Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale, 1984-1985

Annual Report 1984-1985 (Covering the twenty-seventh year of research)https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/wolf-annualreports/1036/thumbnail.jp

Differences in Geometric Assumptions

Several books on Foundations of Geometry and NonEuclidean Geometry were examined . Those that gave a complete set of assumptions were given special attention. The sets appeared to be different . They were examined to see why they were different and if one could be said to be better than another . A composi te set of assumptions with a discussion of each one was presented. Although the assumptions appear different, and some cannot be checked directly against others, they must be assumed to be eqivalent because they lead to the same theorems . No basis was found for saying t hat any particular set wns better than the others. The different sets seems to be the results each author's attempt to improve some existing set. That is each author had corrected an error or changed something that he did not like in an existing set to get his set. Some authors stated that thejr set was a combinati on of t wo or more sets . The biggest di fference i s in the assumption that assign a metri c property to geometry. That is most of the sets contain the same or equivalent assumptions except for the metric assumptions . The whole argument seems to be the result of a search for elegance instead of simplicity. Until a better set is written students must continue t o use and study the existing sets . The set of assumptions presented in this paper would be an aid to studying the nature of assumptions.Natural Scienc

Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale, 1983-1984

Annual Report 1983-1984 (Covering the twenty-sixth year of research)https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/wolf-annualreports/1037/thumbnail.jp

Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale, 1982-1983

Annual Report 1982-1983 (Covering the twenty-fifth year of research)https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/wolf-annualreports/1038/thumbnail.jp

Rates of agonism among female primates: a cross-taxon perspective

Agonism is common in group-living animals, shaping dominance relationships and ultimately impacting individual tness. Rates of agonism vary considerably among taxa, however, and explaining this variation has been central in ecological models of female social relationships in primates. Early iterations of these models posited a link to diet, with more frequent agonism predicted in frugivorous species due to the presumed greater contestability of fruits relative to other food types. Although some more recent studies have suggested that dietary categories may be poor predictors of contest competition among primates, to date there have been no broad, cross-taxa comparisons of rates of female–female agonism in relation to diet. This study tests whether dietary variables do indeed pre- dict rates of female agonism and further investigates the role of group size (i.e., number of competitors) and substrate use (i.e., degree of arboreality) on the frequency of agonism. Data from 44 wild, unprovisioned groups, including 3 strepsirhine species, 3 platyrrhines, 5 colobines, 10 cercopithecines, and 2 hominoids were analyzed using phylogenetically controlled and uncontrolled methods. Results indicate that diet does not predict agonistic rates, with trends actually being in the opposite direction than predicted for all taxa except cercopithecines. In contrast, agonistic rates are positively associated with group size and possibly degree of terrestriality. Competitor density and perhaps the risk of ghting, thus, appear more important than general diet in predicting agonism among female primates. We discuss the implications of these results for socio-ecological hypotheses

Thermal constraints and optimization of winter feeding and habitat choice in white-tailed deer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72577/1/j.1600-0587.1991.tb00640.x.pd

Evaluation of experimental genetic management in reintroduced bighorn sheep

Positive demographic responses have been reported in several species where the immigration or supplementation of genetically distinct individuals into wild populations has resulted in a genetic rescue effect. However, rarely have researchers incorporated what could be considerable risk of outbreeding depression into planning for genetic management programs. We assess the genetic effects of an experiment in genetic management involving replicate populations of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) in Oregon, USA, which previously experienced poor productivity and numerical declines. In the experiment, two declining populations were supplemented with ewes from a more genetically diverse population of California bighorn sheep in Nevada. We incorporated analysis of genetic samples representing both experimental populations prior to supplementation, samples from the supplemented individuals, and samples collected from both experimental populations approximately one generation after supplementation. We used genetic analyses to assess the integration of supplemented and resident populations by identifying interpopulation hybrids. Further, we incorporated demographic simulations to assess the risk of outbreeding depression as a result of the experimental augmentation. Finally, we used data from microsatellites and mitochondrial sequences to determine if genetic management increased genetic diversity in the experimental populations. Our analyses demonstrated the success of genetic management by documenting interpopulation hybrids, identifying no evidence for outbreeding depression as a result of contact between the genetically distinct supplemented and resident populations, and by identifying increased population-level metrics of genetic diversity in postsupplementation populations compared with presupplementation levels

Artist-teachers In Universities: Studies In Role Integration.

PhDHigher educationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/187812/2/7311243.pd