796 research outputs found
Angular Lens
We propose a single phase-only optical element that transforms different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes into localized spots at separated angular positions on a transverse plane. We refer to this element as an angular lens since it separates out OAM modes in a manner analogous to how a converging lens separates out transverse wave-vector modes at the focal plane. We also simulate the proposed angular lens using a spatial light modulator and experimentally demonstrate its working. Our work can have important implications for OAM-based classical and quantum communication applications
All-optical single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit
The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run
into significant I/O restrictions due to the need for large-scale error
correction in a cryogenic environment. Classical data centers rely on
fiber-optic interconnects to remove similar networking bottlenecks and to allow
for reconfigurable, software-defined infrastructures. In the same spirit,
ultra-cold electro-optic links have been proposed and used to generate qubit
control signals, or to replace cryogenic readout electronics. So far, the
latter suffered from either low efficiency, low bandwidth and the need for
additional microwave drives, or breaking of Cooper pairs and qubit states. In
this work we realize electro-optic microwave photonics at millikelvin
temperatures to implement a radio-over-fiber qubit readout that does not
require any active or passive cryogenic microwave equipment. We demonstrate
all-optical single-shot-readout by means of the Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearity in
a circulator-free readout scheme. Importantly, we do not observe any direct
radiation impact on the qubit state as verified with high-fidelity
quantum-non-demolition measurements despite the absence of shielding elements.
This compatibility between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength
light is not only a prerequisite to establish modular quantum networks, it is
also relevant for multiplexed readout of superconducting photon detectors and
classical superconducting logic. Moreover, this experiment showcases the
potential of electro-optic radiometry in harsh environments - an
electronics-free sensing principle that extends into the THz regime with
applications in radio astronomy, planetary missions and earth observation
On designing light-weight object trackers through network pruning: Use CNNs or transformers?
Object trackers deployed on low-power devices need to be light-weight,
however, most of the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods rely on using
compute-heavy backbones built using CNNs or transformers. Large sizes of such
models do not allow their deployment in low-power conditions and designing
compressed variants of large tracking models is of great importance. This paper
demonstrates how highly compressed light-weight object trackers can be designed
using neural architectural pruning of large CNN and transformer based trackers.
Further, a comparative study on architectural choices best suited to design
light-weight trackers is provided. A comparison between SOTA trackers using
CNNs, transformers as well as the combination of the two is presented to study
their stability at various compression ratios. Finally results for extreme
pruning scenarios going as low as 1% in some cases are shown to study the
limits of network pruning in object tracking. This work provides deeper
insights into designing highly efficient trackers from existing SOTA methods.Comment: Submitted at IEEE ICASSP 202
Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface
Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requiresâ<â1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02â0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02â0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago
SN 2018gj: A Short-plateau Type II Supernova with Persistent Blue-shifted H-alpha Emission
We present an extensive, panchromatic photometric (UV, Optical, and NIR) and
low-resolution optical spectroscopic coverage of a Type IIP supernova SN 2018gj
that occurred on the outskirts of the host galaxy NGC 6217. From the V-band
light curve, we estimate the plateau length to be ~ 70 +- 2 d, placing it among
the very few well-sampled short plateau supernovae (SNe). With V-band peak
absolute magnitude Mv < -17.0 +- 0.1 mag, it falls in the middle of the
luminosity distribution of the Type II SNe. The colour evolution is typical to
other Type II SNe except for an early elbow-like feature in the evolution of
V-R colour owing to its early transition from the plateau to the nebular phase.
Using the expanding photospheric method, we present an independent estimate of
the distance to SN 2018gj. We report the spectral evolution to be typical of a
Type II SNe. However, we see a persistent blue shift in emission lines until
the late nebular phase, not ordinarily observed in Type II SNe. The amount of
radioactive nickel (56Ni) yield in the explosion was estimated to be 0.026 +-
0.007 Msol. We infer from semi-analytical modelling, nebular spectrum, and 1-D
hydrodynamical modelling that the probable progenitor was a red supergiant with
a zero-age-main-sequence mass < 13 Msol. In the simulated hydrodynamical model
light curves, reproducing the early optical bolometric light curve required an
additional radiation source, which could be the interaction with the proximal
circumstellar matter (CSM).Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (31 pages, 23 figures and 7 tables
Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Observations of SN 2023ixf: A high energy explosion engulfed in complex circumstellar material
We present early-phase panchromatic photometric and spectroscopic coverage
spanning far-ultraviolet (FUV) to the near-infrared (NIR) regime of the nearest
hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova in the last 25 years, SN~2023ixf. We
observe early `flash' features in the optical spectra due to a confined dense
circumstellar material (CSM). We observe high-ionization absorption lines Fe
II, Mg II in the ultraviolet spectra from very early on. We also observe a
multi-peaked emission profile of H-alpha in the spectrum beginning ~16 d, which
indicates ongoing interaction of the SN ejecta with a pre-existing shell-shaped
CSM having an inner radius of ~ 75 AU and an outer radius of ~140 AU. The
shell-shaped CSM is likely a result of enhanced mass loss ~ 35 - 65 years
before the explosion assuming a standard Red-Supergiant wind. Spectral modeling
of the FUV, NUV, and the optical spectra during 9-12 d, using the radiative
transfer spectrum synthesis code TARDIS indicates that the supernova ejecta
could be well represented by a progenitor elemental composition greater than
solar abundances. Based on early light curve models of Type II SNe, we infer
that the nearby dense CSM confined to ~7+-3e14~cm(~45 AU) is a result of
enhanced mass loss ~1e-(3.0+-0.5) Msol/yr two decades before the explosion.Comment: Submitted to AAS Journals, 4 figures, 2 table
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV
A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe
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