. The factors that affect the nurses the most are the conflict family-work, lack of time to provide less than optimal care, and incompatible demands in their work. Conclusion: The nurses' in-home health care is a little to moderate affected by stress of conscience. It seems that even a low grade of the stress of conscience causes burnout and thinking about quitting their job. This can severely affect the district municipalities since the nurses there were significantly more affected by burnout than the nurses in the city municipalities

Fight or flight - subjektiv livskvalitet og syn på samfunnsutvikling under ekstrem luftforurensing i Beijing

Masteroppgave i økologisk økonomi (MBA) - Nord universitet, 201

Bruk av Maskinlæring for Deteksjon og Parameterestimering av Z’-partikkelen ved LHC - Analyse basert på ATLAS’ Simulerte Kollisjonsdata (HVL)

Bacheloroppgave i ingeniørfag, Data. Fakultet for teknologi, miljø- og samfunnsvitskap/ Institutt for datateknologi, elektroteknologi og realfag/ Høgskulen på Vestlandet.DAT19

Avaliação e perspectivas da abordagem à conservação do patrimônio organístico no Brasil

Órgãos de tubos são construídos no Brasil, ou importados do exterior, desde as primeiras décadas do período colonial. Estes instrumentos, apesar de constituírem um conjunto relativamente exíguo, representam um testemunho histórico e musical de valor inestimável. No entanto, de um modo geral, encontram-se em condições precárias de funcionamento e, em parte, mais ou menos descaracterizados profundamente, quanto à sua estrutura e configuração original, às vezes em estado de abandono e, por incrível que pareça, ainda sujeitos ao risco de intervenções arbitrárias e desprovidas de bases técnicas e de preocupação histórica e musicológica. Neste artigo, busca-se percorrer o caminho que levou à atual situação e discutem-se os princípios e os critérios de processos de recuperação, manutenção e conservação preventiva desse patrimônio, partindo dos pressupostos do respeito à sua originalidade e do direito a restauros segundo os rigorosos cânones já definidos para objetos com plena condição de bem cultural, cujo reconhecimento para os órgãos de qualquer época deve ser urgentemente garantido.Pipe organs have been built in Brazil or imported from elsewhere since the very first decades of the colonial period. Albeit relatively small in number, such instruments have inestimable historical and musical value. Notwithstanding, they are generally in very poor working condition and some have lost much of their original structure and configuration; they are often found in a state of abandonment and, incredible as it may seem, still under the threat of arbitrary interventions performed with no technical expertise or any concern for their historical and musicological significance. This article is an effort to understand how this state of affairs came to be, and discusses principles and criteria for the restoration, maintenance and preventive conservation of this legacy, based on assumptions regarding its original conditions and entitlement to restoration in accordance with the stringent standards already set for artifacts that enjoy the full status of cultural assets, which should also be urgently granted to pipe organs of any time and age

Hvordan kan ergoterapeuter arbeide med, og øke forståelsen for søvn, sett i lys av aktivitetsbalanse?

Søvnproblemer er en av landets mest utbredte og undervurderte folkehelseproblem. Antall personer som lider av søvnvansker har økt de siste årene. Innen ergoterapi har flere studier fokusert på aktivitetsbalanse, mens få har undersøkt sammenhengen mellom søvnkvalitet, aktivitetsbalanse og deltagelse i hverdagslivet. Formålet med oppgaven er å undersøke hva litteraturen sier om søvn i et aktivitetsperspektiv, søvn sett opp mot aktivitetsbalanse og ergoterapeuters rolle i møte med søvnproblemer. For å se på dette ble litteraturstudie som metode tatt i bruk. Litteratursøkene ble systematisk gjennomført, og fem artikler ble inkludert i studien. Søvn blir sett på som et primært biologisk domene, og et aktivitetsbehov. Ettersom søvn er en forutsetning for å komme seg etter daglige opplevelser, betraktes søvn som et eget fagfelt innen ergoterapi. Søvn som aktivitet har potensialet og evnen til å påvirke ikke bare aktiviteter relatert til søvn, men også deltakelse i dagliglivet. Søvn er et fagfelt som kan ha nytte av ergoterapeutisk kompetanse. Det er viktig å inneha kunnskap om søvn og intervensjonsmetoder for å være forberedt på møte med søvnproblematikk i praksis. Det er behov for å utvikle et standardisert ergoterapeutisk kartleggingsverktøy for søvn, for å styrke ergoterapeuters rolle på fagområdet. I mellomtiden kan standardiserte verktøy fra andre helsefaglige profesjoner ha en overføringsverdi til dagens praksis. Det er et tydelig behov for videre forskning på søvn som et aktivitetsperspektiv, og implementere undervisning om søvn, samt ulike intervensjonsmetoder for å fremme helse, livskvalitet og deltagelse. Nøkkelord: søvn, ergoterapi, aktivitetsbalanse, aktivitetsvitenskap

High-quality dense 3D point clouds with active stereo and a miniaturizable interferometric pattern projector

We have built and characterized a compact, simple and flexible 3D camera based on interferometric fringe projection and stereo reconstruction. The camera uses multi-frame active stereo as basis for 3D reconstruction, providing full-field 3D images with 3D measurement standard deviation of 0.09 mm, 12.5 Hz 3D image capture rate and 3D image resolution of 500 × 500 pixels. Interferometric projection enables a compact, low-power projector that consumes < 1 W of electrical power. The key component in the projector, a movable micromirror, has undergone initial vibration, thermal vacuum cycling (TVAC) and radiation testing, with no observed component degradation. The system's low power, small size and component longevity makes it well suitable for space applications.publishedVersio