Els barris de Palma i la xarxa municipal de transport col·lectiu urbà

Abstract not availabl

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario de susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras ante el cribado con mamografía

ResumenObjetivosAdaptar una «escala de creencias» sobre el cáncer de mama al castellano, evaluando su validez y reproducibilidad.MétodosValidación de una escala de 3 dimensiones –susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras– con respuestas tipo Likert, en un estudio de casos y controles, donde los casos eran las mujeres no participantes en un programa de cribado de cáncer de mama y los controles las participantes. Se realizó un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción y un comité técnico analizó las discrepancias. Se pilotó la comprensión en 17 mujeres. Participaron en el estudio 274 mujeres y a 32 de ellas se les repitió el cuestionario en el intervalo de un mes para valorar la reproducibilidad.ResultadosEl coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,89, 0,70 y 0,90, y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,71, 0,48 y 0,57 para susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras, respectivamente. Respecto a la validez de constructo, del análisis factorial exploratorio se extrajeron 3 factores, lo que explicaba un 34% de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio señala un ajuste al límite de los datos al modelo teórico. Las mujeres de más edad perciben menos susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama y declaran más barreras para hacerse una mamografía. Las de menor nivel de estudios perciben más barreras. La escala no ha mostrado su capacidad para predecir la participación en el programa.ConclusionesLa escala presenta problemas de validez y homogeneidad. Las dimensiones de beneficios y barreras necesitan un proceso de adaptación y validación profunda para su utilización.AbstractObjectivesTo adapt the «health belief model» on breast cancer screening to Spanish, and to asses its validity and reliability.MethodsWe assessed validation of a scale with 3 dimensions (susceptibility, benefits and barriers) with Likert responses in a case-control study. Cases were women not participating in a breast cancer screening program and controls consisted of participating women. A process of translation and back-translation was carried out and a technical committee analyzed discrepancies. Comprehension was tested in 17 women. Two hundred seventy-four women participated in the study. In 32 of these women, the questionnaire was administered twice after a 1-month interval to estimate its reliability.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.89, 0.70 and 0.90, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71, 0.48 and 0.57 for susceptibility, benefits and barriers, respectively. Construct validity: from the factorial analysis, 3 factors were obtained explaining 34% of the variance. The confirmatory factorial analysis indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit of the data to the theoretical model. Older women perceived less susceptibility to breast cancer as well as greater barriers to attending screening. Women with a lower educational level perceived greater barriers. The scale did not seem to predict adherence to the program.ConclusionsThe adapted scale presents problems of validity and internal consistency. The dimensions of benefits and barriers require thorough adaptation and validation before the scale is used in Spanish women

Effect of the comprehensive smoke-free law on time trends in smoking behaviour in primary healthcare patients in Spain: a longitudinal observational study

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. Design: Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013. Setting: 66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants: Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. Primary and secondary outcomes measures: Quarterly age-standardised prevalence of non-smoker, smoker and ex-smoker and incidence of new smoker, new ex-smoker and ex-smoker relapse rates were estimated with data retrieved from PHC electronic health records. Joinpoint analysis was used to analyse the trends of age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates. Trends were expressed as annual percentage change and average annual percent change. Results: The overall standardised smoker prevalence rate showed a significant downward trend (higher in men than women) and the overall standardised ex-smoker prevalence rate showed a significant increased trend (higher in women than men) in the three regions. Standardised smoker and ex-smoker prevalence rates were higher for men than women in all regions. With regard to overall trends of incidence rates, new smokers decreased significantly in Catalonia and Navarre and similarly in men and women, new ex-smokers decreased significantly and more in men in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, and ex-smoker relapse increased in Catalonia (particularly in women) and decreased in Navarre. Conclusions: Trends in smoking behaviour in PHC patients remain unchanged after the implementation of comprehensive SFL. The impact of the comprehensive SFL might have been lessened by the effect of the preceding partial SFL

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario de susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras ante el cribado con mamografía

Objetivos: Adaptar una «escala de creencias» sobre el cáncer de mama al castellano, evaluando su validez y reproducibilidad. Métodos: Validación de una escala de 3 dimensiones -susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras- con respuestas tipo Likert, en un estudio de casos y controles, donde los casos eran las mujeres no participantes en un programa de cribado de cáncer de mama y los controles las participantes. Se realizó un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción y un comité técnico analizó las discrepancias. Se pilotó la comprensión en 17 mujeres. Participaron en el estudio 274 mujeres y a 32 de ellas se les repitió el cuestionario en el intervalo de un mes para valorar la reproducibilidad. Resultados: El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,89, 0,70 y 0,90, y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,71, 0,48 y 0,57 para susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras, respectivamente. Respecto a la validez de constructo, del análisis factorial exploratorio se extrajeron 3 factores, lo que explicaba un 34% de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio señala un ajuste al límite de los datos al modelo teórico. Las mujeres de más edad perciben menos susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama y declaran más barreras para hacerse una mamografía. Las de menor nivel de estudios perciben más barreras. La escala no ha mostrado su capacidad para predecir la participación en el programa. Conclusiones: La escala presenta problemas de validez y homogeneidad. Las dimensiones de beneficios y barreras necesitan un proceso de adaptación y validación profunda para su utilización

What is a grand slam?

Comunicaciones. Área tématica 2: El aprendizaje cooperativo en la enseñanza del deporte.[ES] Es una caja de aprendizaje pensada para provocar una serie de conductas en nuestro alumnado: Ser capaces de tomar decisiones individuales y grupales, fruto de la reflexión personal, del debate entre iguales y la propuesta y escucha de ideas propias y de los demás. Ejecutar diferentes retos para ser más autónomos y concienciarse de que son ellos los responsables de su aprendizaje. A nivel motriz, el uso de los diversos implementos iguala el nivel de todos y provoca que sean más respetuosos entre ellos y a la vez que descubren nuevas posibilidades de hacer actividad física. Se trabajarán aspectos relacionados con el tenis, el shutteball, las redes, el paladós, el bádminton y las palas de playa. Encontrarán retos individuales, por parejas y de equipo, todos ellos de diferentes niveles de dificultad que tendrán que superar para poder avanzar. Una vez abierta podrán descubrir el enigma inicial de la caja.[EN] It is a learning box designed to provoke a series of behaviors in our students: -Being able to make individual and group decisions, the result of personal reflection, of the debate between equals and the proposal and listening to one's own ideas and those of others. - Achieving the execution of the different challenges will become more autonomous and more aware that they are the real ones responsible for their learning. - At the motor level, the use of the various implements equals everyone's level and causes them to be more respectful among themselves and at the same time discovering new possibilities for physical activity. Aspects related to tennis, shutteball, nets, “paladós”, badminton and beach paddles will be worked on. They will find individual, in pairs and team challenges, all of them of different levels of difficulty that they will have to overcome in order to move forward. Once opened they will be able to discover the initial puzzle of the box

Effect of the comprehensive smoke-free law on time trends in smoking behaviour in primary healthcare patients in Spain : A longitudinal observational study

Altres ajuts: Funding This project has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute through the Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001; RD16/0007/0001), and by European Union ERDF funds.Objective This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. Design Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013. Setting 66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Quarterly age-standardised prevalence of non-smoker, smoker and ex-smoker and incidence of new smoker, new ex-smoker and ex-smoker relapse rates were estimated with data retrieved from PHC electronic health records. Joinpoint analysis was used to analyse the trends of age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates. Trends were expressed as annual percentage change and average annual percent change. Results The overall standardised smoker prevalence rate showed a significant downward trend (higher in men than women) and the overall standardised ex-smoker prevalence rate showed a significant increased trend (higher in women than men) in the three regions. Standardised smoker and ex-smoker prevalence rates were higher for men than women in all regions. With regard to overall trends of incidence rates, new smokers decreased significantly in Catalonia and Navarre and similarly in men and women, new ex-smokers decreased significantly and more in men in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, and ex-smoker relapse increased in Catalonia (particularly in women) and decreased in Navarre. Conclusions Trends in smoking behaviour in PHC patients remain unchanged after the implementation of comprehensive SFL. The impact of the comprehensive SFL might have been lessened by the effect of the preceding partial SFL

Role of personal aptitudes as determinants of incident morbidity, lifestyles, quality of life, use of the health services and mortality (DESVELA cohort): qualitative study protocol for a prospective cohort study in a hybrid analysis

IntroductionMaintaining or acquiring healthier health-oriented behaviours and promoting physical and mental health amongst the Spanish population is a significant challenge for Primary Health Care. Although the role of personal aptitudes (characteristics of each individual) in influencing health behaviours is not yet clear, these factors, in conjunction with social determinants such as gender and social class, can create axes of social inequity that affect individuals’ opportunities to engage in health-oriented behaviours. Additionally, lack of access to health-related resources and opportunities can further exacerbate the issue for individuals with healthy personal aptitudes. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between personal aptitudes and health behaviours, as well as their impact on health equity.ObjectivesThis paper outlines the development, design and rationale of a descriptive qualitative study that explores in a novel way the views and experiences on the relationship between personal aptitudes (activation, health literacy and personality traits) and their perception of health, health-oriented behaviours, quality of life and current health status.Method and analysisThis qualitative research is carried out from a phenomenological perspective. Participants will be between 35 and 74 years of age, will be recruited in Primary Health Care Centres throughout Spain from a more extensive study called DESVELA Cohort. Theoretical sampling will be carried out. Data will be collected through video and audio recording of 16 focus groups in total, which are planned to be held in 8 different Autonomous Communities, and finally transcribed for a triangulated thematic analysis supported by the Atlas-ti program.DiscussionWe consider it essential to understand the interaction between health-related behaviours as predictors of lifestyles in the population, so this study will delve into a subset of issues related to personality traits, activation and health literacy.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04386135

Beyond the consultation room : Proposals to approach health promotion in primary care according to health-care users, key community informants and primary care centre workers

Primary health care () is the ideal setting to provide integrated services centred on the person and to implement health promotion () activities. To identify proposals to approach in the context of primary care according to health-care users aged 45-75 years, key community informants and primary care centre () workers. Descriptive-interpretive qualitative research with 276 participants from 14 of seven Spanish regions. A theoretical sampling was used for selection. A total of 25 discussion groups, two triangular groups and 30 semi-structured interviews were carried out. A thematic interpretive contents analysis was carried out. Participants consider that is not solely a matter for the health sector and they emphasize intersectoral collaboration. They believe that it is important to strengthen community initiatives and to create a healthy social environment that encourages greater responsibility and participation of health-care users in decisions regarding their own health and better management of public services and resources. , care in the community and demedicalization should be priorities for . Participants propose organizational changes in the to improve . workers are aware that falls within the scope of their responsibilities and propose to increase their training, motivation, competences and knowledge of the social environment. Informants emphasize that should be person-centred approach and empathic communication. activities should be appealing, ludic and of proven effectiveness. According to a socio-ecological and intersectoral model, services must get actively involved in together with community and through outreach interventions